Russian Family Research Articles

“You have to repeat Chinese to mother!”: multilingual identity, emotions, and family language policy in transnational multilingual families

Abstract A growing number of family language policy studies have started to pay more attention to the emotions that transnational multilingual families (TMFs) identify regarding their multilingual identity, even if much of the research remains primarily focused on TMFs residing in Europe and North America. This article reports on a qualitative study that explored the emotions that five TMFs residing in Russia identified with their multilingual identity, and how these emotions affected their family language policy. The study combined ethnographic elements in the form of video recordings and two rounds of semi-structured interviews. The findings indicated that the parents felt pride and satisfaction in their own multilingual identity yet feared that their children were developing a monolingual identity, which led to them experiencing anger and frustration. Coupled with these negative emotions, they were found to adopt monolingual practices with their children in hopes of making them more multilingual. The study adds to our understanding of how emotions, multilingual identity, and family language policy interact in TMFs outside of Europe and North America and is one of the first studies to explore the experiences of such families in Russia.

The Theory of Generations Importance for Implementing Medical and Social Needs of Children and Their Families in Russia

Fundamental principles of the theory of generations and its Russian version, which have been widely distributed in the last three decades especially in psychological science have been analyzed. The author’s opinion on the real possibility of its implementation in the practice for protecting the health of younger generation of the country considering the degree of formation in family and in, educational organization of the child’s life values, behavior and his own health attitude, is presented. The application perspectiveness of the Theory in the medical and organizational, psychological, ethical, and deontological, legal plan on the model of social patronage in the family, medical and social work, especially in the pediatric primary care, acquaintance with the living conditions specialty, education, development and growing up, intrafamilial relations, “problems of fathers and children” are presented.

On the Issue of Applying the Civil Law to the Property Relations of Spouses by Analogy

The relationship between the norms of civil and family law in determining the legal status of the property of spouses within the framework of contractual relations is considered. It is noted that due to the novelty of the institution of contractual property relations for Russia, the peculiarities of the Russian citizens’ mentality, expressed in the predominance of the emotional component of marital relations over the rationality of regulating property relations between spouses, the question of the need to establish norms and eliminate gaps, conflicts when choosing a contractual regime of spouses’ relations in Russian law is important. It is argued that the ambiguity in determining the independence of the subject of family law regulation gives rise to contradictions in the implementation of the norms governing contractual relations of family and civil legislation since property disputes between spouses are regulated by family law, which initially follows from the normative prescriptions of Articles 2 and 35 of the Family Code of the Russian Federation, whereas the relations of former spouses go beyond family relations and the norms of the Civil Code of the Russian Federation apply to them. It is concluded that the autonomous regime of regulation of property relations of spouses is more preferable and allows to avoid the participation of the law enforcer in the process of legal regulation, which, in turn, eliminates the need to fi ll in the gaps by analogy of the law. The novelty of the work lies in highlighting additional meanings in the interpretation of the studied norms of the Family Code of the Russian Federation and the formation of the author's point of view on the groups of property relations arising from the regulation of relations that give the right to change the property regime. The study is based on modern doctrinal approaches, taking into account the analysis of scientific hypotheses, law enforcement practice and reviews of opposing legal positions of the courts. A systematic analysis of the structure of the contractual regime in Russian Family law is carried out, other legal structures regulating the property relations of spouses are determined in order to identify gaps in the normative regulation of marriage and other contracts, and ways to solve them are developed.

The presumption of paternity in the Soviet law

The exploring of the legal regulation of the presumption of paternity in Soviet law is relevant because of the fact that in 2017 - 2019 the State Duma of the Russian Federation considered a bill on the return of the administrative overcoming of the presumption of paternity to the Russian Family Code in the version that was in force on the territory of the USSR from 1984 to 1991 and in the Russian Federation from 1996 to 1997. The bill was rejected, but not because society did not need to administratively overcome the presumption of paternity, but because of the human factor of the initiators of the bill, who stopped this law-making process halfway through without good reason. The article carries out a comparative legal analysis of Soviet and modern Russian legislation. In sum, the administrative overcoming of the presumption of paternity corresponds to the principle of procedural economy, protects men from unfair parenting in relation to a not own child from the moment of registration of a child to the moment of contesting paternity, prevents long-term negative communication between the mother of the child, her husband and the biological father of the child in the process of litigation to contest paternity. It is advisable to return to modern legislation the possibility of administratively overcoming the presumption of paternity by submitting an application of the child’s mother and her husband (ex-husband) to the registry office.

Смысл метаморфоз современной российской семьи

The article analyzes alternative approaches to the theoretical reconstruction of the transformations of the modern Russian family, presented in the domestic scientific discourse. The authors find out the heuristic potential of sociological and cultural approaches to the description of static and dynamic portraits of the modern Russian family. Attention is drawn to the need to comprehend the essence and sociocultural meaning of the transformations of the modern Russian family in the context of the general processes of social transformations of Russian society. As a result, it has been established that the heuristic limitations of the sociological and cultural approaches to the characterization of the modern Russian family can be removed by integrating them.

The impact of shift migration on the intra-family life of residents of villages and small towns in Russia. On the example of the Republic of Bashkortostan

The article presents the results of a sociological study, during which were revealed the changes occurring in contemporary Russian families because of participation of men (spouses) in shift migration, one of the forms of temporary employment. The author conducts a comparative analysis of intra-family relations in two categories of families. In the first, husbands regularly leave for temporary work outside their settlement (experimental group or families of shift migrants); in the second, the spouses are not involved in temporary migration (control group or «ordinary» families). The study was conducted in one of the largest in terms of population Russian regions – Bashkortostan, the choice of which is due to the high level of participation of its inhabitants in rotational migration, especially in villages and small towns.The families’ survey was conducted in 2018 in two small towns and five rural districts of Bashkortostan, located on the border with other regions, and having a low level of socio-economic development. The results of the study confirmed the hypotheses of temporary labor migration influence on the formation of peculiar translocal relations between family members during the husband’s stay away (the phenomenon of so-called «social presence against the background of physical absence»); on the transformation of intra-family relations of villages and small towns residents, which led to weakening of traditional men and women gender attitudes and stereotypes of behavior attitudes; on different consequences of shift migration for its participants – both positive and negative; on the predominance of forced participation of families in shift migration.

The Role of the Russian Orthodox Church in the State’s Promotion of the “Traditional” Family as Part of Family Policy

Since the 2010s, the Russian government has promoted a family model in its family policy – a heterosexual married couple with three children – explicitly defined as “traditional”. This definition is close to the representation of the family by the Russian Orthodox Church (ROC), which, since the 2000s, has positioned itself as an actor in family policy, in particular through the establishment of “The Committee of Patriarchs on the Family, Child Welfare and Motherhood” serving as an intermediary with the State. I show that the ROC and the State offer comparable family models and that they work closely together in the implementation of family policy. I show how the Russian government and the ROC support religiously motivated actions, including promotional events such as the creation of new holidays and restrictive measures such as limiting the right to abortion. I conclude that the demographic crisis led Russian family policy in the 2000s to combine a natalist dimension with a traditionalist dimension that values a family model based on ROC values. This work is based on official documentation and the results of a field work conducted between 2015 and 2018 in the Ulyanovsk Oblast. I conducted interviews with two categories of the population: officials of different governmental structures directly related to family policy and ROC priests. The choice of this region was motivated by the involvement of local authorities and ROC representatives in the realisation of the objectives of the federal family policy.

Социальное самочувствие российских студентов в период ковид-пандемии

The social well-being of the Russian students showed how steadfastly this category of youth survived the period of the covid-pandemic peak and the post-covid stage. Mass opinion polls revealed that the new generation mastered the distance learning system, and it properly assessed the prospects for virtual learning. Russian universities adapted to the new distance learning system despite the fact that the professional and educational Internet addiction of students increased. Working students pursuing “remote work”, were included in the state program of self-employment. The overwhelming majority demonstrated civic self-organization and a responsible position in the context of the covid pandemic, they observed safety measures, and the most active provided volunteer assistance to the people in need. It is not a secret that there existed negative consequences from covid self-isolation. They provoked family conflicts among the respondents. The conflicts were overcome by joint efforts due to the tactics of cooperation between “parents and children”. Thus, the institute of Russian higher education and the institute of the traditional Russian family were able to withstand all the covid-pandemic consequences of 2019–2020. The social well-being of students remained within the limits of the norm.

Современная социально-политическая ситуация и демографическое развитие России

The purpose of the study is a systematic analysis and understanding of the complex problem of the socio-political situation and demographic development of Russia, determining the prospects for its optimization. Methodological foundations of the study. The research was based on the following scientific approaches: systemic (V.G. Afanasyev, B.G. Ananyev, V.P. Kuzmin, E.G. Yudin, etc.); complex (J. Miller, N. Chomsky, W. McCarthy, etc.); synergetic (I. Prigozhin, S.P. Kurdyumov, E.N. Knyazeva, etc.); integrative (I.V. Bestuzhev-Lada, V.N. Turchenko, V.A. Yadov, etc.). In their organic unity, they allowed us to consider the problem holistically, in the indivisibility of all components, to identify the factors determining its successful solution. The empirical base of the study was made up of: legislative acts of the Russian Federation, documents of federal authorities, results of sociological research, state statistics data. The method of in-depth analysis of social phenomena, processes and trends, abstraction and systematization of the identified components was used. The results of the study allow us to take a systematic and comprehensive look at the most important problem of modern Russia — its sociopolitical situation and demographic development, use the results obtained in the development of state policy provisions and an appropriate strategy concerning the optimization of issues, demography and the Russian family. The prospects of the research are the possibility of developing clear methodological foundations concerning the preparation and implementation of the demographic policy of the country, taking into account both the modern socio-cultural and political situation (challenges of the time) +and all historical nuances inherent in the development of Russian (Russian) culture and civilization.

Russian Family in the Context of the Activities of Civil Society Organizations

The article presented the study results of the activities of civil society organizations in Russia on family matters. The author solved the following tasks 1) investigation of the problem of the position of the family in relation to civil society; 2) practical issues related to the contribution of civil society organizations (using the example of sociallyoriented non-profit organizations — SO NPOs) to improving the situation of the family and strengthening family values are studied. In the theoretical part of the work, the author analyzed an array of sources devoted to describing the relationship between the family and civil society in domestic and foreign science. Further, the author highlighted the main approaches describing their relationship. The practical part of the work examines the data of the portal of the Ministry of Economic Development of the Russian Federation on registered SO NPOs, materials from the websites of NPOs, and legal acts regulating the activities of NPOs in Russia. The author highlighted the main directions of the work of such organizations concerning the family. The author concluded that, despite some difficulties faced by employees of non-profit organizations, their activities make a significant contribution to solving the critical problems of families. The author argued that for the state, the significance of the studied SO NPOs lies not only in sharing the burden of social obligations with them but also in the fact that they contribute to strengthening family values, which are an essential component of the value basis of Russian society.

The family as a source of the youth education system: expectations, reality, prospects

The paper examines the history of parenting styles in the "parent-child" system, the evolution of the Russian family and its impact on intergenerational relations, and the importance of intra-family and subsequent out-of-family education for the younger generation. It is shown that the family is a cell of society in which new generations grow up and the inherent positive qualities of a person are strengthened, while flaws and vices are smoothed out. Love and respect of spouses for each other, honoring parents, caring for children, friendship of brothers and sisters represent a school of normal relations with all people around.

Gender in Law and Family Values: In Search of a Balance

The paper examines the current gender aspects of legislation regulating relations with the family element (mainly from the family legal space), the practice of its application by the courts. The provisions of the legal doctrine, primarily civil and civil procedure, on this issue are summarized and analyzed. Meanwhile, the author intentionally leaves civil law out of the field of research, since civil law norms are specified by family and administrative legislation and are gender neutral. The gender contexts of the institution of marriage (its heterosexual legal attitudes, the legal consequences of sex change in marriage, the problem of same-sex marriage, de facto marriage, gender prohibitions in the divorce procedure), the institute of parenthood (presumption of paternity, the influence of gender stereotypes on the legislation on the establishment of extramarital paternity, the law enforcement presumption of the mother’s preferential right to leave her young child, the rights of fathers, same-sex parenthood and its consequences), the institute of surrogacy (gender differentiation the subject composition of the program participants, controversial administrative and judicial practice in cases of the legal consequences of the use of assisted reproductive technologies). Other gender aspects of Russian family legislation are analyzed (for example, gender neutralization of norms on alimony obligations). In the argumentation of his position on these issues, the author not only relies on the analysis of legal norms, court decisions and provisions of legal doctrine, but also refers to the sociological meanings of gender practices. The author notes that the proposed approaches to the classical and modern gender contexts of family and related legislation indicate the actualization of both the problem as a whole and the need to answer questions on its individual components.

The Women`s Role in the Adaptive Process of Chinese Migrants Families in Russia

The Women`s Role in the Adaptive Process of Chinese Migrants Families in Russia

The Capabilities of Professional Foster Families in the Further Orphanhood Deinstitutionalization in Russia

The article looks for the perspectives of professional foster care development in line with the current deinstitutionalization reform of orphanhood in Russia and the broader context of modern childcare standards. Structuring the experience of Russia and other countries we used in-depth interviews with foster parents as the empirical base. Based on the interviews, we discuss the place that professional foster care might take in Russia's existing orphanage system and describe the pitfalls/possibilities of this institute. In conclusion, specific recommendations are offered on the successful implementation of the key features of foster families in Russia.

Modern practices of a healthy lifestyle in the russian family

Modern practices of a healthy lifestyle in the russian family

Family Perfectionism among Russian College Students

Research documenting the consequences of perfectionism on psychopathology and academic achievement across diverse cultures proliferates. This paper situates the multidimensional model of perfectionism and the role of family perfectionism within a Russian context. The main purposes are to investigate the psychometric properties of the Family Almost Perfect Scale (FAPS) among Russian college students and to explore whether the different types of perfectionistic families found in past studies are replicated in the sample. The impact of both personal and family aspects of perfectionism on psychological and academic outcomes is investigated. The psychometric properties of a Russian family perfectionism measure were examined using 169 students (50 men, 119 women), recruited at a national university in Perm, Russia. Their overall average age was 19.60 (SD = 0.63), ranging from 18 to 23 (Men: M = 19.72, SD = 0.76; Women: M = 19.55, SD = 0.56). Results indicated that the adjusted 15-item Russian Family Almost Perfect Scale (FAPS) yielded adequate factor structure, construct validity, and internal consistency reliability. The distinctively adaptive and maladaptive natures of the Family Standards and Family Discrepancy subscales were supported through correlations with psychological distress measures, as well as the three different types of perfectionistic families that were replicated through cluster analyses. The adaptive, maladaptive, and non-perfectionistic families mirrored the groups found in past studies. In comparing individuals of various family types, those from maladaptive perfectionistic families reported higher levels of depressive mood and anxiety than those from adaptive perfectionistic families. Findings implicate the relevancy of this construct to college students' psychological well-being. The Russian FAPS could be used in future research to further explore perceived family perfectionism among Russian-speaking populations.

The Resilience of Russian Families in the Face of Modern Challenges: A Pilot Study

A challenge is considered a "wake-up call" for family resilience, requiring a proper response (willingness to evaluate, understand an event and its signals, and also give an adequate response). Family resilience is defined as an adequate response to challenges, that is, the ability to cope with them based on the cultural-historical context and family resources, such as clear and open family communication and connectedness, the use of social resources, a broad system of values and senses, the ability to derive meaning from adversity, acceptance, and flexibility. This article reports on a study which aimed to analyze components of the resilience of Russian families in response to life circumstances that have become challenges for them. The study was conducted from March 20 to May 7, 2022. Participants took an online survey on Yandex-forms; the link to the survey was distributed through social networks on public pages and in private messages. Two hundred seventy-four (274) representatives of Russian families responded, including 234 women and 40 men (14.6%) ranging from age 17 to 65 (cf. 34.1+12.5). After removing the data of 15 participants who did not report a negative event in their families, the final sample consisted of 259 people. Challenges for modern Russian families can be categorized as loss challenges, relationship challenges, global challenges, challenges of illness, and challenges of financial well-being. The challenges of loss stimulate flexibility of response, acceptance, and overcoming suffering through mutual understanding. Global challenges and the challenges of illness awaken family spirituality. The ability to discuss problems together and share decision making becomes a resource to meet the challenge of families' financial well-being. Confidence in solving problems and a positive outlook become resources to face relationship challenges. The intensity of events is a signal for a family to evoke communication and connectedness, acceptance, and flexibility, as well as family resilience as a whole. There is a connection between the difficulties that respondents regard as challenges and the characteristics of their family resilience; the most adequate response to challenges is to increase family resilience.

Aliment fund as legal protection of children left without maintenance (financial and legal aspect)

In the Russian Federation, family and children are recognized as the highest value of the state and are under its protection. Children are the most important priority of the state policy of the Russian Federation. Demographic problems, including problems of childhood and family, are under the close attention of the President of the Russian Federation. Building a long-term policy of family support, the President of the Russian Federation proceeds from the fact that it is necessary to take into account specific life situations and the difficulties faced by an incomplete family. Children left without parental care have the right to count on state support and financial assistance. Giving priority to family education, if necessary, the State assumes the responsibilities of parents in relation to children left without care. In necessary cases, each State guarantees social security for the upbringing of children, for example, if one of the parents evades his duties for the upbringing and maintenance of his child, does not fulfill his alimony obligations and in other cases established by law. The legislation establishes the legal regime of alimony obligations, as well as legal guarantees of their fulfillment. At the same time, the issues of legislative implementation of the construction of the alimony obligation have not yet lost their relevance, since it has not yet been possible to remove the severity of the problem of avoiding payment of alimony for the maintenance of minor children. The article deals with the problem of the expediency of creating an alimony fund in the Russian Federation. Based on the analysis of similar experience in solving this problem in foreign countries, the law enforcement practice that previously existed in the USSR, the authors present arguments in favor of the State Alimony Fund. In conclusion, the conclusions and suggestions relevant to the study are given.

Система оценивания субъективного благополучия российских школьников: теоретикометодологическое обоснование

The article considers the meaningful understanding of the category "subjective well-being of Russian schoolchildren" and determines the methodological rationale for developing an assessment system for it. The subjective well-being of Russian students' families is studied through the level of positive/negative emotions and the realization of personal potential, i.e. as satisfaction with such areas of life as family and education. The aim is to describe the methodology for developing an assessment system for subjective well-being of Russian schoolchildren at different stages of education, based on the theoretical analysis of existing meaningful interpretations of the "subjective well-being" category and methods for identifying its level. The task of developing the assessment system for subjective well-being is being solved by identifying and justifying social and psychological factors of family and school environment. Significant factors that affect the children's well-being can include family relationships, spiritual unity, material security, relations with classmates, learning achievements, educational environment. To develop the assessment system we used methods of system analysis, methods of induction and deduction, methods of mathematical analysis, the method of factor analysis and others. The methodology for determining the subjective well-being of Russian schoolchildren includes a criterial framework and assessment tools. Taking into account the identified social and psychological factors of family and school environment, the subjective well-being is studied in criteria of satisfaction/dissatisfaction (positive/negative emotions) and realization of a child's personality potential. The assessment system presents the criteria for identifying the subjective well-being of Russian schoolchildren at different levels of education as two blocks: family and educational well-being. The methodological structuring of the criteria allowed us to develop mathematical formulas which can be used to obtain numerical expressions of both the level of subjective well-being itself and the levels of family and educational well-being.

Differences and similarities between russian and english family education

Differences and similarities between russian and english family education