Family Impact Research Articles

The Impact of Transcriptional Profiling Cadherin Family and Therapeutic Approaches of Gastric Cancer: A Translational Outlook on Multi-omics Data Analysis.

The classical cadherin gene has been linked to a variety of human malignancies, including gastric cancer. However, the link between cadherin genes and gastric cancer outcome is still unclear. This study used multi-omics data to examine the cadherin genes that were differentially regulated in gastric cancer. Differential expression of genes, epigenetic, molecular alterations, and protein expression analyses was conducted. Male SD rats were given N-methyl-N-nitrosourea (MNU) to induce stomach carcinoma in order to verify the activation of cadherin genes. CDH5, CDH6, CDH11, and CDH24 levels were found to be considerably higher in gastric cancer and may serve as useful indicators of stomach adenocarcinoma (STAD). Cadherin genes with variable expression had considerably more promoter methylation in cancers than in normal tissues. In individuals with gastric cancer, high expression of these cadherin genes was related to lower total mortality and disease-free survival rates. Furthermore, compared to normal rats, gastric cancer-induced rats had significantly higher expression and distribution of CDH5, CDH6, CDH11, and CDH24. This study sheds new light on the diagnosis and prognosis of gastric cancer by identifying potential prognostic markers such as CDH5, CDH6, CDH11, and CDH24. The multi-omics approach provided a potential tool for target-based therapy by accurately predicting the outcome of stomach cancer. Researchers may gain more knowledge about the role of cadherin genes in the development and dissemination of tumors to the activated rat model of gastric cancer.

Inventory of School Supports-Parent Report (ISS-PR): Development and Validation with Military-Connected Families

Tools that assess school supports for highly mobile, military-connected students are lacking. This study describes the development and preliminary validation of the Inventory of School Supports-Parent Report (ISS-PR). Participants were 433 parents (74% female; 62.5% White, 12% Black, 6.5% Asian, 5.5% Pacific Islander, 4% Native American, and 9.5% bi/multiracial; 19% Latinx) of students (grades 3–5) from families with an active-duty military parent. Parents completed the ISS-PR and rated: (a) how welcoming schools were toward military-connected families; (b) parent-teacher relationship quality; and (c) satisfaction with their child’s school. We created three proportional index composite scores: a 26-item school supports score, a 13-item parent-focused supports score, and a 13-item child-focused supports score. Results supported the ISS-PR’s psychometric properties: summary scores were positively linked to parent-teacher relationship quality, school welcoming, and parent satisfaction with the school. We also found evidence for test-retest reliability for parents completing the inventory with students who had either moved schools or remained in their previous schools. Future studies could use the ISS-PR to assess whether parents’ perceptions of the availability and importance of school supports for military-connected families are related to other constructs such as overall school climate, student academic performance, and socioemotional functioning. Schools could use the inventory to determine which supports could potentially have the greatest impact for military-connected families and to what extent parents are aware of the supports schools offer.

Unveiling the shadows: Parental perceptions and familial impact of daycare abuse of preschool children

BackgroundPreschoolers are at an increased risk of experiencing abuse, especially from caregivers. Early child abuse has adverse continuances on children's short and long-term development. The majority of previous studies were conducted in the 1990s in the United States, focusing primarily on sexual abuse. Despite the recently increasing public awareness of daycare abuse (DA), empirical studies on this topic have not yet been conducted in Israel. ObjectiveThe current study was designed to examine parents' perceptions regarding the DA of their preschool children. MethodThe data were collected through semi-structured, in-depth interviews with 14 parents of children who underwent DA. Qualitative analysis was performed on the narratives of the participants. FindingsThree main themes were identified: 1) parental shock, 2) community echoes, and 3) ripples of trauma. The study revealed the dramatic consequences of DA on children and their families. The families dealt with the consequences of the traumatic DA event, which destabilized almost every part of their lives. The study found that parents felt alone and without assistance from the authorities while facing the consequences of the DA. ConclusionsIn examining the parents' perspectives, the current study's findings presented essential empirical knowledge regarding the DA phenomenon and encouraged future studies in this area. This study has the potential to serve as a basis for the creation of professional training programs.

Generalization of family allowances and impact on monetary child poverty and vulnerability in the post-covid period in Morocco

ABSTRACT In this article, we evaluate the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic and the compensatory measures taken by the government to mitigate the consequences of this crisis on the monetary poverty and vulnerability of the Moroccan population and their children. In addition, given the urgent need to accelerate the reform of the social protection system, which has become a national priority, we evaluate the impact of the generalization of family allowances, a programme to be implemented by 2023. To do so, we use a microsimulated model applied to data from the 2019 wave of the Enquête Panel de ménages. From a punctual and distributional analysis, our results show that the measures implemented by the government, in addition to compensating for the effect of the pandemic on poverty and vulnerability, also prove to have been pro-poor. This effect is clearly reinforced by the generalization of family allowances, particularly in urban areas. The latter also appears to be a relatively inexpensive measure for Morocco, with fairly simple targeting and favourable effects on poverty and vulnerability, both for Moroccans in general and for their children.

Psoriasis and its impact on close relatives and partners of patients – A cross‐sectional questionnaire study

AbstractBackgroundLittle is known about the exact impact of psoriasis on the disease burden of close relatives and partners of those affected by the disease.ObjectivesThe aim of this single‐centre cross‐sectional study was to evaluate the quality of life in psoriasis patients and the impact of disease on partners and close relatives.Methods250 plaque‐type psoriasis patients (58.4% males and 41.6% females) with mostly treatment‐controlled disease (mean PASI of 1.7 and Dermatology Life Quality Index (DLQI) of 4.1) were recruited from the Psoriasis Registry Austria (PsoRA) and their close relatives and partners were invited to participate in the study. Patient Family Impact Score (PFIS) was calculated from the FamilyPso questionnaire data to establish categories of disease burden in close relatives and partners.ResultsValid FamilyPso questionnaires were returned from 153 (61.2%) close relatives and partners. Correlation analysis revealed a significant association between PASI and DLQI (r = 0.512, p < 0.001), PASI and PFIS (r = 0.228, p = 0.006), and DLQI and PFIS (r = 0.210, p = 0.014). An at least small or larger impairment of life quality (DLQI ≥ 2) was observed in 46.7% of psoriasis patients, despite treatment. A small or larger disease burden was detected in nearly 78.7% of the male and 77.3% of the female relatives and partners quantified with categorized PFIS.ConclusionsThe study revealed a significant impact of patients' psoriasis on the disease burden of close relatives and partners, depending on the severity of PASI and extent of quality of life disruption in patients. The gender of the relatives and partners had no impact on the PFIS.

Family experiences reported by healthcare worker parents during the COVID-19 pandemic

PurposeParents, who were working as essential frontline healthcare workers experienced unique stressors during the COVID-19 pandemic including disruption of regular routines, long lapses away from family, extreme work stress and subsequent difficulty in compartmentalizing work-related concerns when at home. The purpose of this study was to assess COVID-19 exposure and impact of frontline healthcare workers who are parents. Design & methodsThis study quantitatively assessed the COVID-19 exposure and impact and qualitatively explored perceptions of parents of children 9 to 17 years of age, who were also frontline healthcare workers. ResultsParticipants (N = 79) using the COVID-19 Exposure and Family Impact Survey (CEFIS) reported exposure mean scores of 10.03 (SD = 2.63); and impact scores mean scores of 3.18 (SD = 0.46). Thematic analysis identified four themes, each with 2 subthemes: 1) family stressors increased (e.g., concerns about health and safety, losses of lifestyle patterns); 2) changes in children's health and well-being (e.g., isolation from family and friends, mental health problems); 3) virtual school difficulties (e.g., parent and student challenges, home school option); 4) skill building opportunities (e.g., enhanced emotional connections, increased family activities). ConclusionThe CHAMPS Family Health Study suggests that families of essential workers are especially vulnerable to the effect of COVID-19, as are those families of essential workers who include child/ren with special health care needs. Practice implicationsPreparation for future emergencies requires strategies to mitigate consequences and promote well-being. These results highlight the need for supportive approaches to decrease the negative consequences of stress and to augment skills for family connection and cooperation.

Perceptions of family functioning impact smoking during pregnancy

Background Although socio-environmental factors are known to contribute to the maintenance of smoking behavior, few studies have examined the impact of family functioning on smoking during pregnancy. Objective The current study examined the relationship between perceptions of family functioning and smoking during pregnancy. Methods Pregnant women (N = 345, 59% ethnic/racial minority) completed the Family Assessment Device, a gold-standard assessment examining perceptions of family functioning in seven domains. Multinomial logistic regressions analyzed associations between clinically determined suboptimal levels of family functioning by domain and smoking status during pregnancy (smoking, ≥28 continuous days quit, nonsmoking), with stratified analyses exploring ethnic/racial differences (non-Hispanic/White vs. racial/ethnic minority). Results Participants who reported suboptimal levels of family functioning in domains of Affective Involvement, Affective Responsiveness, Behavioral Control, and Roles were significantly more likely to have been smoking than nonsmoking during pregnancy. Stratified analyses revealed differing effects by ethnic/racial identity, with perceptions of Roles remaining the only significant effect on smoking outcomes for both groups. No significant effects were found regarding the impact of family functioning on whether participants were smoking vs. quit during pregnancy. Conclusions Suboptimal family functioning may contribute to smoking during pregnancy, but effects may differ based on domain of family functioning and by ethnic/racial identity.

THE IMPACT OF INTERGENERATIONAL PARENTING ON AC COOLING DEMAND: EVIDENCE FROM SOUTHERN CHINA

Given ever-increasing temperatures, household air conditioner (AC) usage is increasing rapidly, posing significant sustainability challenges. Identifying the drivers of residential demand is critical, especially in developing countries such as China. In contrast to assumptions made by the existing literature, intergenerational parenting and multigenerational households are widespread in China. To address this oversight, this study is the first to use data from an appliance-level, 15-min AC operation database from southern China to quantify the impact of intergenerational parenting families on cooling-related electricity consumption and examine its mechanisms. First, intergenerational parenting significantly positively impacts such consumption. Compared to working-age households, Intergenerational households consume 49% more electricity for cooling, and families with children consume 28% more. In contrast, families with older adults but no children use 6% less electricity for cooling than working-age families. Second, intergenerational families use the AC for 0.5 additional hours per day, set the temperature 0.9°C lower, and keep the AC idle longer than working-age households. Third, intergenerational parenting’s impact shows an M-shaped pattern throughout the day (peaking at 9:00 and 17:00). Fourth, working-age adults significantly moderate the impact of intergenerational parenting on electricity demand.

The Impact of China's Family Floating Population on the Participation of Medical Insurance in the Inflow Areas.

With the transformation of China's economy and society, the floating population has also shown a new development trend, from individual migration to co-migration with family members. In 2020, among the 376 million floating population, the population flowing to cities and towns was 330 million, accounting for nearly 88.1%. The family mobility of the floating population is not just a simple personal gathering or geographical migration, but a profound adjustment of the living environment, social interaction and the interests of family members. Migrants no longer simply play the role of "urban passers-by", but gradually move with spouses, children, parents, and even settle in the city, which will inevitably produce different public service and social security needs. To explore the impact of floating population's familyization on the participation of medical insurance in the inflow areas. This study adopted the form of non-systematic literature review. The key words were floating population and medical insurance. The related analysis of PubMed, Embase, CNKI, Wanfang, and VIP databases were reviewed and summarized. Due to the flow between domestic immigrants and regions, their medical insurance is difficult to be guaranteed. The domestic floating population's demand for health services is increasing, but the coverage of medical services provided by medical insurance is not comprehensive enough. It is necessary to integrate the medical insurance system and improve the adaptability of medical insurance to family mobility; protect the welfare needs of migrant families and increase their willingness to participate in medical insurance at the destination; pay attention to the interaction and integration of floating population families, understand and guide them to participate in the status quo of medical insurance, and improve the status quo.

Are solid-state batteries absolutely more environmentally friendly compared to traditional batteries-analyzing from the footprint family viewpoint

In recent years, with the change of global climate, carbon neutralization has become a global consensus. Solid state batteries have become the important way to develop batteries in the future due to their advantages such as high safety, high energy density, wider operating temperature range, and the battery production stage is the main contributor to the environmental impact of the battery life cycle.This article selects three traditional batteries, LFP battery, NMC battery, LTO battery, and two new solid-state batteries, Li-FeS2 battery and LLZO battery, to conduct a study on the carbon footprint and other footprint family impacts during the production stage. The inventory data is collected from highly cited literature published in recent years, and the footprint family impact values generated by different types of battery packs are compared and analyzed. When using 1 kg as the functional unit, the footprint values of LLZO and Li-FeS2 solid-state batteries are higher than those of NMC and LFP traditional batteries in most footprint indicators such as ionizing radiation and ozone layer depletion in carbon footprint, material footprint, ecological footprint, and health footprint, resulting in greater environmental pollution. Considering the energy density of the battery, with a functional unit of 1kWh, the high energy density of solid-state batteries significantly reduces their environmental impact, while traditional battery LTO increases its environmental impact due to the lower battery energy density. But in the material footprint, both functional units of solid-state batteries have a significant impact. The high energy density of solid-state batteries still holds great development prospects, and cleaner technology and energy, as well as higher energy density, remain the direction of battery development.

Mapping of Family Reported Outcome Measure (FROM-16) scores to EQ-5D: algorithm to calculate utility values

ObjectiveAlthough decision scientists and health economists encourage inclusion of family member/informal carer utility in health economic evaluation, there is a lack of suitable utility measures comparable to patient utility measures such those based on the EQ-5D. This study aims to predict EQ-5D-3L utility values from Family Reported Outcome Measure (FROM-16) scores, to allow the use of FROM-16 data in health economic evaluation when EQ-5D data is not available.MethodsData from 4228 family members/partners of patients recruited to an online cross-sectional study through 58 UK-based patient support groups, three research support platforms and Welsh social services departments were randomly divided five times into two groups, to derive and test a mapping model. Split-half cross-validation was employed, resulting in a total of ten multinomial logistic regression models. The Monte Carlo simulation procedure was used to generate predicted EQ-5D-3L responses, and utility scores were calculated and compared against observed values. Mean error and mean absolute error were calculated for all ten validation models. The final model algorithm was derived using the entire sample.ResultsThe model was highly predictive, and its repeated fitting using multinomial logistic regression demonstrated a stable model. The mean differences between predicted and observed health utility estimates ranged from 0.005 to 0.029 across the ten modelling exercises, with an average overall difference of 0.015 (a 2.2% overestimate, not of clinical importance).ConclusionsThe algorithm developed will enable researchers and decision scientists to calculate EQ-5D health utility estimates from FROM-16 scores, thus allowing the inclusion of the family impact of disease in health economic evaluation of medical interventions when EQ-5D data is not available.

The Child Protection Response to Domestic Violence and Abuse: a Scoping Review of Interagency Interventions, Models and Collaboration

Abstract Purpose There is a growing acknowledgement that children are direct victims of domestic violence and abuse, and require support and protection in their own right. However, professional interventions designed to protect children may unintentionally further victimise parents, most often mothers. In response, a number of new interagency approaches have been developed. Method Updating a previous review by Macvean et al. (Australian Social Work,71(2), 148–161, 2018), we report the findings of a scoping review of models of interagency working between child protection and either domestic abuse services or family law services, or all three services, to improve understanding of practices that may facilitate collaboration between child protection and other agencies in the context of domestic violence and abuse. We also consider the effectiveness of such approaches in improving the safety of child and adult victims. Results A systematic search of all sources identified 4103 documents that were screened for inclusion. The outcome of this screening was the identification of thirteen papers or reports dated between 2018 and 2022 that comprised an evaluation of six models of interagency interventions. Nine publications originated in Australia, three in the UK and one in the USA. The most referenced model was Safe & Together, primarily due to the number of publications from the same research team in Australia. None of the included studies reported the outcomes or impact for children and families. Conclusions While there are a growing number of promising approaches identified, there is little evidence of effectiveness, or the views of child and adult family members about the acceptability and utility of such approaches.

Behavioral Problems and Family Impact in Congenital Cytomegalovirus Infection.

We examined behavior (Child Behavior Checklist) and family functioning (Family Impact Questionnaire) in 65 children with congenital cytomegalovirus. Behavioral problems were present in 30.8%. Parents of children with moderate/severe outcomes reported strain on all areas of family functioning. Behavioral problems were associated with negative impact on parental feelings and marital/partnership relationship. Our findings inform planning support services.

Current and emerging 3D visualization technologies in radiology.

As the field of three-dimensional (3D) visualization rapidly advances, how healthcare professionals perceive and interact with real and virtual objects becomes increasingly complex. Lack of clear vocabulary to navigate the changing landscape of 3D visualization hinders clinical and scientific advancement, particularly within the field of radiology. In this article, we provide foundational definitions and illustrative examples for 3D visualization in clinical care, with a focus on the pediatric patient population. We also describe how understanding 3D visualization tools enables better alignment of hardware and software products with intended use-cases, thereby maximizing impact for patients, families, and healthcare professionals.

Mendelian randomization analysis demonstrates the causal effects of IGF family members in diabetes.

Observational studies have consistently shown significant associations between the IGF family and metabolic diseases, including diabetes. However, these associations can be influenced by confounding factors and reverse causation. This study aimed to assess the causal relationship between the IGF family and diabetes using Mendelian randomization (MR). We conducted a two-sample MR analysis to investigate the causal effects of the IGF family on diabetes. Instrumental variables for the IGF family and diabetes were derived from summary-level statistics obtained from genome-wide association studies. Horizontal pleiotropy was assessed using MR-Egger regression and the weighted median method. We applied the inverse-variance weighted method as part of the conventional MR analysis to evaluate the causal impact of the IGF family on diabetes risk. To test the robustness of the results, we also employed MR-Egger regression, the weighted median method, and a leave-one-out analysis. Our study revealed that IGF-1 causally increases the risk of Type 2 Diabetes (T2D), while IGFBP-6, adiponectin and INSR decreases the risk (IGF-1, OR 1.02 [95% CI 1-1.03], p = 0.01; IGFBP-6, OR 0.92 [95% CI 0.87-0.98], p = 0.01; Adiponectin, OR 0.837 [95% CI 0.721-0.970], p = 0.018; INSR, OR 0.910 [95% CI 0.872-0.950], p = 1.52 × 10-5). Additionally, genetically lower levels of IGF-1 and IGFBP-5, along with higher levels of IGFBP-7, were associated with an increased risk of Type 1 Diabetes (T1D) (IGF-1, OR 0.981 [95% CI 0.963-0.999], p = 0.037; IGFBP-5, OR 0.882 [95% CI 0.778-0.999], p = 0.049; IGFBP-7, OR 1.103 [95% CI 1.008-1.206], p = 0.033). In summary, our investigation has unveiled causal relationships between specific IGF family members and T1D and T2D through MR analysis. Generally, the IGF family appears to reduce the risk of T1D, but it presents a more complex and controversial role in the context of T2D. These findings provide compelling evidence that T2D is intricately linked with developmental impairment. Our study results offer fresh insights into the pathogenesis and the significance of serum IGF family member concentrations in assessing diabetes risk.

Non-Pharmacologic Intensive Interdisciplinary Pain Treatment in Pediatrics: Impact on Symptoms, Daily Functioning, and the Family Unit.

Objectives: To assess non-pharmacologic treatment outcomes pertaining to health-related quality of life (HRQoL) in youth with chronic idiopathic pain and their families. Methods: We conducted a retrospective cohort study of 115 youth with chronic idiopathic pain enrolled in a non-pharmacologic, hospital-based intensive interdisciplinary pain treatment (IIPT) program. HRQoL measures for the patient (Pediatric Quality of Life Inventory [PedsQL] short form) and family unit (PedsQL Family Impact) were collected on admission and discharge as part of routine clinical care. Changes in PedsQL scores were calculated using the Wilcoxon signed-rank test. Multivariable linear regression was used to explore factors associated with patient-level HRQoL. Results: Both individuals and the family unit reported that their HRQoL improved in all domains by program completion. Improvements in pain and allodynia were present for program participants at the time of completion as well as at the 3-month follow-up, suggesting durability of these effects. Conclusions: A non-pharmacologic IIPT program is a compelling treatment for pediatric and adolescent chronic idiopathic pain, for both patients and the family unit. Patients participating in this program had positive treatment outcomes with significantly improved subjective and objective measures of physical, emotional, social, and cognitive function.

Caregiver and family functioning after pediatric disorder of consciousness: telephone-based outcome assessment

ABSTRACT Objective Examine initial feasibility/utility of a telephone-administered measure in describing impact of child health on caregiver/family functioning in patients with a history of a disorder of consciousness (DoC) due to severe-acquired brain injury (ABI). Method Caregivers of patients admitted at least 1 year prior for inpatient rehabilitation with DoC completed a battery of measures administered via telephone examining the impact of child health on caregiver/family functioning (Pediatric Quality of Life Family Impact Module; PedsQL-FIM) and child functioning. Results Forty-one caregivers of unique patients (age = 5–22 years; M = 14.9, SD = 5.1; 63% male; time since injury = 1–18 years; M = 5.3; SD = 4.2) completed the telephone measures. PedsQL-FIM floor and ceiling effects were minimal (administration time = 5–16 min, M = 7.4; SD = 2.8). Family functioning was lowest in Daily Activities and highest in Family Relationships. Relative to caregivers of patients with mild-severe ABI, caregivers reported lower caregiver/family functioning. Correlations were moderate between child functioning and caregiver/family functioning on some PedsQL-FIM scales. Conclusions Within this relatively small convenience sample, results indicate the PedsQL-FIM administered via telephone is feasible and useful in describing the impact of child health on caregiver/family functioning long after DoC associated with ABI. Future studies are needed to understand factors contributing to caregiver/family functioning to inform targeted interventions.

The Role of Family Support Towards Perinatal Depression in Medan

Perinatal depression, commonly known as postpartum depression, is a serious complication of childbirth that can have significant adverse effects on both the mother and baby. It typically occurs 4-6 weeks after giving birth. Mothers require family and social support to cope with stress during the postpartum period, which is caused by sudden hormonal changes that affect mood swings, the burden of household work, and caring for the baby and mother. This can result in fatigue and lack of sleep. The research aims to analyze the impact of family and social support on the occurrence of depression. The study employed an analytical observational method with a cross-sectional approach to examine the population of postpartum mothers aged 0-6 weeks in the Sukoharjo District Health Service work area. The sample size consisted of 160 respondents selected through Multistage Random Sampling. The study utilized family support questionnaires, social support, and EPDS (Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale) as instruments. Logistic regression and Odd Ratio were used for data analysis. The data analysis results for family support yielded a P-value of 0.027 < (0.05) and an OR value of 5.787. The analysis for social support resulted in a P-value of 0.025 < (0.05) and an OR value of 5.693. These results indicate a significant influence of family and social support on the occurrence of DEPRESSION. Mothers who lack family and social support are at a higher risk of experiencing DEPRESSION, with a risk 5.787 and 5.693 times higher, respectively. Healthcare professionals should prioritize the significance of family and social support for postpartum mothers, providing both emotional and technical assistance. This includes aiding mothers in caring for their babies, self-care, and household tasks to mitigate the risk of postpartum depression.

Oral habits, sociopsychological orthodontic needs, and sociodemographic factors perceived by caregivers impact oral health-related quality of life in children with and without autism?

Caregivers play a crucial role in assessing the oral health-related quality of life (OHRQoL) of young individuals with autism spectrum disorder (ASD). This study assessed the impact of sociodemographic and oral conditions on OHRQoL and family dynamics in young individuals with and without autism, as perceived by guardians. This comparative cross-sectional study included young individuals aged 6 to 14 years and their guardians. Data were collected at a specialized institution and dental schools. Guardians completed the Parental-Caregiver Perceptions Questionnaire (P-CPQ), Family Impact Scale (FIS), and sociodemographic and oral habits questionnaires. The sociopsychological need for orthodontic treatment was assessed using the Index of Orthodontic Treatment Need (IOTN). The sample included 144 youths and caregivers. The ASD group had higher P-CPQ and FIS scores. Factors associated with poorer perceived OHRQoL included higher youth age, lower caregiver education, higher IOTN scores, teeth clenching (RR = 1.20; 95% CI: 1.01-1.41), and lip sucking. Lower parental education (RR = 1.75; 95% CI: 1.10-2.80) and higher IOTN scores from the caregiver's perspective impacted family dynamics. Caregivers of young individuals with ASD perceived a lower OHRQoL, and families in this group were more affected by sociodemographic and oral conditions.

Impact of a Broken Home Family on Children's Social Deviant Behavior

This research aims to examine the effects of broken families on children's social behavior. The methodology used for this research is based on literature review. Research results show, among other things, that the family plays an important role in the education and development of children's rights. However, when families are not functioning well, especially in broken families, it will have an impact on children. Children experience many emotions when they experience family breakdown, including: (1) being vulnerable and psychologically disturbed; (2) hate their parents; (3) is exposed too quickly to adverse environmental effects; (4) regard life as meaningless. ; (5) it is not easy to live with; and (6) having behavioral problems (7) Lack of self-esteem (8) The emergence of feelings of not paying attention to mental health (9) Showing hatred by destroying youth (10) Don't worry about yourself.