Family History Of Mental Disorders Research Articles

Risk factors for ASD : Risk Factors for Autism Spectrum Disorder in Shanghai, China: A Population-based Case-control Study.

Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a pervasive neurodevelopmental disorder that brings heavy burdens to families and the society. This case-control study explored risk factors for ASD based on 74,252 children aged 3-12 years who were recruited from general education kindergartens, primary schools, and special education schools in Shanghai, China. One hundred ninety-two children were identified with ASD according to the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders-Fifth Edition. Male sex, the presence of anoxia or asphyxia at birth, artificial feeding, adverse maternal psychological status, complications during pregnancy and higher paternal education were associated with ASD even after controlling for age, residential district, family history of mental disorders, parental personality, and amount of daily TV viewing.

Prevalence and Factors Associated With Suicidal Ideation Among Adult Eritrean Refugees in Northern Ethiopia

BackgroundThe present study assessed the prevalence of and factor associated with suicidal ideations among adult Eritrean refugees in Tigray, Ethiopia.MethodsA community-based cross-sectional study was carried out among 400 adult refugees living in the Mai-Aini refugee camp in Tigray, Northern Ethiopia from September 2019 to May 2020. The response variable was suicidal ideation and was measured using World Mental Health (WMH) Survey Initiative Version of the World Health Organization Composite International Diagnostic Interview. We applied bivariate and multivariate logistic regression to determine predictors for suicide ideations. Odds ratios and p-values were determined to check the associations between variables, and a p-value <0.05 was considered as a cut-off for statistical significance.ResultsThe prevalence of suicidal ideations was 20.5% (95% CI: 16.4%, 24.5%). Having previous history of trauma [AOR = 2.3, 95% CI: 1.4, 4.5], a history of chronic illness [AOR = 2.9, 95% CI: 1.3, 6.5], a family history of mental disorder [AOR = 3.08, 95% CI: 1.3, 7.06], and history of post-traumatic stress disorder [AOR = 5.7, 95% CI: 2.8, 11.5] were significantly associated with suicidal ideations.ConclusionsThis study showed that during the stay in the refugee camp, there was a high prevalence of suicide ideations compared to the prevalence of suicide ideations among the general populations of Ethiopia, Europe, and China, and the lifetime pooled prevalence across 17 countries. Having previous history of trauma, a history of chronic illness, a family history of mental disorder, and history of post-traumatic stress disorder were the factors statistically associated with the suicidal ideation.

Family, personal, parental correlates and behavior disturbances in school-aged boys with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD): a cross-sectional study

BackgroundTo evaluate the relationship among family, personal, parental correlates, and behavioral disturbances in boys with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD).MethodsWe performed a hospital-based cross-sectional study. School-aged boys who first visited the hospital between 2000 and 2011 with ADHD were identified. Through medical records review, demographic information, family characteristics, personal characteristics, parental characteristics, and the Child Behavior Checklist (CBCL) collected during the first outpatient visit were retrieved. A T-score higher than 63 in the internalizing or externalizing subscale of the CBCL indicated severe behavioral disturbances in each domain. Multivariable logistic regression was used to evaluate the relationship between the correlates and behavioral disturbances. Eligible patients were further classified into groups without behavioral disturbance, with either only severe internalizing or only severe externalizing behaviors, or with both behaviors. Multivariable ordinal logistic regression was used to investigate the association between the correlates and the number of types of behavioral disturbances.ResultsA total of 1855 boys with ADHD were included. In the multivariable logistic regression, family factors, including being first-born, living in a family not with both parents, and family history of mental disorder, were associated with severe internalizing and externalizing behaviors. Personal factors, including prenatal complications, perinatal complications, and medical and psychiatric comorbidities, were associated with severe internalizing behaviors, but only prenatal complications and medical comorbidities were associated with severe externalizing behaviors. Parental factors were only associated with severe externalizing behaviors. A higher paternal education level had a protective effect, but younger motherhood increased the risk. In ordinal logistic regression, these factors were also associated with more types of behavioral disturbances.ConclusionsMultiple factors are related to behavioral disturbances in ADHD. Our study reported the association among family, personal, parental factors, severe internalizing behavior, severe externalizing behavior, and number of behavioral disturbances in boys with ADHD. However, the impacts differed as the behavior phenotypes varied. Further research is needed to better understand the heterogeneity of ADHD behavior.

NeuroBlu, an electronic health record (EHR) trusted research environment (TRE) to support mental healthcare analytics with real-world data

PurposeNeuroBlu is a real-world data (RWD) repository that contains deidentified electronic health record (EHR) data from US mental healthcare providers operating the MindLinc EHR system. NeuroBlu enables users to perform...

Profile of Hippocampal Volume of Adults in North Sumatera

BACKGROUND: Hippocampus is a brain region that includes in the limbic lobe. It is formed by two groups of neurons that look such as letter C, which were facing each other – dentate gyrus and Ammon’s horn and played an essential role in the development of memory. AIM: The objective of this study is to find the volume of the right and left hippocampal volume and the measurement of the total volume. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study in Indonesia that measures the hippocampal volume of healthy adults. METHODS: We collected 54 subjects of healthy adults in Medan Indonesia, with the inclusion criteria: Age 15–40 years, cooperative and willing to be interviewed, and did not have a family history of mental disorders. Exclusion criteria for the control group were excluded from the study: Having a history of previous mental disorders and a general medical condition that affected brain structure, and obesity. We used MINI ICD-10 structured clinical interview to rule out the mental disorders. Hippocampal measurement was done by manual segmentation using AnalyzePro software that was developed by Mayo Clinic and followed the protocol of manual segmentation of hippocampal measurement from the Alzheimer’s Disease Neuroimaging Initiative: Magnetic resonance imaging methods. RESULTS: We found that the total hippocampal volume was 3979.77 ± 678.51 mm3. COCLUSION: Our findings of hippocampal volume were smaller than other Asian people. Few conditions had been thought related to it, that is, chronic stress exposure inducing prolonged hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis activation that leads to loss of hippocampal neurons and neural level conditions resulting from gene-environment interaction. This smaller hippocampal volume can also predict verbal memory function in the future.

Dukungan Keluarga pada Orang dengan Gangguan Jiwa di Masa Pandemi Covid-19

Patients mental disorders still are a serious problem during the COVID-19 pandemic, because patients mental disorder still roaming around in the street without wearing masks, many patients with mental disorders are confined to their homes because family a worried about the patient's condition, which is suspected to be able to disrupt the comfort activities of local residents, this illustrates the lack of family support for patients mental disorder. The aims of this study to describe family support for mental disorder patients, study was conducted in the village of Kaduara Barat, Pamekasan, with 25 family of mental patients as a sample, the research variables were family support, the research instrument used questionnaires and descriptive analysis. Characteristics of Respondents are mostly 17-25 years old the category of teenagers and adults, more than half that respondents are women with unmarried status, all respondents are Muslim with jobs as entrepreneurs. almost all respondents have a family with a mental disorder, and having a relationship with the patient as a cousin. The results showed that more than the family had provided positive support. positive cognitive support is provided by families with the age range of 17 to 25 years, while on affective support, there are still many who support negatively, almost girls, with 17 to 25 years old, with a relationship as brother and cousin with unmarried status, working as an entrepreneur and having a family history of mental disorders.

Depression, anxiety, and stress among students of Sriwijaya University

The prevalence of Major Depressive Disorder (MDD) among students was the highest (18.5%), followed by anxiety (16.7%). Psychosocial stressors and academic pressure on students require them to be able to adjust themselves in order to cope with the mental stress that occurs. The aims to descriptions of mental health, especially depression, anxiety, and stress in students. An analytic observational study with a cross-sectional design used. As much 1564 students from 10 faculties filled out the DASS-42 questionnaire distributed via social media in January 2020−24 August 2020. The analyzed using chi-square, Mann Whitney, and binary logistic regression with significance of 0.05. Students who have a risk to depression, anxiety, and steress are 46%, 74.2%, and 57.9%. There is a significant relationship between the incidence of depression with GPA, faculty, semester and place of residence (p&lt;0.05). Gender, faculty, and religion factors associated with the anxiety (p&lt;0.05). While the gender, place of residence and faculty associated with stress (p&lt;0.05). History of chronic illness and family history of mental disorders influenced the depression, anxiety disorders, and stress (p &lt; 0.001). Mostly, Sriwijaya University students have an increase in depression, anxiety, and stress, especially during the Covid-19 pandemic. The gender, semester, marital status, history of chronic disease, and a history of mental disorders in the family affect the incidence of depression, anxiety, and stress. The mean GPA of students with a tendency to depression, anxiety, and stress was lower by ± 0.03 points. The university stakeholders needs to implement mental health interventions to maximize student potential. Keywords: Mental disorders; college students; depression; anxiety; stress

Help-seeking behavior of individuals with schizophrenia in the general population of Hunan, China

This study aims to know the seeking help behavior of individuals with SZ (Schizophrenia) in Hunan province of China. Individuals (age > 15) with schizophrenia were recruited in the study after a two-stage diagnosis procedure (including questionnaire screening and face-to-face SCID interview by psychiatrists) in Hunan province. A self-designed questionnaire was used to investigate their help-seeking behavior. (1) Of the 367 participants, 68.9% (253/367) sought help; of those, 64.6% (n = 163) pursued professional psychiatric services and 30.8% (n = 78) pursued non-medical options (i.e., relatives, praying to Buddha) as the most common first choices. (2) Family history of mental disorders is significantly related to whether or not the individual with SZ seeks help, and the first choice of help is significantly related to education level. (P < 0.05). (3) Frequent reasons behind not seeking help include fear of stigmatization (72.9%), poor mental health literacy (64.5%), concerns over cost (50.6%), and limited access to medical services (47.0%). About one-third of the individuals do not seek help. Individuals with SZ tend to choose psychiatric hospitals and relatives as their first choice. Among the factors we investigated, family history of mental disorders is the most influential factor associated with help-seeking behavior. Individuals with more education tend to seek professional help first. The primary reasons for not seeking help include fear of stigmatization, lack of awareness about mental illness, concerns over cost, etc.

Associations between patterns in comorbid diagnostic trajectories of individuals with schizophrenia and etiological factors

Schizophrenia is a heterogeneous disorder, exhibiting variability in presentation and outcomes that complicate treatment and recovery. To explore this heterogeneity, we leverage the comprehensive Danish health registries to conduct a prospective, longitudinal study from birth of 5432 individuals who would ultimately be diagnosed with schizophrenia, building individual trajectories that represent sequences of comorbid diagnoses, and describing patterns in the individual-level variability. We show that psychiatric comorbidity is prevalent among individuals with schizophrenia (82%) and multi-morbidity occur more frequently in specific, time-ordered pairs. Three latent factors capture 79% of variation in longitudinal comorbidity and broadly relate to the number of co-occurring diagnoses, the presence of child versus adult comorbidities and substance abuse. Clustering of the factor scores revealed five stable clusters of individuals, associated with specific risk factors and outcomes. The presentation and course of schizophrenia may be associated with heterogeneity in etiological factors including family history of mental disorders.

Prevalence and associated factors of school bullying among Chinese college students in Changsha, China

BackgroundSchool bullying has attracted worldwide attention for its adverse outcomes; however, there is still a lack of research among college students. The aim of this study was to investigate the prevalence of school bullying victimization and the associated factors among Chinese college students. Methods8098 Chinese college students from two universities in Hunan province were recruited in this cross-sectional study, and data on participants’ demographic information, bullying history, suicidal behaviors, anxiety (Self‐Rating Anxiety Scale) and depression (Self‐reporting Depression Scale) were collected. Binary logistic regression was used to analyze the independent correlates of school bullying. ResultsThe prevalence of school bullying was 8.03% in our study. Gender (OR,0.792;95%CI[0.660,0.950]; p = 0.012); depression (OR,1.979; 95%CI[1.359,2.883]; p < 0.001); anxiety (OR,1.996; 95%CI[1.388, 2.869]; p < 0.001); suicidal ideation (OR,1.353;95%CI[1.087,1.684]; p = 0.007); suicide attempts (OR,1.772;95%CI[1.306,2.403]; p < 0.001); family income between 30,000 and 70,000/year (yuan) (OR,0.763;95% CI[0.627,0.929]; p = 0.007) and family income more than 70,000/year (yuan) (OR,0.578;95%CI[0.461,0.725]; p < 0.001) were independent correlates of school bullying. The bullying score was positively correlated with physical or mental disorder history, family history of mental disorder, suicidal ideation, suicide plans, suicide attempts, anxiety, depression, smoking and drinking alcohol (all p < 0.05), and negatively correlated with right-handedness, good relationship with parents and family income (all p < 0.05). LimitationsNo causal relationship could be drawn due to the cross-sectional design. ConclusionSchool bullying is quite common among college students. In order to improve students’ mental health and prevent suicide, we should pay attention to the negative effects of bullying victimization such as depression, anxiety, suicidal behaviors and so on, apart from putting in place anti-bullying interventions.

Impact of urban birth and upbringing on expression of psychosis in a Chinese undergraduate population

BackgroundUrban birth and upbringing show consistent associations with psychotic illness but the key urban exposures remain unknown. Associations with psychotic-like experiences (PEs) are inconsistent. These could be confounded by common mental disorders associated with PEs. Furthermore, associations between PEs and urban exposures may not extrapolate to psychotic disorders such as schizophrenia.MethodsAnnual cross-sectional surveys among first year Chinese undergraduates 2014–2019 (n = 47,004). Self-reported, hierarchical categorisation of psychosis: from psychoticism, paranoid ideation, schizotypal symptoms, nuclear syndrome using SCL-90-R, to clinical diagnosis of schizophrenia. Depressive symptoms using PHQ 9. Dissociative symptoms and posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) measured using PCL-C. Etiological factors of family history and childhood disadvantage. We studied effects of urban birth, urban living and critical times of exposure in childhood on psychosis phenotypes.ResultsAssociations with urbanicity were found only after adjustments for depression. Urban birth was associated with paranoia (AOR 1.34, 1.18–1.53), schizotypal symptoms (AOR 1.59, 1.29–1.96), and schizophrenia (AOR 2.07, 1.10–3.87). The same phenotypes showed associations with urban residence > 10 years. Only schizophrenia showed an association with urban exposure birth-3 years (AOR 7.01, 1.90–25.86). Child maltreatment was associated with both psychosis and depression. Urbanicity measured across the total sample did not show any associations with demography, family history of psychosis, or child maltreatment. Sensitivity analysis additionally adjusting for dissociative symptoms and PTSD showed the same pattern of findings.ConclusionsUrban birth and urban living showed a hierarchical pattern of increasing associations from paranoid ideation to schizotypal disorder to schizophrenia, confirming that associations for psychotic experiences could be extrapolated to schizophrenia, but only after adjusting for confounding from depression, dissociative symptoms and PTSD. Several etiological factors were the same for psychosis and depression. Future studies of PEs should adjust for confounding from common mental disorders and dissociative symptoms. Effects of urbanicity on psychosis were not explained by demography, family history of mental disorder, or child maltreatment.

Facing the “new normal”: How adjusting to the easing of COVID-19 lockdown restrictions exposes mental health inequalities

BackgroundRe-establishing societal norms in the wake of the COVID-19 pandemic will be important for restoring public mental health and psychosocial wellbeing as well as economic recovery. We investigated the impact on post-pandemic adjustment of a history of mental disorder, with particular reference to obsessive-compulsive (OC) symptoms or traits. MethodsThe study was pre-registered (Open Science Framework; https://osf.io/gs8j2/). Adult members of the public (n = 514) were surveyed between July and November 2020, to identify the extent to which they reported difficulties re-adjusting as lockdown conditions eased. All were assessed using validated scales to determine which demographic and mental health-related factors impacted adjustment. An exploratory analysis of a subgroup on an objective online test of cognitive inflexibility was also performed. ResultsAdjustment was related to a history of mental disorder and the presence of OC symptoms and traits, all acting indirectly and statistically-mediated via depression, anxiety and stress; and in the case of OC symptoms, also via COVID-related anxiety (all p < 0.001).One hundred and twenty-eight (25%) participants reported significant adjustment difficulties and were compared with those self-identifying as “good adjusters” (n = 231). This comparison revealed over-representation of those with a history or family history of mental disorder in the poor adjustment category (all p < 0.05). ‘Poor-adjusters’ additionally reported higher COVID-related anxiety, depression, anxiety and stress and OC symptoms and traits (all p < 0.05). Furthermore, history of mental disorder directly statistically mediated adjustment status (p < 0.01), whereas OC symptoms (not OC traits) acted indirectly via COVID-related anxiety (p < 0.001). Poor-adjusters also showed evidence of greater cognitive inflexibility on the intra-extra-dimensional set-shift task. ConclusionIndividuals with a history of mental disorder, OC symptoms and OC traits experienced greater difficulties adjusting after lockdown-release, largely statistically mediated by increased depression, anxiety, including COVID-related anxiety, and stress. The implications for clinical and public health policies and interventions are discussed.

Prevalence and risk factors of suicidal ideation in adult inpatients with five different types of mental disorders

BackgroundSuicide is a major but preventable public health problem in the world. Mental disorders are related to suicide, and can predict suicidal ideation (SI). This study aims to compare the differences in the prevalence and risk factors of SI among patients with five types of mental disorders. MethodsThis study involved adult inpatients with five types of mental disorders in Beijing Anding Hospital. Text mining was used to extract information from the electronic medical records. We performed the Pearson's Chi-square analysis and multivariable unconditional logistic regression to filter factors to assess odds of SI for each type of mental disorders. ResultsOf the 21,287 participants included, 2,619 had experienced SI. For both sexes, the highest risk of SI was found for patients with recurrent depressive disorder (OR = 7.096; P <.001), followed by patients with depressive episode and bipolar affective disorder when comparing with those with substance use disorder. Gender, age, occupation, drinking, single child, personal relationship, family history of mental disorder, family history of suicide and psychological trauma were associated with SI after adjusting for confounding factors, but the risk factors and their effects in each type were different. LimitationsThe clear causal associations between mental disorders and SI cannot be elucidated. In addition, the ability to study the predictors of SI is constrained by the fact that the sample excluded people who completed suicide. ConclusionsSI is common and distinct strategies should be taken in suicide prevention for patients with different types of mental disorders.

Risk Factors and Cognitive Deficits in First Episode Major Depression: A Five-Year Longitudinal Study of Explorative Subgroups

Mood disorders are associated with cognitive deficits, even in remission. There is heterogeneity in prevalence- and severity of such deficits, however. Risk factors like relapse, depressive symptoms, rumination, comorbidity, and family history of mental disorders, could exacerbate cognitive deficits. Longitudinal assessment of first episode depression could elucidate on how such risk factors are related to cognition.

Beliefs about schizophrenia’s causes among family members

IntroductionInvestigating family members’ causal beliefs regarding schizophrenia is an important step in the management of the illness; it may affect adherence to treatment of patients with schizophrenia.ObjectivesTo investigate the beliefs about the causes of schizophrenia among families of patients with schizophrenia.MethodsWe led a cross sectional descriptive study involving 32family members of patients suffering from schizophrenia who were followed in the psychiatry department of Hedi Chaker University Hospital in Sfax (Tunisia), between May to September 2019. Data was collected from the medical records and the questionnaire designed to the study.ResultsThe mean age of the relatives was 60.8 years, with a sex-ratio of 1.6. The relatives included 20 fathers (62.5%), six wives (18.8%), three mothers (9.4%), and three sisters (9.4%). Among them, 37.5 % were illiterate; 37.5% lived in rural area. Fourteen participants (43.8%) had cited at least two possible causes of schizophrenia. The most frequently cited causes were emotional shock (81%) and god’s will or fate (72%) followed by witchcraft (37.7%). The belief of God’s will and fate was associated with poor compliance to treatment (p=0.06). The belief of supernatural cause was correlated to rural origin (p=0.000) and advanced age of participants (p=0.000).Significant correlation was also found between family history of mental disorders and beliefs on hereditary causes (p=0.000).ConclusionsThese results suggest that family members of patients suffering from schizophrenia need to be better informed about its main causes to improve both compliance to treatment and social integration of this patients.

Attitudes of relatives of patients with schizophrenia

IntroductionInvestigating family member’s attitudesabout schizophrenia is an important step in its management. They likely influence the family’s help-seeking decisions and affect both adherence with biomedical interventionsand social integration of the patients.ObjectivesDescribe families’ beliefs about the symptoms and the treatments of schizophrenia.MethodsWe led a transversal study including 32 relatives of patients with schizophrenia (DSM 5). We collected data for both patients andrelatives. We asked relatives to respond by “yes/no/I am not certain” to the questionnaireincluding items dealing with symptoms and optimal cures forschizophrenia.ResultsThe mean age of the relatives was 60.8 years; 71.9% were parents; 37.5% were illiterate; 46.9% reported having another family member with a mental disorder (MD) and 15.5% of relatives were able to label the term “schizophrenia”. Nine participants (28%) believed that the patient makes shame to the family’s member and 72% of them was convinced that patient is dangerous.The majority of participants (90.6%) provedthe need for drugs and 65.6% attested the utility of psychotherapies.However, they believed innon-medical practices such as reading Holy Koran verses (87.5%), charity and exorcism (62.5%). Family history of MD was correlated to traditional practices (p=0.038). The belief that patient is dangerous and that he makes shame were associated with advanced age of relatives (p=0.000 and 0.037 respectively). Significant correlationwas found betweennon medical practices and erratic follow-up (p=0.043).ConclusionsThis study points outthe need to improve the psychoeducation of family members of persons with schizophrenia.

The Effect of INDEL Polymorphism of the Human Leukocyte Antigen G (HLA-G) and the Season of Birth on the Risk of Schizophrenia and Its Clinical Features

By modulating the immunological relationship between the mother and the fetus, as well as interacting with various environmental factors, HLA-G plays an important role in the development of the brain of the embryo and is therefore considered as one of the risk factors for schizophrenia. We studied the relationship of INDEL HLA-G gene polymorphism with schizophrenia and its clinical features, taking into account the season of birth. The sample of patients included 1171 people with schizophrenia; the control group consisted of 575 mentally healthy people without a family history of mental disorders. The interaction of INDEL polymorphism and the season of birth was revealed. It has been found that, in men with the D/D genotype born in the summer, the risk of schizophrenia increases (OR = 1.95, 95% CI: 1.01–3.78). Our analysis has shown that the INDEL polymorphism does not interact with the season of birth as an environmental factor and does not affect the clinical features of schizophrenia: the age of onset of the disease and the severity of symptoms.

Facing the 'New Normal': How Adjusting to the Easing of COVID-19 Lockdown Restrictions Exposes Mental Health Inequalities

Background: Re-establishing societal norms in the wake of the COVID-19 pandemic will be important for restoring public mental health and psychosocial wellbeing as well as economic recovery. We investigated the impact on post-pandemic adjustment of a history of mental disorder, with particular reference to obsessive-compulsive (OC) symptoms or traits.&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; Methods: The study was pre-registered (Open Science Framework; https://osf.io/gs8j2/).&amp;nbsp;Adult members&amp;nbsp;of the public (n=514) were surveyed between July and November 2020, to identify the extent to which they reported difficulties re-adjusting as lockdown conditions eased. All were assessed using validated scales to determine which demographic and mental health-related factors impacted adjustment. An exploratory analysis of a subgroup on an objective online test of cognitive inflexibility was also performed.&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; Results: Adjustment was related to a history of mental disorder and the presence of OC symptoms and traits, all acting indirectly and statistically-mediated via depression, anxiety and stress; and in the case of OC symptoms, also via COVID-related anxiety (all p&amp;lt; .001).&amp;nbsp;One hundred and twenty-eight (25%) participants reported significant adjustment difficulties and were compared with those self-identifying as &ldquo;good adjusters&rdquo; (n=231). This comparison revealed over-representation of those with a history or family history of mental disorder in the poor adjustment category (all p&amp;lt;.05). &lsquo;Poor-adjusters&rsquo; additionally reported higher COVID-related anxiety, depression, anxiety and stress and OC symptoms and traits (all p&amp;lt; .05). Furthermore, history of mental disorder directly statistically mediated adjustment status (p&amp;lt; .01), whereas OC symptoms (not OC traits) acted indirectly via COVID-related anxiety (p&amp;lt; .001). Poor-adjusters also showed evidence of greater cognitive inflexibility on the intra-extra-dimensional set-shift task.&amp;nbsp; Conclusion: Individuals with a history of mental disorder, OC symptoms and OC traits experienced greater difficulties adjusting after lockdown-release, largely statistically mediated by increased depression, anxiety, including COVID-related anxiety, and stress. The&amp;nbsp;implications for clinical and public health policies and interventions are discussed. Funding: None to declare. Declaration of Interest: Prof. Naomi A. Fineberg declares that in the past 3 years she has held research or networking grants from the ECNP, UK NIHR, EU H2020, MRC, University of Hertfordshire; she has accepted travel and/or hospitality expenses from the BAP, ECNP, RCPsych, CINP, International Forum of Mood and Anxiety Disorders, World Psychiatric Association, Indian Association for Biological Psychiatry, Sun; she has received payment from Taylor and Francis and Elsevier for editorial duties. In the past 3 years, she has accepted a paid speaking engagement in a webinar sponsored by Abbott. Previously, she has accepted paid speaking engagements in various industry supported symposia and has recruited patients for various industry-sponsored studies in the field of OCD treatment. She leads an NHS treatment service for OCD. She holds Board membership for various registered charities linked to OCD. She gives expert advice on psychopharmacology to the UK MHRA. Prof. Samuel R. Chamberlain declares that his role in this research was funded by a Wellcome Trust Clinical Fellowship (110049/Z/15/Z &amp;amp; 110049/Z/15/A). Prof. Chamberlain previously consulted for Promentis (past 3 years) and receives a stipend from Elsevier for editorial work. Dr. Luca Pellegrini, Dr. David Wellsted, Natalie Hall, Prof. Ornella Corazza, Valentina Giorgetti, Dorotea Cicconcelli, Elena Theofanous, Nick Sireau, David Adam, Prof. Keith R. Laws report no financial relationships with commercial interests. Ethical Approval: The protocol and study objectives were pre-registered on 15th July 2020 (Open Science Framework; doi:10.17605/OSF.IO/GS8J2). Ethics approval was granted from the University of Hertfordshire (Ethics number: aLMS/SF/UH/04219).

THE ROLE OF ADVERSE CHILDREN’S EXPERIENCE IN THE DEVELOPMENT OF PSYCHOLOGICAL DISORDERS AMONG PARTICIPANTS IN ANTI-TERRORISM OPERATION

The aim: The sense of our research was to examine the reason for the consequential links between negative childhood experiences and the mental state of participants of anti-terrorist operations. Materials and methods: A standard "Adverse Childhood Experiences (ACEs)" questionnaire was used to obtain primary data. Conflict tactics scales were used to determine emotional, physical, and domestic violence in respondents. Results: The study evaluated 7 categories of ACEs: physical indifference (lack of care and protection); emotional neglect (lack of love); physical violence (pushing, grabbing or slapping); emotional violence (scolded, insulted or suppressed); sexual violence; domestic violence and a family history of mental disorders, diseases or alcohol abuse. All respondents were divided into two groups: those who had psychological disorders and those who were healthy. Conclusions: The data obtained in the study indicate that the chances of having psychological disorders increase in those fighters who complained of emotional violence - the feeling of humiliation; physical violence - those who were beaten in childhood; domestic violence was manifested in the fact that the mother was beaten; disadvantaged families where a family member has used drugs or abused alcohol; the presence of depression in parents.

Investigation and validation of magnetic resonance white matter atlas for 0 to 2 years old infants

Objective To construct and verify a standard template of white matter based on Chinese normal 0 to 2 years old infants by using nonlinear high registration accuracy of non-rigid diffeomorphism paradigm (large deformation diffeomorphic metric mapping, LDDMM). Methods Full-term spontaneous labor children without maternal pregnancy disease (hypertension, diabetes, etc.), intrauterine hypoxia and ischemia, head trauma, intracranial infection, intracranial surgery history, family history of mental disorders were selected. Diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) data from the 120 normal Chinese infants under 2 years old were acquired after excluding the existence of neurological diseases revealed by neurologists, radiologists and Gesell Developmental Scale. All the data were divided into six groups including group A: 1 day to 1.5 months, group B: 1.5 to 4.5 months, group C: 4.5 to 9.0 months, group D: 9 to 15 months, group E: 15 to 21 months, and group F: 21 to 24 months. Data pre-processing, normalizing, tensor fitting and calculation of all the images were performed by using MRlcron, DtiStudio, DiffeoMap and SPM software package combined with LDDMM image registration method based on the selected single template of each group. And the average templates of each group were constructed by MATLAB software platform. The set of templates included fractional anisotropy figure (FA), color map, T1 weighted image, b0 image and the mean of all DWfs figures. Results The templates of FA, T1, b0, DWfs and color map for the normal brain magnetic resonance white matter development of the Chinese infants aged 0 to 2 years were successfully established with the subjective scores exceeding 2 points. The objective evaluation root mean squared error was controlled below 0.19, and the cubic chart of brain alternation trend for the children aged 0 to 2 years was consistent with previous literature. Conclusion Constructing a standard template of white matter based on Chinese normal infants, by using nonlinear high registration accuracy of non-rigid diffeomorphism paradigm provides not only a foundation of further research on brain development, mechanism and treatment of pediatric diseases associated with brain, but also objective and fair imaging information for medical education and research.