Family Difficulties Research Articles

Clinicians' perceptions of family involvement in the treatment of persons with psychotic disorders: a nested qualitative study.

Family involvement in mental health care ranges from basic practices to complex interventions such as Family psychoeducation, the latter being a well-documented treatment for psychotic disorders. The aim of this study was to explore clinicians' perceptions of the benefits and disadvantages of family involvement, including possible mediating factors and processes. Nested in a randomised trial, which purpose was to implement Basic family involvement and support and Family psychoeducation in Norwegian community mental health centres during 2019-2020, this qualitative study is based on eight focus groups with implementation teams and five focus groups with ordinary clinicians. Using a purposive sampling strategy and semi-structured interview guides, focus groups were audio-recorded, transcribed verbatim, and analysed with reflexive thematic analysis. Four main themes were identified as perceived benefits: (1) Family psychoeducation-a concrete framework, (2) Reducing conflict and stress, (3) A triadic understanding, and (4) Being on the same team. Themes 2-4 formed an interconnected triad of mutually reinforcing elements and were further linked to three important clinician-facilitated sub-themes: a space for relatives' experiences, emotions and needs; a space for patients and relatives to discuss sensitive topics and an open line of communication between clinician and relative. Although far less frequent, three main themes were identified as perceived disadvantages or challenges: (1) Family psychoeducation-occasional poor model fit or difficulties following the framework, (2) Getting more involved than usual, and (3) Relatives as a potentially negative influence-important nonetheless. The findings contribute to the understanding of the beneficial processes and outcomes of family involvement, as well as the critical role of the clinician in achieving these and possible challenges. They could also be used to inform future quantitative research on mediating factors and implementation efforts.

On the Home-School Co-education in the Employment of College Students from Economically Disadvantaged Families

The successful employment of college graduates, the development of people’s livelihood and people’s happiness index are vitally interrelated. The smooth employment of college graduates also closely related to the socialist modernization. Specifically, the employment of students with financial difficulties in families needs extra attention from schools, families and society. The good employment of these students has a key role in promoting the stability of people’s life and social progress. The home-school co-education plays an important role in promoting the employment of students from economically disadvantaged families in colleges. With the efforts of the school, parents and student counselors to guide students to establish a scientific and proper employment concept, we can further help students with financial difficulties in families to choose a career successfully, which has a facilitating role for students’ personal growth and the realization of life value.

Maternal psychological functioning mediates the association between infant behavior and subsequent child psychological functioning

Symptoms of psychopathology that onset during childhood are often more severe, chronic, and difficult to treat than symptoms that first appear later in life. Maternal psychological symptoms are associated with the development of psychological symptoms in children. However, less research focuses on whether children’s behaviors may presage maternal psychological difficulties that, in turn, contribute to the child’s own psychological functioning. Identifying psychological difficulties in families and intervening in early life may lower risk for intergenerational transmission of subsequent psychological symptoms. Even at non-clinical or normative levels, exploring transactional models of parent-child behavior and psychological functioning may provide insight into the development of later psychological difficulties or symptoms within families. Thus, the current study examined whether difficult infant behavior (e.g., fussiness, unpredictability) is associated with future maternal psychological difficulties and subsequently, the child’s own psychological functioning in early childhood. The current sample includes 847 dyads from a multi-wave birth cohort in England (‘Born in Bradford’), who identified as predominantly non-White (62.2%) and socioeconomically diverse. Mothers reported on their child’s behaviors at 6 months, their own psychological functioning during pregnancy and at 18 months postpartum, and their child’s psychological functioning at age 3. Results of a mediation model revealed that the association between infant behavior at 6 months and child psychological functioning at 3 years is partially explained by maternal psychological functioning at 18 months, even after accounting for psychological difficulties during pregnancy, maternal age at birth, child sex, family income, and ethnicity. Post-hoc exploratory analyses revealed that the association between infant behavior, maternal psychological functioning, and subsequent child psychological functioning was significant for Pakistani British families but not White British families. These findings provide preliminary evidence that infant behaviors (e.g., temperament) may presage future maternal psychological difficulties and subsequent child psychological functioning, above and beyond previous maternal psychological functioning. Importantly, these results highlight infant behavior as a potential catalyst for later psychological difficulties within families.

Factors associated with fear of COVID-19 infection in people living with HIV

People living with HIV (PLHIV) who may have experienced biographical disruptions in their life trajectory may have a vulnerability to risk that differs from the general population, particularly in the context of an infectious health crisis. This study aimed to understand the factors associated with concerns about being infected with COVID-19 among PLHIV during the first period of the health crisis. This was an online cross-sectional study using an online self-administered questionnaire in the context of the COVID-19 epidemic in France among a population of PLHIV. The recruitment was done via social networks and through various actors in the fight against HIV. The self-questionnaire was available from July 2020 to September 2020. The ACOVIH study collected 249 responses, 202 men and 47 women, with a mean age of 46.6 ± 12.9 years. The most represented socio-professional categories were employees (n=73.29%), followed by managers, professionals and artists (n=59.24%). The PLHIV most worried about being infected by COVID-19 had a level of education lower than or equal to the baccalaureate, family difficulties related to HIV and a deterioration in the relationship of trust with the HIV medical team. Feelings of anxiety can have a health and psychosocial impact on PLHIV. It is necessary to consider these negative factors by proposing adapted support and by carrying out preventive actions aiming in particular at improving the literacy of the PLHIV.

The Resilience Families of Indonesian Migrant Workers (PMI)

Migrant laborers from Indonesia have both beneficial and negative effects. This research aims to uncover the characteristics that impact family resilience among migrant workers from Indonesia. This form of research is qualitative and employs a literature review methodology. PMI family issues include a lifestyle of excessive consumption, family discord, parenting, and kid development. There is a shift in the family structure when a woman or husband becomes an Indonesian migrant worker. In this situation, the husband assumes the conventional tasks of the wife, such as childrearing and education; meanwhile, the woman is unable to fulfill the intangible rights and duties (inner life) of their marriage. This is a difficult situation for immigrant families. Intensifying long-distance contact between PMI and their families is the answer to their family troubles. This is to prevent putting the family at risk. Family functions are optimized to the greatest extent possible. In addition, participation and assistance from numerous stakeholders are required. Family watchdog institutions may give PMI family children financial literacy and parenting aid.
 Keywords: family, resilience, migrant workers

Foundations by Karin Speedy

Reviewed by: Foundations by Karin Speedy Heather Goodall Foundations. By Karin Speedy. Lower Hutt: Karin Speedy, 2022. This is an engaging and evocative work of creative non-fiction. Karin Speedy has cryptically described it in her cover notes as a “memoir/literary nonfiction novel.” The book depicts episodes of her life—at different ages—and intersperses them with her analyses of the situations she was researching. This is certainly memoir, but Speedy takes us further, disrupting chronological progressions with juxtaposition, shifting narrative voices and contrasting styles. This agility allows Speedy’s book to remain lucid and accessible while it draws the reader in. Foundations tells at least four stories, weaving them together so they are in conversation—sometimes disturbingly, often movingly—with each other. One story is a family history, across a number of generations of migrancy and colonialism, told through the eyes of Speedy as a young person growing up within a difficult family relationship in Auckland, Aotearoa. Beyond this troubled nuclear family, there is her far longer genealogical search across the myths and secrets which so often shroud settler family histories. Only on the final pages—and after the penultimate book manuscript had been completed—do we, and the author herself, learn a key fact which offers an answer to one of these family myths. That long family history is related to the second major narrative of this book, which is the colonial history of Aotearoa New Zealand—the invasion and then the theft of whenua—Māori land—through military force and the deceptive versions of the Waitangi treaty. This Aotearoa colonial history necessitates telling part of the story of British colonialism in Australia and across the Pacific, although most attention is on Aotearoa. Yet another major narrative is about the French empire, itself a fragmented story with many foci. In this book, one focus is on the colonies in the Pacific, particularly Kanaky New Caledonia where Speedy has researched, but also Tahiti. Another focus is on the colonies near the east coast of Africa—Reunion and Mauritius. A third is on the colonies in the Americas, both in Canada and in Louisiana. Most of these French colonies have Indigenous, settler and enslaved populations—with African enslaved people transferred to the Americas, the Indian Ocean and, post-emancipation, to the Pacific colonies as well—and with metropolitan France intervening in the interactions between each population in and between each colony. The second and third of these stories—the colonial history of Aotearoa to the present and the entangled histories of colonies and metropole in the French Empire—open up challenges for readers who, like me, are historians working largely within one empire. I have looked at very different colonies within the British Empire, namely Australia and India, as well as exploring the tensions between the diverse and often conflicting groups within each of those colonies. And because there are such complex situations to explore, even within any colony, it has been tempting to work only on one empire. My recent work, published as Beyond Borders: Indians, Australians and the Indonesian Revolution, 1939–1950 (2019), forced me to gain a much better grasp of Dutch colonialism, and the bitter decolonisation of the Netherlands East Indies. I was disturbed to realise how little I had known about the Dutch Empire, despite the geographic proximity of the Netherlands East Indies to Australia; despite the conflicts, in which Australians had been involved, in South Africa between the British and the formerly Dutch settlers, known as Boers, in the Boer War at the turn of the twentieth century and, finally, despite the Dutch retreat to Australia during the Japanese invasion from 1942 to 1945 and beyond. Recognising Australia’s place as a South Pacific Island—as I work on the relationships between First Nations people, including Indigenous Australians, in the Nuclear Free and Independent Pacific campaign—I have paid much more active attention to the French Empire. Here my knowledge has proved to be even less adequate than in relation to the Dutch colonial impact. One dimension of my failure to know more about the histories of both Dutch and French colonialism has been my monolingualism—and the false sense of confidence...

Words Are for the Birds: The Transformative Role of Word Study in Eudora Welty's The Shoe Bird

In the early 1960s, as she was attempting to complete Losing Battles, Eudora Welty began work on her only children's book, The Shoe Bird. Familial and financial difficulties, including her mother's failing health and the need for a new roof for the Welty house, prompted her to write the book for the promise of a $5000 advance from Harcourt, Brace and World. Due to the poor reception it received from some reviewers and the doubts Welty herself expressed about its quality, The Shoe Bird often remains overlooked and undervalued as a part of Welty's collected works. This essay is to reassess the significance of The Shoe Bird in relation to Welty's personal life and literary career by examining her correspondence related to The Shoe Bird alongside the first and second typescript drafts of the text. This study reveals a more complete and complex narrative of the crafting of the book, a journey that complements the children's story itself as they both reflect a struggle for freedom found through the power of language to prompt curiosity, courage, understanding, and love.

The Worlds We Leave Behind by A. F. Harrold

Reviewed by: The Worlds We Leave Behind by A. F. Harrold Adam McConville Harrold, A. F. The Worlds We Leave Behind; illus. by Levi Pinfold. Bloomsbury, 2023 [256p] Trade ed. ISBN 9781547610952 $17.99 E-book ed. ISBN 9781547610969 $12.59 Reviewed from digital galleys R Gr 5-8 Hex didn’t mean to make the little girl fall off the rope swing—the stone he threw was meant for his friend, Tommo—but now she’s lying in the creek, her arm broken. While Tommo rushes to get help, Hex flees the scene, leaving behind a mysterious old woman and dog that only he could see. What follows as the week unfolds is a cautionary tale of consequences and revenge, but also new possibilities, as Hex, Tommo, and the little girl’s older sister, Maria, become tangled in the web of a reality-shifting entity. Harrold hones in on the emotional stakes of late adolescence in this British import, with characters struggling to take accountability for their [End Page 224] impulsive actions as they leave childhood behind. Shifting perspectives coupled with third-person omniscient writing keep readers attuned to familial difficulties and emotional conflicts as the five days progress, making retributory punches and magical bargains for revenge understandable, if not justifiable. The message of forgiveness isn’t subtle, but it’s packaged in a well-delivered tragedy; while all the characters grow from their mistakes, the ends they meet are not always happy. Pin-fold’s stark, black-and-white illustrations sell the tone, lending an ominous feeling to mundane scenes of English neighborhoods that give way to gnarled woods and hair-raising encounters with the villain. The reveal of sci-fi elements in the third act will surprise those primed for a trickster fantasy, but genre-flexible readers who enjoyed the darkly folkloric tone of Paradise Sands (BCCB 11/22) will find shivers, philosophical musings, and an ambiguous ending on offer here. Copyright © 2023 The Board of Trustees of the University of Illinois

DISRUPTIVE IRRITABILITY & FAMILY DYSFUNCTION CORRELATION: ANALYSIS THROUGH FAMILY DRAWINGS

IntroductionDrawing represents mainly a motor activity of expression. Drawing represents a form of non-verbal language that is very important both cognitively and affectively. Therefore, it allows to hypothesise and evaluate the degree of neurodevelopment of individuals as well as their level of interaction with the environment.Family sketches can be evaluated in a projective, neurocognitive and affective way to provide insights on the attachment system, degree of bonding, communication, social and affect interaction as well as difficulties or problems that have motivated emergency consultation.ObjectivesThis study evaluate the possible correlation between family dysfunction and irritability as cause of request of consultation in an emergency department of mental health in child & adolescents through the analysis of family drawings.MethodsThis is a retrospective, observational study of correlation between the reasons of emergency consultations, dysfunctional irritability and family difficulties represented through family drawing. It is based on a randomised sample of 30 reports of emergency appointments of children between 8 to 13 years old that have been examined in the Child & Adolescent Psychiatry Emergency Department at the Pitié Salpêtrière Hospital during two years for Emotional or Irritability dysfunction.An adaptation of both Goodenough-Harris Drawing projective test and Corman test were used to evaluate findings from family drawings as well as neurocognitive parameters of drawing technics, sociodemographic dates, cognitive level and family dysfunction.ResultsThe degree of cohesion, identification and devaluation of adult figures have been important elements of interpretation in irritability dysfunction and family drawings.ConclusionsThe family environment could be a factor in the interpretation of chronic irritability and its manifestations on the child’s family drawings establish a clear correlation.The adapted assessment of the family drawing could be an important tool in the nosological exploration of children’s mental health in emergency, especially on relational systemic representation and symbolization.Disclosure of InterestNone Declared

Childhood Traditions and Difficulties of Syrian Families under Temporary Protection in Turkey: War, Immigration, and Children

The fact that people move to another country to protect their families brings with it many difficulties. The purpose of this research is to analyze the child-rearing traditions and difficulties of a Syrian family under temporary protection with a preschool child and to reveal their experiences. The population of this research consists of the province of Kilis. Its participants are refugee families with preschool children who fled the civil war in Syria and came to Turkey. These interviews were held to gather information about the participants' social life before the war, the war period, the time of migration, settling in Turkey and child education. The codes were created by analyzing the content of the collected data, one of the qualitative analysis methods, and the codes were combined under the themes. As a result of the analysis of the data, the research findings; were gathered under four main themes: pre-war, war and migration, integration of refugee families to Turkey and child education and broken families. The research findings were discussed with the relevant studies in the literature, and suggestions were made in line with the findings.

Romantic relationship satisfaction and coparenting quality in families with children previously diagnosed with developmental delay

Children with developmental delay (DD) are at increased risk for behavioral difficulties. Past research has indicated that behavioral problems can interact with other parental difficulties in families of children with DD. To date, no research has explored the moderating role of marital satisfaction in the relationship between child behavioral difficulties and coparenting quality in families of children with DD. The purpose of this study was to undertake such an examination in a sample of 56 families with school-aged children previously identified with DD. To test the hypothesis that marital satisfaction moderates the relation between child behavior problems and coparenting disagreement, a hierarchical multiple regression analysis was conducted for mothers and fathers, respectively. Results demonstrated child problem behaviors predicted coparenting problems for fathers only, and that child problem behaviors interacted with marital satisfaction to predict coparenting difficulties for fathers but not mothers. Findings suggest that marital satisfaction may attenuate the effects of behavior problems on the coparenting relationship for fathers. Study implications and future directions are discussed.

The Effect of Career Development, Performance of Buru Regency Food Security Service Government Employees

Career development can be realized if planned properly, there are opportunities for promotion, motivational support is carried out by the leadership, awards, opportunities for growth and promotion for an employee Career development has an influence relationship with Employee Performance Employee performance can be measured and realized in the target achieved maximally with the support of the ability to complete the work carefully and good cooperation is established in the supervision of the help each other in overcoming various problems and difficulties in an atmosphere family and the support of colleagues in working in implementing determined decisions. Career development has an influence relationship with employee performance at the Buru District Food Security Service. How big is the relationship and The significance of career policy on performance is the aim of this study. The research was carried out at the Food Security Office of Buru Regency. Data sources are primary and secondary data. The analytical tool used is Linear Regression Simple Y= a + bx - e get the equation of function Y = 38.735-239X+...e The hypothesis which states that Career Development has an effect significant effect on employee performance at the Buru District Food Security Service not accepted. Based on the hypothesis test (Parisial-t-test) t- hitmg>t-tb (0.486 < 1.73406) then the hypothesis is rejected and it is found that Career Development has an effect not significant to the performance of employees at the District Food Security Service Buru,

ETHICS GAP IN ADOLESCENTS’ ONLINE COMMUNICATION

The results of contemporary Internet communication studies often conclude that the Internet environment contributes to formation of such attitudes and behavioral patterns as aggressive behavior, verbal abuse, fraud, trolling, bullying and etc. To describe this phenomenon C. James uses the term “the Ethics gap” and refers the loss of sensitivity to the moral and ethical aspects of behavior to it. The aim is to identify to what extent adolescents rely on e-communication and what its content is. From March to June, , an empirical study on the specifi cs of digital socialization of adolescents was conducted on the basis of MSUPE. The study focused on the aspects of online communication among adolescents and included  participants at the age from  to  years. Besides the questionnaire aimed at fi guring out the goals, preferences, potential threats and consequences of adolescents’ online communication and self-disclosure the study included The Problematic Social Networks Use Scale (Sirota N.A, et al, ). Due to the scale results two groups were determined and compared: and  teenagers with low and high levels of problematic use, accordingly. The study fi xed that girls as well as teenagers from one-parent or troubled families are more likely to use social media problematically. The data demonstrate that the majority of adolescents comply with ethical norms of behavior while using social networks. However, violations of moral principles are more common among adolescents with a high level of problematic social media use. They practice obscene language and offensive jokes twice as actively. They are more likely to become victims to online derogatory actions and abuse. More than a half of them experience negative emotions (anger, irritation, pain and annoyance) when they are criticized. At the same time, a third of them listen to the opinions of others and try to work at themselves.

Family trouble as a factor of juvenile delinquency

Family trouble as a factor of juvenile delinquency

Эмоциональный интеллект и эмпатические способности психолога-консультанта в работе с проблемными семьями

We consider the influence of emotional intelligence and empathic abilities level in counseling therapists on the satisfaction with the quality of family counseling among clients from dysfunctional families. The study involved 26 counseling therapists working in counseling centers in Moscow, as well as 70 family members who sought advice on family difficulties. The effectiveness of counseling and customer satisfaction is influenced by both the method chosen by the consultant to solve the family issue, and the dialogical interaction between consultants and clients, which characterizes the qualitative side of the therapeutic alliance. The role of specific characteristics of emotional intelligence and empathy among counseling therapists contributing to the establishment of a therapeutic alliance has been established. The results of the study showed a positive correlation between customer satisfaction with counseling and the ability of a therapist to control his emotions and manage the emotions of clients, as well as the flexible use of rational and emotional channels of empathy, which allows coping with difficulties in the counseling process. Conclusions are drawn about the need to include trainings for the development of these qualities in the professional training of counseling therapists, since existing educational standards focus mainly on the “technical” side of counseling, ignoring the basic psychological basis for the success of working with members of problem families – the skillful establishment of psychological contact and the development of trusting relationships with people who had different goals and positions in a protracted conflict and unwilling to take responsibility for its resolution.

Use of telemental health for VA family services before and during the COVID-19 pandemic.

Military veterans experiencing relationship or family difficulties are able to access family services (i.e., couple and family therapy) through the Veterans Affairs (VA) Health Care System. Although family services have historically been provided face-to-face (F2F), the COVID-19 pandemic necessitated a sudden shift to the provision of care via telemental health, which includes videoconferencing (TMH-V) or audio-only phone appointments. This study demonstrated an unprecedented 16-fold increase in the number of TMH-V appointments for family services in VA during the first 9 months of the pandemic. The present study also examined demographic, mental health, and military variables associated with TMH-V utilization before and during the pandemic using a large national VA data set of 13,344 veterans who were referred to couple or family therapy from October 2017 through December 2020. Logistic regression was used to evaluate predictors of having any appointments via TMH-V before and during COVID-19, respectively, as well as predictors of having 50% or more of family service appointments via TMH-V versus phone versus face-to-face appointments during the COVID-19 era. Pre-COVID predictors of TMH-V utilization were limited to obsessive-compulsive disorder diagnosis and history of psychiatric hospitalization, suggesting that TMH-V usage was largely related to clinical indications. In the COVID-19 era, older and rural veterans were less likely to attend appointments via TMH-V than younger and suburban/urban veterans, while Hispanic veterans were more likely to do so than non-Hispanic veterans. The findings from the present study may aid efforts to ensure equity in access to care among veterans in the VA Health Care System. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2023 APA, all rights reserved).

Особливості соціально-педагогічної роботи з дітьми-сиротами та дітьми, позбавленими батьківського піклування, в соціальному гуртожитку

The scientific article presents the results of a meaningful analysis of the features of social and pedagogical support of orphans and children deprived of parental care in the conditions of a social dormitory. It was determined that the social hostel belongs to the general system of specialized institutions and formations of the state maintenance of youth of Ukraine, the activities of which allow to ensure the fulfillment of state tasks to overcome the consequences of family troubles – social orphanhood, violence in the family, the spread of deviant and delinquent behavior, alcohol and drug addiction dependencies A social pedagogue in a social hostel is a social work specialist who implements specific functions of social assistance, social support, accompaniment and control of young people living in a social service institution. The most effective and appropriate forms and methods of socio-pedagogical work in a social dormitory are: individual and group conversations, conversations with elements of training, role-playing games, theatrical forms of work, viewing and discussion of social films and videos, modeling and consideration of various life situations, development resolution of conflict situations that are of a personal nature, street work, street actions, street procession.

Transtorno do Espectro Autista infantil e os desafios familiares: revisão integrativa de literatura

Childhood autism involves significant changes in the areas of socialization, cognition and communication, with conditions that are often persistent and severe. These have great individual variation and very often require intense care from parents or family members, long and permanent periods of full-time dedication. The study aimed to investigate in the literature the described challenges involving the diagnosis of autism spectrum disorder and its impacts on family relationships. This is an integrative literature review that used the SCIELO and LILACS databases for data collection. Through the Health Sciences Descriptors, the terms “Autism Spectrum Disorder”, “Diagnosis” and “Family Relations'' were used for the search, with the first term being crossed with the others. The inclusion criteria were full-text articles , published in Portuguese, English and Spanish, in the last seven years (2015 to 2021). The first search registered a finding of 115 articles in the LILACS database and 22 articles in the SCIELO database. After applying the inclusion criteria and exclusion, a total of 5 articles was reached. Data analysis indicated that the diagnosis can significantly affect the behavior of the family and their relationships in coping with the difficulties of dealing with the symptoms. The improvement of the social support and care network with diagnosed children and their families can reduce everyday family difficulties.

Окремі аспекти співвідношення причин та наслідків шкільної дезадаптації

The article highlights different interpretations of the causes of the occurrence and development of school maladjustment in children of primary school age. Within the framework of the concept of "introduction to the disease", maladaptation is considered as a transitional, pre-pathological state, the main difference of which is the lack of clear grounds for establishing a nosological diagnosis. The development of the disease can go through the stage of various dysfunctions, extremely uncertain in terms of prognosis and nosological affiliation, and most often reversible. The stage of such dysfunctions is considered as maladaptation, that is, as one of the intermediate states of human health in the continuum from normal to pathology, closest to the clinical manifestations of the disease. Such states are characterized by the increased readiness of the body for the occurrence of one or another disease, which is formed under the influence of various adverse factors, both exogenous and endogenous. In the context of the chosen problem, the greatest risk is the moment the child enters school and the period of the primary level of assimilation of the requirements presented by the new social situation. However, the same symptoms can appear when describing the widest spectrum of mental disorders: from extreme variants of the norm (accentuation of character, patho-characteristic personality formation) and borderline disorders (neuroses, neurotic-like and psychopathic states, residual organic disorders) to severe mental illnesses.This allows us to list the main identified factors that are potential causes of school failure: deficiencies in preparing a child for school, socio-pedagogical neglect; prolonged and severe mental deprivation; somatic weakness of the child; violation of the formation of individual mental functions and cognitive processes; violation of the formation of school skills; family troubles; emotional disorders. Solving the problem of school maladjustment is impossible without studying the entire complex of difficulties that arise in a child and the mutual influence of factors affecting him at school.

Features of the religious education of a child in the family based on the views of V. Zinkivsky

Modern conditions of life remove the child from religious upbringing in the family, since all Orthodox upbringing is completely contained in the general rule of Christian life: the Spirit of peace will prevail, and thousands around you will be saved. On the contrary, the father’s desire to have a pedagogical manual in his hands and be guided by it in relation to his son or daughter is a sign of how artificial parental religiosity is, how impoverished is the personal attitude towards children and the spirit of love, which is the true essence of the patriarchal tradition, the center of all Orthodox spirituality. The purpose of the research is to determine the peculiarities of the religious upbringing of children and youth in the pedagogical heritage of V. Zinkivskyi, based on the analysis and literature, as well as archival sources. Research methods: hermeneutic (for studying and commenting on pedagogical ideas of V. Zenkivskyi); phenomenological (for the objective disclosure of historical facts); biographical (for studying the creative work of a scientist); synergistic (to determine changes in the evolution of the teacher’s views); paradigmatic (to characterize the religious and pedagogical ideas of V. Zenkivskyi); comparative-historical (to reveal and compare pedagogical-historical ideas); bibliographic (for analysis and archival and library funds). The work presents arguments in favor of strengthening the religious component of family upbringing of children. Based on the views of V. Zenkivskyi, it was noted that it is necessary to establish and strengthen the spiritual connection of children with their parents. For this purpose, V. Zinkivskyi suggests constant communication with children, involving them in the world of family worries and difficulties, assigning responsible and urgent tasks, generally involving children in active work for the family. If they are not under compulsion, but go for it themselves, then with a properly created spiritual atmosphere, it is not difficult to achieve this. A family can give religious education to its children, but for this it must itself acquire the religious power that is communicated to it in the sacrament of marriage. Beyond this, only the socio-psychological reality of the family remains, and its religious-ontological basis is hidden in an inacces- sible depth, and therefore children grow without involvement in spirituality, which contains the necessary forces for their growth. According to V. Zinkivskyi, the problem of religious education in the family is the problem of returning the family itself to its religious basis. Religious upbringing of children is carried out mainly by personal example and a prayerful atmosphere of love in the home.