Family Climate Research Articles

Childhood Anxiety - The Role of Parenting: A Review

This article intends to review the influences of parenting on the development of childhood anxiety disorders. The literature cites acceptance of anxious behaviours as a parental behaviour that mitigates childhood clinical anxiety. Alternatively, controlling parental behaviours, and modelling of controlling parental behaviours are associated with high clinical anxiety in children. Some parental climates that exaggerate a child’s psychological arousal may instill negative perceptions in the maintenance of an anxiety disorder. The article also looks into stress-mediated pathways that explain how an anxious familial climate may result in a child ‘inducing’ anxiety. Recent developmental psychopathology perspectives consider causal relationships in development, maintenance and persistence of anxiety disorders. Furthermore, the Craske model provides a real-life application of the developmental psychopathology perspective to explain the role of parenting in childhood anxiety. Current limitations and research gaps in the literature pertaining to the influences of parenting in childhood anxiety disorders are also discussed.

Adult quality of life patterns and trajectories during the COVID-19 pandemic in Germany.

Early investigations of subjective well-being responses to the COVID-19 pandemic indicated average deterioration but also high variability related to vulnerability of population groups and pandemic phase. Thus, we aimed to gain new insights into the characteristics of certain groups and their differences in subjective well-being response patterns over time. First, we performed Latent Class Analyses with baseline survey data of 2,137 adults (mean age = 40.98, SD = 13.62) derived from the German CORONA HEALTH APP Study to identify subgroups showing similarity of a comprehensive set of 50 risk and protective factors. Next, we investigated the course of quality of life (QoL) as an indicator of subjective well-being grouped by the identified latent classes from July 2020 to July 2021 based on monthly and pandemic phase averaged follow-up survey data by means of Linear Mixed-Effects Regression Modeling. We identified 4 latent classes with distinct indicators and QoL trajectories (resilient, recovering, delayed, chronic) similar to previous evidence on responses to stressful life events. About 2 out of 5 people showed a resilient (i.e., relative stability) or recovering pattern (i.e., approaching pre-pandemic levels) over time. Absence of depressive symptoms, distress, needs or unhealthy behaviors and presence of adaptive coping, openness, good family climate and positive social experience were indicative of a resilient response pattern during the COVID-19 pandemic. The presented results add knowledge on how to adapt and enhance preparedness to future pandemic situations or similar societal crises by promoting adaptive coping, positive thinking and solidary strategies or timely low-threshold support offers.Supplementary InformationThe online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s12144-022-03628-4.

Buffering Effect of Perseverance and Meditation on Depression among Medical Students Experiencing Negative Family Climate.

Background and objective: Thirty percent of Thai medical students experienced depression. Two of the crucial factors related to depression involved borderline personality disorder symptoms and adverse family experiences, while positive strengths were documented to prevent depression. This study aimed to investigate the role of perseverance and meditation on depression; Methods: Two hundred and forty−three medical student participants completed the following measurements: the core symptom index (CSI−D) to measure depression, the family climate questionnaire to measure family experience, the personality disorder questionnaire to measure borderline personality disorder symptoms, and the inner strength−based inventory to measure perseverance and meditation. In the analysis, depression served as an outcome, adverse family climate as a predictor and borderline personality disorder symptoms as a mediator. In contrast, perseverance and meditation were moderators in the mediation model. Mediation and moderation analysis using PROCESS was applied for testing the direct and indirect effects; Results: Among all, 49.38% were male, and the mean age was 22.76 years. Borderline personality disorder symptoms significantly mediated the relationship between adverse family climate and depression, B = 0.0608 (95%CI, 0.0301 to 0.1052). The variance explained by the mediation model was 43%. Meditation moderated the relationship between adverse family climate and borderline personality symptoms, whereas perseverance and meditation were found to be significant moderators for borderline personality disorder symptoms and depression. With two moderators in the mediation model, the indirect effect index was B = 0.0072 (95%CI, 0.0002 to 0.0160). The 49% of variances of depression were explained by the moderated mediation model; Conclusion: Borderline personality disorder symptoms are a crucial variable involving depression. Meditation practice has been demonstrated to be a buffer between negative family climate to borderline personality disorder symptoms and depressive symptoms, whereas perseverance buffers the effect of borderline personality disorder symptoms of depression. Further research on cultivating meditation and perseverance should be encouraged among those with negative family experiences.

ADHD and dangerous driving in emerging adults: The moderating role of family climate for road safety

Dangerous driving accounts for 95% of driving fatalities among emerging adults. Emerging adult drivers exhibiting symptoms of Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) are at greater risk for motor vehicle crashes and engaging in unsafe driving practices; however, not all individuals with ADHD symptoms exhibit such risk. Several studies have found that drivers’ perceptions of their family’s values and priorities related to driving practices predict driving outcomes among emerging adults; these factors have not been examined in the context of ADHD symptomology. We examined family climate for road safety as a moderator of ADHD symptoms and dangerous driving behaviors in a sample of college students. A total of 4,392 participants completed surveys measuring self-reported ADHD symptoms, dangerous driving behavior, and family climate for road safety. Results indicated that higher levels of parental feedback weakened the relation between ADHD symptoms and aggressive driving; higher levels of parental monitoring strengthened this relationship. Higher levels of parental monitoring strengthened the association between ADHD symptoms and negative emotion while driving. When participants perceived their parents as having high levels of noncommitment to road safety, the association between ADHD symptoms and self-reported risky driving increased. Higher levels of open communication about unsafe driving attenuated the relation between ADHD and risky driving. Overall, some but not all components of family climate for road safety appear to affect the relation between ADHD symptoms and dangerous driving in the expected direction.

Family Structure and Family Climate in Relation to Health and Socioeconomic Status for Older Adults: A Longitudinal Moderated Mediation Analysis.

Family characteristics are associated with individuals’ health and wellbeing. However, the link between family structure (e.g., operationalized via marital status) and health outcomes is ambiguous, and whether family climate mediates the relationship is unclear. This study uses the Biobehavioral Family Model (BBFM) to investigate the association of older adults’ family structure with later health, the mediating role of family climate and mental health and how these links vary by socioeconomic status (SES). Using data from n = 29,457 respondents aged over 50 in Waves 4, 5 and 6 (2011, 2013 and 2015) of the Survey of Health, Retirement and Ageing in Europe (SHARE), the BBFM was applied in a longitudinal mediation analysis of family structure and health, including both indicators of mental and physical health. Structural equation modeling was applied, and a multigroup analysis was performed to test the role of SES in a moderated mediation. Family climate and mental health mediated the relationship between family structure and subsequent physical health. Good levels of family climate were found to be consistently associated with improved mental and physical health. These relationships were significantly moderated by SES, showing that the association of family climate and health was weaker for those in low SES positions. Family climate and mental health should be considered as potential mechanisms linking family structure to later physical health outcomes across time; however, these associations are diminished for those with low SES.

An analysis of family climate and methods of coping with psychological stress among female students

This study aimed to identify the relationship between family climate and methods of coping with psychological stress among female students at Al-Balqa Applied University, Jordan, and their relationship to the variable of specialisation. The study was conducted on a sample consisting of 300 female university students at Al-Balqa Applied University. They were randomly selected, and the study used a survey method for data collection. After statistically analysing the collected data, it was observed that there is a positive statistically significant correlation between family climate and the methods of coping with psychological stress in addition to having statistically significant differences in the mean scores of methods of coping with psychological stress among female students in the study sample according to specialisation (scientific or humanistic), in favour of scientific specialisation. Accordingly, the study recommended working to spread the concept of a healthy family climate among parents within the family. Keywords: Family climate, psychological pressures, stress, women

Emotional Fatigue and family climate and their relationship Among parents of people with special needs

The present research aims to know the level of emotional Fatigue and the family climate Among parents of people with special needs, as well as to identify the significance of differences according to the type of variable (males - females), as well as the correlation between the two variables, and in order to verify this, the researchers have built a measure of emotional Fatigue The number of paragraphs in its final version (23) paragraphs, as well as the construction of the family climate scale, where the number of paragraphs in its final version (33) paragraphs, has been confirmed psychometric characteristics and the tools were applied to a sample of (120) parents, by (53) males and (67) females, selected from (10) institutes and care centers J Baghdad province for the year 2019 showed the following search results 1. The research sample parents of people with special needs with special needs has emotional Fatigue . 2. There are no statistically significant differences between (males and females) in emotional Fatigue . 3. The research sample parents of people with special needs have a positive family climate. 4. There are no statistically significant differences between (males and females) in the family climate. 5. The results of statistical analysis showed that there is no significant correlation between the current research variables emotional Fatigue and the family climate among parents of people with special needs.

Effectiveness of a Multimodal Intervention on Social Climate (School and Family) and Performance in Mathematics of Children with Attention Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder

This study analyzes the differential efficacy of a multimodal versus pharmacological intervention in isolation to improve the social climate (school and family) and the performance in mathematics of a sample of 20 children with ADHD aged 7 to 9 years. The multimodal intervention was based on a training program for 20 parents and 20 teachers in the management of ADHD during a school year, in combination with stimulant medication. The results evidenced the superiority of the multimodal intervention compared to the isolated pharmacological intervention to improve various variables of the family climate (Cohesion; Expressiveness; Autonomy and Control), of the school climate (Help; Tasks; Competitiveness; Organization, Clarity and Control), as well as their academic performance in the curricular area of mathematics. Our findings support the need to intervene in the significant contexts in which children with ADHD develop in order to improve their quality of life.

The relationship between social media addiction and family climate of the pharmacy faculty students in the shade of the COVID-19 pandemic

The aim of this study is to investigate the relationship between social media addiction and family climate in the shade of the COVID-19 pandemic. In addition, social media addiction was studied according to demographical features as the sub-goals of the study. The research group comprised 364 university students of the pharmacy faculty. Data were collected with the demographical information form, social media addiction scale and family climate scale. The results showed that there were negative correlations found between social media addiction and cognitive cohesion sub-dimension of family climate. But only cognitive cohesion predicted social media addiction significantly. Also, the findings indicated that the using ratios of social media accounts during the pandemic period were significantly increased. As a result of the study, the family relationships of the students were also examined within the scope of the pandemic period and their relationship with social media addiction was emphasised. Keywords: Pandemic, COVID-19, family climate, social media addiction;

Dysfunctional Family Mechanisms, Internalized Parental Values, and Work Addiction: A Qualitative Study

(1) Background: Work addiction is a syndrome characterized by excessive and compulsive work disturbing one’s health and personal and social life. Several quantitative studies investigated the correlates of work addiction, but the personal experiences of workaholics remained hidden. Our qualitative research explores the perceived parental style and childhood family climate of individuals affected by work addiction. (2) Method: Based on our previous research, we invited 29 individuals (48,3% females) at risk for work addiction based on a work addiction scale. Semi-structured interviews have addressed topics of working habits, work addiction, social relationships, and their early family experiences. The texts were analyzed by qualitative thematic analysis using both deductive and inductive methods. (3) Results: The interviewees were affected by dysfunctional family mechanisms, i.e., lack of sense of security at home and addictions in the family. The participants reported that internalized parental values (transferred values and work attitudes, high expectations, and compulsion to conform) contributed to their later compulsive overwork. (4) Conclusions: Qualitative research can help to emphasize the individuals’ own experiences about the development of their work addiction. Dysfunctional family mechanisms and parental values might be significant risk factors for the work addiction of an offspring.

Strategic Renewal at Home and Work: Exploring the Mechanisms and Boundary Conditions

In this weekly diary study, we integrated research on strategic renewal and the Work-Home Resources model (i.e., W-HR model) to explore the associations between strategic renewal at home and strategic renewal at work domains through flow at home and self-efficacy at work. We also investigated the home domain outcomes of self-efficacy at work (satisfaction with work-family balance and family performance). Furthermore, we investigated the moderation effects of family climate for creativity (perceived by both the employee and the spouse) and organizational climate for creativity perceived by the employee. We tested our hypotheses with matched dual-earner couples’ data collected over six weeks in the U.S.A. The results from multilevel analyses revealed that a) strategic renewal at home is positively related to strategic renewal at work via flow at home and self-efficacy at work, b) self-efficacy at work is positively related to satisfaction with work-family balance of the employee, and family performance of the employee, all measured at the week level. Furthermore, our results have shown that a) family climate for creativity moderates the relationship between strategic renewal at home and flow at home, and b) organizational climate for creativity moderates the relationship between self-efficacy at work and strategic renewal at work. Our results contribute to the strategic renewal literature by empirically establishing the untested mechanism of how strategic renewal at home leads to positive work outcomes through flow and self-efficacy at work.

Indirect effect of family climate on adolescent depression through emotion regulatory processes.

Adolescent depression is a serious public health concern, warranting examination of its development. A negative family emotional climate (NFEC) is one risk factor for the development of depressive symptoms. The specific emotion regulatory processes linking NFEC and depression, however, remain unclear. Cognitive reappraisal, a strategy that entails shifting one's thoughts about an emotion eliciting situation before the emotion is generated, expressive suppression, an emotion regulation strategy where individuals push down their expressions of an emotion after it is generated, and emotional inertia, the process of remaining in a given emotional state for a longer period compared to other individuals, were tested as potential emotion processes through which NFEC might be indirectly related to depressive symptoms. Adolescents (N = 92; ages 11-18; 62% girls, 80% White) participated in a multimethod two-time-point study (∼6 months apart). NFEC was measured at Time 1; cognitive reappraisal, expressive suppression, emotional inertia, and depressive symptoms, at Time 2. Emotional inertia scores for negative affect (NA) and positive affect (PA) were obtained through continuous coding of affect during 2 parent-child interactions. Codes were analyzed second-by-second, and multilevel logistic regression was used to extract each participant's emotional inertia score. NFEC was directly related to depressive symptoms. NFEC was also indirectly related to depressive symptoms via cognitive reappraisal and expressive suppression (for girls, not boys) but not emotional inertia (for either NA or PA). Results suggest that both emotion regulation and the family emotional climate should be considered as targets for intervention. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2022 APA, all rights reserved).

FAMILY CLIMATE, PERCEPTION, AND ADOLESCENTS' STRESS PRIOR TO AND DURING COVID-19 PANDEMIC

The COVID-19 pandemic has various impacts on life, one of which causes stress in adolescents. This study aims to analyze the influence of family climate and adolescent perceptions of stress levels during the pandemic. This study used a cross-sectional study design. The sampling in this study used a non-probability sampling method with a voluntary sampling technique through the distribution of bold questionnaires. The research sample was 113 junior high and high school students aged 13-18 in the Greater Jakarta area (Jakarta, Bogor, Depok, Tangerang, Bekasi). Based on the study results, the category of almost all teenagers has a family climate in the medium. Almost approaching adolescents, adolescents' perceptions and stress levels during the pandemic are included in the low category. There was no significant difference between adolescents' perceptions before and during the pandemic, while adolescents' stress level was significantly higher than before the pandemic. The study's results showed that family climate was negatively related to adolescent stress levels during the pandemic. On the other hand, adolescent perceptions during the pandemic were significantly positively related to the stress level of adolescents during the pandemic. Factors that significantly negatively affect adolescent stress levels during the pandemic are family size and family climate (on the dimensions of relationships in the family and family violence). Adolescent perceptions during the pandemic have a positive effect on adolescent stress levels during the pandemic.

Prevalence and Associated Family Factors of Sibling Bullying Among Chinese Children and Adolescents.

Sibling bullying is the most common form of aggression within family worldwide, while the prevalence and correlations of sibling bullying is little known in China. The current research focused on the association between family factors and sibling bullying among Chinese adolescents, and explore sex differences in sibling bullying in the context of Chinese culture. A cross-sectional study was conducted to explore the characteristics of sibling bullying by sampling 6302 children and adolescents who had at least 1 sibling living in the household. Of the participants, 1827 (29.0%) were involved in sibling bullying over the past half year, and pure victims, pure bullies, and bully-victims were 486 (7.7%), 510 (8.1%), and 831 (13.2%), respectively. Family factors of sibling bullying were partly different between boys and girls. Parental absence of both father and mother was a risk factor of being a pure bully and a bully-victim for boys, and of being a pure victim for girls. Parental son preference increased the odds of being a pure victim and a bully-victim for boys, and of being all roles of sibling bullying involvement for girls. Besides, parent–parent violence, parent–child violence, and living with a single parent were risk factors of sibling bullying. The results underline the importance of home environment on sibling relationship, and intervention of sibling bullying should include improving family climate.

Intergenerational Relationship Quality In Terms Of Lifelong Learning: The Effect of Family Climate on The Quality of Intergenerational Relationship

Social, emotional and physical relationships are one of the most important tools that human beings need to continue their lives. The people that individuals firstly get in touch with are their families. It is quite possible that individuals who were grown up in the normally multigenerational families are impressed by these families’ atmosphere. Some research findings indicate that individuals constitute their relationship at advancing ages by taking as a reference their first relationship forms. The purpose of this study is to examine the effect of family climate on the quality of intergenerational relationship in terms of different generations. The universe of the study consists of 672 individuals who live in Kocaeli Province in Turkey. The sample group was chosen by convenience sampling method. Study data were gathered by using “Family Climate Scale” which was developed by Björnberg and Nicholson (2007). And adapted into Turkish by Gönül, Işık-Baş, and Şahin-Acar (2018), and “Multidimensional Intergenerational Relationship Quality Scale For Aging Chinese Parents” which was developed by Xue Bai. For data gathering, online questionnaire forms were used. In the analysis of the data, the pearson correlation coefficient was calculated for the correlation between variables. To examine predictive power of the predictor variables on dependent variables simple linear regression analysis was firstly done, and then multiple hierarchical regression analysis was carried out. According to this research findings, relatedness in family, intergenerational authority and cognitive cohesion which are the subdimensions of family climate variable effect and predict of intergenerational relationship quality in a significant way. Thus this study reveals that there is moderate and positive relation between family climate and intergenerational relationship quality. In the light of tese findings, to increase the quality of intergenerational relationships, it is very important to increase interpersonal harmony, similarities in attitudes, beliefs and values and sharing things.

BASIC ASPECTS OF REALIZATION OF THE DOMESTICALLY-ORIENTED APPROACH IN CONTEXT OF COMPLEX PSYCHOLOGICAL AND PEDAGOGICAL ASSISTANCE TO FAMILIES THAT BRING UP CHILD WITH THE SPECIAL EDUCATIONAL NECESSITIES

Inclusive education involves the creation of all necessary conditions for the development of a special child in school. The success of inclusive education is largely determined by the relationships that have developed in the family in which a child with special educational needs is brought up. Families with a child with special educational needs play a key role in the child’s social integration. That is why such a family needs special attention from specialists. The presence of various problems and difficulties of negative attitudes in the family, leads to a deterioration of the family climate. Work experience shows that if there is an optimistic mood in the family, then the child will have confidence in their abilities and capabilities. Activation of parents and the formation in their minds of the need to help the child is the main mechanism that promotes the harmonious adaptation of the child. The article highlights the important role of the family in addressing the upbringing of children with special needs as active members of society. The necessity of professional comprehensive study of a family raising a child with special needs has been proved. The relevance of the family-oriented approach is revealed. The main problems and difficulties of a family raising a child with special educational needs have been identified. The directions of complex psychological and pedagogical assistance to such a family and as a consequence of harmonization and optimization of intra-family relations in the family are given.

Family Climate in Nurturing Individuals’ Self-Concept: A Qualitative Study

In general, family has a significant influence on how individuals form their self-evaluations because they form their primary self-concepts in their familial context, which serves as a foundation for secondary self-concepts formed through relationships outside the family. Therefore, this paper aims to focus on the influence of family climate in nurturing individuals’ self-concept. This study obtained the data from qualitative research for the doctoral degree of one of the authors and involved 46 millennial respondents who lived in Malaysia. The Google Forms (Docs) have been utilised in conducting a web-based written interview from May to July 2021. By referring to the feedback of the respondents, this study found the family climate influenced the self-concept of the individuals in five aspects, which are in terms of their ideology, education, character building, religious belief, and political belief. This study believes that the identification of the influence of family climate toward the self-concept of their family members allows more opportunities for them to improve their families’ significant responsibilities in helping their children build and refine their positive self-concept. As a result, key qualities and characteristics of good citizenship are promoted at the individual, interpersonal and societal levels.

The Level of Family Climate and Its Relationship to Vocational Motivation Among a Sample of Female Teachers

The current study aimed to identify the level of family climate and its relationship to Vocational motivation among a sample of female teachers in the Kasbah schools in Karak Governorate / Jordan. The sample of the study consisted of (150) female teachers, and their ages ranged from (20-50) years. The family climate scale and the Vocational motivation scale were used, and the results of the study found an average level of family climate and Vocational motivation for female teachers, and a positive relationship between family climate and professional motivation. Based on the results of the study, some recommendations were made, including: Paying attention to the forms of family climate and Vocational motivation among female teachers, and developing them through counseling programs. Keywords: family climate, Vocational motivation, school teachers in Karak governorate DOI: 10.7176/JEP/13-19-13 Publication date: June 30 th 2022

“But There’s Only So Much You Can Do…” Parent Support-Giving within the Context of Peer Victimization

Little is known regarding the processes that occur when parents support their child who is being victimized by peers. The current study utilized in-depth interviews with 11 fourth- through sixth-grade early adolescents and their mothers as to the processes that occurred when the mothers attempted to help their child cope with peer victimization. Findings indicated a support-giving process that often started after initial disclosure of the victimization and continued for months or even years. Mothers’ responses included teaching their child how to respond to peer victimization, actively intervening, and enacting compensatory behaviors. Dyads reported individual and joint evaluation of the effectiveness of responses, and participants emphasized the role of communication for effective coping. A conceptual framework is presented to help generate novel lines of inquiry into the processes that occur when parents assist their peer-victimized adolescent and examine the applicability of the findings to more diverse samples and family climates.

The Effects of COVID-19 on Family Climate: A Fuzzy Clustering Approach to Examine Spanish Households

Spain was one of the countries in which more severe lockdown policies were imposed during the second term of 2020 to mitigate the unprecedented health crisis. The measures restricted citizens’ mobility, obliging families to stay confined at homes for 99 days since 15 March 2020. The measures created a number of challenges that affect the family climate. This paper aims to empirically analyse how the family climate in Spain has been affected by COVID-19. The family climate assessment was based on an online questionnaire answered by 2034 citizens. A multi-criteria decision-making method rooted in fuzzy logic and TOPSIS, and a fuzzy clustering method, are applied to analyse the effects of the COVID-19 on the family climate. The fuzzy clustering method reveals that there are three different family climate profiles, namely (1) extreme positive, (2) extreme negative, and (3) intermediate. Our results show that some traits affect having a more or less positive family climate. The authors discuss the main contributions and the policy implications that could provide insights into future measures.