Family Fabaceae Research Articles

Taxonomic study of pollen grains for five species of Fabaceae Family

The objective of the study was to provide valuable palynological characteristics for the identification of Fabaceae taxa, which could potentially serve as distinguishing features for closely related species differentiation. Pollen samples were collected from fully developed flowers of 25 samples, encompassing five species within the Fabaceae Family Colutea cilicica Boiss. & Balansa, Glycyrrhiza glabra L., Spartium junceum L., Robinia pseudoacacia L., and Anagyris foetida L. The investigation involved the utilization of both light microscopy and electron scanning microscopy. Consequently, the observed pollen grains exhibited monad symmetry and were of medium to small dimensions. These grains displayed diverse ornamentation patterns including perforations, fossulate, reticulations, regular structures, and granulations. Moreover, a wide array of outline shapes was noted for pollen grains in both equatorial and polar views. Detailed examinations were performed using both light microscopy (LM) and electron scanning microscopy (SEM) techniques, revealing distinct differentiating characteristics among the examined taxa.

Nutritional composition, health benefits and bio-active compounds of chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.).

Chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.), an annual plant of the family Fabaceae is mainly grown in semiarid and temperate regions. Among pulses, cultivated worldwide chickpeas are considered an inexpensive and rich source of protein. Chickpea is a good source of protein and carbohydrate, fiber, and important source of essential minerals and vitamins. The quality of protein is better among other pulses. Consumption of chickpeas is related to beneficial health outcomes. Dietary peptides from the protein of chickpeas gaining more attention. Peptides can be obtained through acid, alkali, and enzymatic hydrolysis. Among all these, enzymatic hydrolysis is considered safe. Various enzymes are used for the production of peptides, i.e., flavorzyme, chymotrypsin, pepsin, alcalase, papain, and trypsin either alone or in combinations. Chickpea hydrolysate and peptides have various bioactivity including angiotensin 1-converting enzyme inhibition, digestive diseases, hypocholesterolemic, CVD, antioxidant activity, type 2 diabetes, anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial, and anticarcinogenic activity. This review summarizes the nutritional composition and bioactivity of hydrolysate and peptides obtained from chickpea protein. The literature shows that chickpea peptides and hydrolysate have various functional activities. But due to the limited research and technology, the sequences of peptides are unknown, due to which it is difficult to conduct the mechanism studies that how these peptides interact. Therefore, emphasis must be given to the optimization of the production of chickpea bioactive peptides, in vivo studies of chickpea bioactivity, and conducting human study trials to check the bioactivity of these peptides and hydrolysate.

Taxonomic Studies on the Genus Vigna Savi (Fabaceae: Phaseoleae) in Telangana, India

The genus Vigna Savi is one of the economically and environmentally important genus of the family Fabaceae (Phaseoleae). It is distributed in tropical and subtropical regions of the world. In India, the genus is represented by 34 taxa, of which 16 taxa are endemic to the country. The present paper deals with the taxonomy of the genus Vigna based on live material and preserved specimens. According to the present studies, the genus contains 13 species in Telangana state of which three species namely V. indica, V. subramaniana and V. trinervia are reported here as additions to the flora of the state. Detailed morphology, taxonomic key to the species, field and germination photographs of all species are provided to facilitate easy identification.

Nuclear Phenotype and Heterochromatin Percentages in Somatic Cells on Five Species of Crotalaria L.

Crotalaria L. is a genus of flowering plants in the family Fabaceae (subfamily Faboideae). Mitotic index is proportionately relevant to cell division rate; mitotic index was found higher (10.38±1.08%) in C. spectabilis and lower (9.43±0.304%) in C. juncea. The nuclear organizations were observed chromocentric in all examined species. The interphase chromosome volume was highest in C. juncea (0.596±0.27 µ³ in meristematic cell and 0.408±0.21 µ³ in differentiated cell) and lowest in C. saltiana (0.205±0.31 µ³ in meristematic cell and 0.16±0.25 µ³ in differentiated cell) which do not correlated with the somatic chromosome number but may be related with environmental condition. The largest cell size was found in C. juncea (20.47±0.49 µm2 in meristematic cell and 106.47±0.63 µm2 in differentiated cell) and the smallest in C. saltiana (14.43±0.39 µm2 in meristematic cell and 45.86±0.21 µm2 in differentiated cell). It was also observed that, the mean value of cell size was larger in differentiated cell compared to meristematic cell in all the studied species of Crotalaria. Chromocenter numbers were found highest (13.66±0.14) in C. saltiana and lowest (9.50±0.32) in C. juncea which are considered as more primitive and more advance in nature, respectively. Percentages of heterochromatin per nuclear area were found highest (14.75±0.71) in C. saltiana and lowest (9.67±0.71) in C. juncea which are considered as more primitive and more advance in nature, respectively. J. Bio-Sci. 30(2): 79-88, 2022

ESTIMATION OF TREE SPECIES DIVERSITY AND DISTRIBUTION IN THREE COMMUNITIES’ FARMLAND AT DUTSINMA AND SAFANA LOCAL GOVERNMENT AREAS KATSINA STATE.

Understanding tree species’ diversity, distribution, and structure is very important in assessing the sustainability of ecosystem conservation and management. This study focused on tree species diversity and distribution in three communities’ farmlands at Dutsin-Ma and Safana local government areas, to assess, identify, enumerate, estimate the richness, and their evenness, and categorise tree species distribution in the study area. A stratified sampling technique was adapted for the study. Two (2) transect lines of 210m length were laid on which sampling plots were established in each of the three study areas. Species richness and diversity were found to be low in all three communities. Azadirachta indica has the highest species richness and diversity in all three communities followed by Adansonia digitata and then Piliostigma thoningii. However, the distribution of trees is not uniform across the study area and varies significantly in their density, diversity, and richness. Tree species at Safana have the highest richness index with a value of 5.383, Turare, with an index value of 5.263 while the least was at Darawa with a value of 3.782. The tree population of the selected study area is presently dominated by the Families of Meliaceae Myrtaceae, Malvaceae, Arecaceae, Moraceae, Pinaceae, Fabaceae, Anacardiaceae, and Combretaceae. The existing flora is dominated by savanna species, particularly those associated with guinea savanna vegetation. Management of forest-savanna should be through fire protection and reforestation programmes and there should be proper awareness of the human activities affecting economic tree species and land management in the study communities.

Implementation of machine learning in DNA barcoding for determining the plant family taxonomy

The DNA barcoding approach has been used extensively in taxonomy and phylogenetics. The differences in certain DNA sequences are able to differentiate and help classify organisms into taxa. It has been used in cases of taxonomic disputes where morphology by itself is insufficient. This research aimed to utilize hierarchical clustering, an unsupervised machine learning method, to determine and resolve disputes in plant family taxonomy. We take a case study of Leguminosae that historically some classify into three families (Fabaceae, Caesalpiniaceae, and Mimosaceae) but others classify into one family (Leguminosae). This study is divided into several phases, which are: (i) data collection, (ii) data preprocessing, (iii) finding the best distance method, and (iv) determining disputed family. The data used are collected from several sources, including National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI), journals, and websites. The data for validation of the methods were collected from NCBI. This was used to determine the best distance method for differentiating families or genera. The data for the case study in the Leguminosae group was collected from journals and a website. From the experiment that we have conducted, we found that the Pearson method is the best distance method to do clustering ITS sequence of plants, both in accuracy and computational cost. We use the Pearson method to determine the disputed family between Leguminosae. We found that the case study of Leguminosae should be grouped into one family based on our research.

Volatile secondary metabolites of a traditional herb Cajanus lineatus (Wight & Arn.) Maesen (Janglitur) from India

The hydro-distilled volatile components were obtained from the herb (leaf and stem) of Cajanus lineatus (Wight & Arn.) Maesen (Syn: Atylosia lineata Wight & Arn.) of the family Fabaceae, commonly known as Janglitur in India, and the essential oil was analysed for the first time using GC-FID and GC-MS. Sixty-two compounds were identified from the herb oil of C. lineatus. The major compounds were identified as β-caryophyllene (10.6%) and α-humulene (10.3%). The oil was found to be rich in sesquiterpene hydrocarbons (51.5%) type compounds.

Exploring Carob (Ceratonia siliqua L.): A Comprehensive Assessment of Its Characteristics, Ethnomedicinal Uses, Phytochemical Aspects, and Pharmacological Activities.

The carob tree (Ceratonia siliqua L.) is currently considered one of the most valuable fruit and forest trees in various fields and sectors of activity. It is a versatile plant, belonging to the Fabaceae family. It is widely used in traditional medicine to treat many diseases such as diabetes, hypertension, and gastrointestinal disorders, given that all its parts (leaves, flowers, pods, seeds, wood, bark, and roots) are useful and hold value in many areas. Its importance has increased significantly in recent years. Originating from the Middle East, it is recognized for its ecological and industrial significance. Previous studies conducted on Ceratonia siliqua L. have revealed the presence of several compounds, including polyphenols, flavonoids, carbohydrates, minerals, and proteins. The carob tree demonstrates antihypertensive, antidepressant, anti-obesity, and antihyperglycemic activities. This plant is known for its medicinal and therapeutic virtues. Moreover, it is particularly interesting to consider the pharmacological activities of the major phytochemical compounds present in the different extracts of this plant, such as phenolic acids, for example, coumaric and gallic acids, as well as flavonoids such as kaempferol and quercetin. Therefore, this review aims to analyze some aspects of this plant, especially the taxonomy, cytogeography, traditional uses, phytochemical constituents, and pharmacological activities of Ceratonia siliqua L., in addition to its biological properties.

Anatomical and histochemical studies of vegetative organs of Stylosanthes capitata Vogel

The Fabaceae family is widely distributed throughout the world. Among the genera of this family, Stylosanthes Sw., in addition to counting some species used as fodder, also presents species used in traditional medicine. Stylosanthes capitata Vogel, known as arcançú or estilosantes, stands out from the other species of the genus for having a high content in leaf protein and used in traditional medicine. The general objective of this work is to carry out the anatomical characterization of the root, stem and leaves and histochemical study of the leaves of S. capitata. Usual methods in plant anatomy were used for the preparation of analyses in optical microscopy of semi-permanent slides containing cross sections of vegetative organs, and paraderms of the leaflet blade of S. capitata. Histochemical tests were also carried out in order to locate the metabolites in cross sections of leaflet blades. The microscopic evaluation allowed the identification of characteristics in the root, such as the presence of sclerenchyma; stem with bicollateral vascular bundle, presence of prismatic crystals; on the petiole with 1–3 layers of palisade parenchyma and bicollateral vascular bundle; and leaf blade with paracytic and anisocytic stomata on the abaxial surface, differentiation in the layers of palisade parenchyma and spongy parenchyma, and absence of secretory appendages in all structures analyzed. Through histochemical techniques, the presence of phenolic compounds, lipophilic compounds, lignin, and proteins was evidenced. The results are fundamental for the pharmacobotanical standardization of the studied specie.

Complete chloroplast genome of Lens lamottei reveals intraspecies variation among with Lens culinaris

Lens lamottei is a member of the Fabaceae family and the second gene pool of the genus Lens. The environmental factors that drove the divergence among wild and cultivated species have been studied extensively. Recent research has focused on genomic signatures associated with various phenotypes with the acceleration of next-generation techniques in molecular profiling. Therefore, in this study, we provide the complete sequence of the chloroplast genome sequence in the wild Lens species L. lamottei with a deep coverage of 713 × next-generation sequencing (NGS) data for the first time. Compared to the cultivated species, Lens culinaris, we identified synonymous, and nonsynonymous changes in the protein-coding regions of the genes ndhB, ndhF, ndhH, petA, rpoA, rpoC2, rps3, and ycf2 in L. lamottei. Phylogenetic analysis of chloroplast genomes of various plants under Leguminosae revealed that L. lamottei and L. culinaris are closest to one another than to other species. The complete chloroplast genome of L. lamottei also allowed us to reanalyze previously published transcriptomic data, which showed high levels of gene expression for ATP-synthase, rubisco, and photosystem genes. Overall, this study provides a deeper insight into the diversity of Lens species and the agricultural importance of these plants through their chloroplast genomes.

Ethnobotanical study of plants used in management of diabetes mellitus in Eastern Uganda

Ethnopharmacological relevanceDiabetes mellitus (DM) is the fourth leading cause of morbidity and mortality among non-communicable diseases affecting about 422 million people worldwide and an estimated 1.5 million deaths directly attributed to diabetes each year with a prevalence of approximately 4.1% in Uganda. The disease is on an unprecedented rise in developing countries yet access to conventional diabetes medication is a huge challenge due to limited resources. Moreover, the current management and treatment options are life-long, expensive and associated with undesirable side effects. Consequently, there is widespread use of complementary and alternative medicines, mostly herbal medicines in the management of DM in Uganda. Aim of the studyTo conduct an ethnobotanical study about medicinal plants for the management of DM in Eastern Uganda, a resource-limited area with rich plant biodiversity. Materials and methodsAn ethnobotanical survey was conducted in eight districts of Eastern Uganda. Eighty-six TMPs were interviewed using semi-structured questionnaires. Data on screening of DM, medicinal plant harvesting, herbal medicine preparation, packaging, posology and toxicities were generated. Data analysis was conducted using SPSS software version 26. ResultsSixty-one plant species belonging to 38 families and 59 genera were used by the TMPs in the preparation of herbal remedies for the management of symptoms of DM. The most commonly used plant species were Kigelia africana, Tamarindus indica, Aloe vera, Erythrina abyssinica, Entada abyssinica, Carica papaya, and Maytenus senegalensis. The most frequently used life forms were trees (63.2%) and herbs (20%) belonging to families Fabaceae (11.4%) and Asteraceae (10%). Roots and leaves were the most used plant parts harvested predominantly from the wild. Most herbal remedies were prepared as decoctions and administered orally with no reported toxicities. ConclusionA wide range of medicinal plants are used by TMPs for management of diabetes in Eastern Uganda. Scientific evaluation of the antidiabetic potential, phytochemistry and toxicology of these remedies is needed to validate their use and inform the production of improved herbal medicines or discover novel molecules for effective management of DM.

First Report and Genetic Analysis of the Invasive Species A. fruticosa L. in Greece: A Combined Genetic and Regeneration Study

A first assessment of genetic diversity and expansion of the invasive species Amorpha fruticosa L. was estimated in the 91E0* (Annex I Dir. 92/43/EEC) priority habitat of Nestos. A. fruticosa is a perennial deciduous shrub belonging to the family Fabaceae and is native to the south-western part of North America, which recently was introduced to Europe as an ornamental plant. Its expansion through the cross-border river of Nestos has significant negative effects on the 91E0* habitat (a habitat with Alnus glutinosa, Populus alba, and Ulmus minor). Herein, we studied the genetic diversity with amplified fragment length polymorphisms fragments of eastern and western populations in order to see if there is one genetic pool for the species. Furthermore, we estimated the regeneration index (IR) in order to see the potential expansion of this invasive species. Results showed that eastern and western populations have almost equal heterozygosity (He) and with a slightly higher value for the western population, which was in agreement with the results of the IR. This is an innovative study that discusses the implications of A. fruticosa of 91E0* habitat in Nestos and proposes management measures to eliminate its expansion and improve the resilience of the habitat.

Utilization of The Saga Plant Abrus Precatorius L. in Indonesian Folk Medicine

Saga or known by the Latin name Abrus precatorius L. belongs to the Fabaceae family and is a leguminosae plant that grows in tropical and subtropical regions and has also been widely used for traditional medicinal practices. Saga is believed to be a plant that has natural properties and is important as a source of ingredients for making medicines to treat various diseases. Many pharmacological studies have been carried out which state that saga has various biological activities that can be act as anti-diabetic, anti-fertility, anti-germ, anti-cancer, and so on. Parts of the saga plant in the form of leaves, roots and seeds can be used for natural medicine which has been carried out by many traditional people for generations. Part of the leaf blade contains triterpene compounds, alkaloids, glycosides, and glycyrrhizin. It is known that the saga plant also has an abrin compound which has a very dangerous toxic effect when consumed by humans. The review of this article aims to gather useful information regarding the saga plant so that it can be better utilized and empowered for the benefit of human beings.

Biochemical changes due to Pathogenesis in French beans (Phaseolus vulgaris l.) Infected by rhizoctonia solani Kuhn

French Bean (Phaseolus vulgaris l.) belongs to the family Fabaceae and is native to south america. French bean has evolved from wild growing vine distributed in the high lands of Middle america and andes. this important legume crop is grown for its dry grain and tender pods in north-Western India. this offseason crop can be successfully raised under Punjab conditions during winter season which fetches higher price in the market and economical to the farmers when there is no availability of green pods from high altitude. It is widely cultivated in tropics, sub-tropics and temperate regions. When bean plant infected by fungal, bacterial or any other pathogen, different alternations are observed. the present study was carried out in the department of Botany, darrang college to compare the biochemical changes occurring in bean plants growing in normal soil, and sterilized soil mixed with fungus rhizoctonia solani .

A narrative review on nutritional and health benefits of underutilized summer crop to address agriculture challenges: Moth bean (Vigna aconitifolia L.)

AbstractA reasonable plant‐based protein supply needs to be found in order to fight protein undernourishment, especially in developing nations. One of the most prominent and underutilized members of the Fabaceae family, moth bean (Vigna aconitifolia L.), has outstanding nutritional and bioactive components. Moth bean is a tropical crop and has ability to grow well at arid and semiarid areas. In addition to vitamins, minerals, lipids, fatty acid, and carbohydrate, moth bean seeds also provide an abundant protein source. Furthermore, the antioxidant and phenolic content of moth bean seeds is also high. If consumed on a regular basis, moth bean legume possesses countless beneficial effect on health and immune system, including the ability to prevent obesity, diabetes, and cardiac diseases in humans. This review focuses on the uses, improved varieties, adaptive constrain, nutritional bioavailability, and health benefits of V. aconitifolia seeds.

Morphology and life cycle of Spodoptera frugiperda(J.E. Smith) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) with soybean leaf (Glycine max[L.] Merr.) in the laboratory

Soybean (Glycine max[L.] Merr. ) is an important vegetable source of vegetable protein for the whole world. Wilis is one of the superior varieties in great demand among farmers. However, soybean production in recent years in Indonesia has declined. One of the causes is the presence of parasites which can cause losses both in quantity and quality. The fall armyworm (FAW), Spodoptera frugiperda(J. E. Smith) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) is a serious pest that can attack 353 host plants from 76 plant families and one of them is the Fabaceae family. This research was conducted at the laboratory and experimental farm of Hasanuddin University Faculty of Agriculture and took place from August to December 2020. The larvae were obtained from Sidenreng Rappang regency, Watang Pulu district. Insect was reared in the laboratory to produce eggs which are used to observe the life cycle of S. frugiperda with soybean leaves as food. Biological observations were made, including the duration of each stadium, and the shape and size of the egg until it becomes an adults. The results of this study showed that the larvae of S. frugiperda consisted of six instars. The mean duration of eggs to hatching was 1.8 days, the duration of the larval was 18.78 days, the duration of the pre-pupa was 1.61 days, the duration of the pupal was 10 days and the longevityis s 9.28 days for males adults and 13.73 days for females adults.

Hydroalcoholic Extract of Psoralea drupacea Inhibits Proliferation and Migration of Hepatocellular Carcinoma Cells and Decreases Angiogenesis in Chick Chorioallantoic Membrane

Objective: Hepatocellular carcinoma is one of the leading causes of cancer-related death worldwide. Experimental studies reported that some plants in the genus of Psoralea (Fabaceae family) show anticancer potential. The present study aimed to evaluate the effects of Psoralea drupacea extract (PDE) on HepG2 liver cancer cells. Methods: The proliferation, cell cycle, and migration of HepG2 cells were determined by thiazolyl blue tetrazolium bromide test, propidium iodide staining, and scratch assay, respectively. The effects of PDE on the activity of matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) and angiogenesis were evaluated by the gelatin zymography method and chicken chorioallantoic membrane model, respectively. Results: The culture of HepG2 cells in the presence of PDE (24 hr and 48 hr) significantly reduced their viability (at a concentration of ≥ 50 µg/mL) and increased the percentage of cells in the sub-G1 stage. PDE also increased the antiproliferative and proapoptotic activities of doxorubicin (3 and 6 µg/mL). The extract significantly decreased the generation of reactive oxygen species and lipid peroxidation in the cells. Moreover, PDE (25 and 50 µg/mL) significantly suppressed the migration ability of HepG2 cells, which was associated with inhibition in the activity of MMP2 and MMP9 (50 µg/mL). Furthermore, treatment with PDE significantly reduced the number and diameter of vessels in the chick chorioallantoic membrane. Conclusion: PDE decreased the survival and cell cycle progression of liver cancer cells through a mechanism other than oxidative stress. This extract also showed an anti-angiogenesis effect and diminished the migration ability of HepG2 cells by inhibiting MMP activity

Identification of Plants That Compile The Vegetation Structure of The Critical Land Ecotourism Area of Ngargoretno Village, Magelang, Central Java

Each region has a different ecosystem. Land is an environmental condition that greatly influences the biodiversity of plants that live in an area. The critical land contained in the Ngargoretno Ecotourism Area, Magelang, Central Java, has various types of plants that have never been identified. The condition of the soil, which is prone to landslides, makes the presence of vegetation in the area important as a landslide barrier. This makes plant conservation efforts important and necessary. One of the conservation efforts that can be made is by identifying plants. This research was conducted to identify various types of plants found in the ecotourism area of Ngargoretno, Magelang, and Central Java. Data collection is carried out by means of exploration throughout the region. The results of the study revealed 70 types of plants, consisting of 37 types of families. The most commonly found plant species belong to the families Asteraceae (7 types), Fabaceae (7 types), and Euphorbiaceae (7 types).

ИЗУЧЕНИЕ АМИНОКИСЛОТНОГО СОСТАВА ЛЕСПЕДЕЦЫ ДВУЦВЕТНОЙ, ПРОИЗРАСТАЮЩЕЙ В КРАСНОДАРСКОМ КРАЕ

As is known, biologically active compounds in plants are in complexes easily absorbed by the human body and in biologically available concentrations, therefore they have a higher phar-macological activity compared to synthetic analogues. Plants synthesize all the amino acids necessary to build protein molecules. The ability of plant amino acids to participate in the as-similation of other biologically active substances by the body, as well as a wide range of their biochemical, and as a result, pharmacological action, attracts more and more attention of re-searchers and the study of the composition and content of amino acids in medicinal plant raw materials as potential sources of drugs. That is why the study of the qualitative and quantita-tive content of amino acids in medicinal plant raw materials and in preparations derived from it is of great practical importance and of a certain scientific interest. The experience of using shoots of Lespedeza bicolor in official and folk medicine tes-tifies to its wide therapeutic possibilities, which served as the basis for research to clarify its chemical composition in relation to amino acids. This paper presents data on the qualitative and quantitative amino acid composition of the aerial organs of Lespedeza bicolor (Lespedeza bicolor L, plant family Fabaceae) growing in the Krasnodar Territory. A comparative study of the main essential and non-essential amino acids in flowers, leaves and shoots of Lespede-za bicolor was carried out by capillary electrophoresis. It has been established that the flowers and leaves of Lespedeza bicolor contain 11 amino acids each, the dominant amino acid of both flowers and leaves is proline; Lespedeza bicolor shoots contain 12 amino acids, 6 of which are essential (threonine, valine, methionine, leucine, phenylalanine, lysine). Leucine is present only in the leaves, and cysteine only in the flowers of the studied plant

Mechanistic study on the anti-proinflammatory activity of Kunitz type inhibitor from Caesalpinia decapetala seeds.

The study reports the biochemical characterization and mechanism of action of a novel 19.6 kDa protease inhibitor (PIs) isolated from the seeds of Caesalpinia decapetala belonging to the Fabaceae family. A systematic study was performed to ascertain the purity, specificity, biochemical and structural characterization, and its potential in curbing inflammation in vitro conditions. A two-step chromatography technique was used to purify the PIs. Sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization time of flightwere employed to detect the molecular mass of the protein. N-terminal sequence analysis of the inhibitor showed sequence similarity with the Kunitz family PIs. The in vitro test tube assay was performed for determining the anti-inflammatory activity and the inhibitor is antiproliferative against macrophage (RAW264.7) and lung cancer cell lines (A549). An effective decrease in the release of inflammatory mediators (NO, IL-6, TNF-α) and on the activity of elastase was observed in macrophage cell lines (RAW264.7) which were treated with PIs. The purified inhibitor shows promising results against inflammation.