Families In Colombia Research Articles

Nuevos registros de Pucciniales sobre la familia Solanaceae en Colombia

La familia Solanaceae cuenta con una gran diversidad de especies distribuidas desde zonas templadas, con excepción de la Antártida, hasta zonas tropicales y cálidas. Algunas de sus plantas de importancia económica como el ají, papa y tomate, se encuentran comúnmente parasitadas por royas, afectando su calidad y producción. El objetivo de esta investigación fue estudiar los Pucciniales de la familia Solanaceae en Colombia, depositados en el Museo Micológico de la Universidad Nacional de Colombia sede Medellín (MMUNM). Se analizaron colecciones no identificadas de este grupo de plantas con presencia de síntomas de roya (Pucciniales, Basidiomycota) y colectadas en los últimos años en los departamentos de Antioquia, Caquetá, Caldas, Casanare, Cundinamarca, Huila, Magdalena y Nariño. El trabajo taxonómico de los Pucciniales encontrados se realizó a través de observaciones y mediciones de los estados espóricos, acompañados de una completa revisión de literatura especializada. Se describe a Uredo mirtoideae como una nueva especie para la ciencia y se registran diez nuevos hospedantes parasitados por royas. En Colombia se registran sobre la familia Solanaceae 23 especies de royas, equivalentes al 6 % del total de las reportadas en el país, encontradas parasitando un total de 43 especies hospedantes de esta importante familia.

DIÁLOGO BIOÉTICO Y DEL BIODERECHO EN TORNO A LA CONFORMACIÓN Y NATURALEZA BIOJURÍDICA DE LA FAMILIA HOMOPARENTAL EN COLOMBIA

DIÁLOGO BIOÉTICO Y DEL BIODERECHO EN TORNO A LA CONFORMACIÓN Y NATURALEZA BIOJURÍDICA DE LA FAMILIA HOMOPARENTAL EN COLOMBIA

First reports and generic descriptions of the achlorophyllous holoparasites Apodanthaceae (Cucurbitales) of Colombia

The Apodanthaceae (Cucurbitales) are one of the 12 parasitic clades of flowering plants and the only holoparasitic family with a vegetative phase entirely endophytic, growing primarily on Fabaceae and Salicaceae stems. The two genera of the family, Apodanthes and Pilostyles, are broadly distributed in Colombia, although they remain extremely under-collected and poorly known. Based on field and herbarium work, and a review of the literature, we provide detailed generic-level descriptions of the family. We also update the records of the family in Colombia and discuss the homology and taxonomic implications of floral characters such as perianth scales, pollen sacs, and the central column. Finally, we provide photographic records of Colombian Apodanthaceae, and some guidelines for properly collecting these plants.

Pucciniales sobre la familia Bignoniaceae en Colombia

This paper morphologically describes rusts (Pucciniales) collected from the Bignoniaceae family in Colombia and deposited in the Museo Micológico at the Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Medellín campus. The identification of species was conducted with a light microscope, using freehand scrapings and cuttings of the affected plant material. Following the morphometric analysis and an exhaustive bibliographic review, a new species of Pucciniales (Canasta amphilophii), a new combination of Pucciniales (Prospodium delostomae), a new variety of Pucciniales (Prospodium appendiculatum var. colombiana) and 2 new species records for Colombia (Prospodium aculeatum and Prospodium trinidadense) are described. New morphological characteristics are also provided for previously described species, and knowledge of the life cycles and geographical distribution of the species is augmented. A taxonomic key to Prospodium and Canasta from Colombia is added.

Las TIC: una alternativa para bancarizar las remesas del exterior en Colombia

El presente artículo presenta un estudio descriptivo acerca de cuáles serían las formas de bancarizar a las personas que reciben remesas del exterior, teniendo en cuenta el auge que en los últimos años han tenido los movimientos migratorios de colombianos hacia diferentes partes del mundo y su inserción en diferentes empleos para generar recursos que son enviados a sus familias en Colombia. En este documento se demuestra cómo en el caso de Bogotá se identifican varios factores recurrentes que impiden que estas personas se decidan a abrir un producto financiero, ya sea porque no cumplen sus expectativas económicas o por temor a ingresar a un sistema financiero que indague minuciosamente el origen de estos recursos. De la misma forma se identifica la falta de productos orientados a este segmento, en especial en lo que se refiere a alternativas con plataformas virtuales. A través de un instrumento de medición como la encuesta y determinando una muestra de usuarios bancarios, se tomaron las percepciones frente a estas limitaciones de bancarización.
 Finalmente, se determinan las características demográficas principales de los beneficiarios de remesas internacionales y las razones por las cuales no son clientes del sistema financiero, dando unas recomendaciones sobre los ajustes que deben hacer las entidades sobre sus productos y servicios, para lograr vincular efectivamente este segmento de clientes potenciales.

FAMILY SCATOPSIDAE.

An updated catalogue of the family Scatopsidae in Colombia is presented. Seven species of six genera have being recorded for the country, but four of these species are still undescribed. The Ectaetiinae genus Ectaetia, the Psectrosciarinae genera Anapausis and Psectrosciara, and at least the Scatopsinae genera Scatopse, Efcookella, and Abrhexoza are expected to be present in the fauna of the family in Colombia.

FAMILY PYRGOTIDAE.

Pyrgotidae is a family of endoparasitics flies of beetles with worldwide distribution. The Neotropical fauna is composed by 59 valid species names disposed in 13 genera. The occurrence of Pyrgota longipes Hendel is the first record of the family in Colombia.

Morphological evaluation of an in situ collection of species from the Annonaceae family in Colombia

An in situ collection composed of 167 accessions of the species Annona cherimola, A. glabra, A. reticulata, and A. squamosa, Rollinia sp., and the interspecific hybrid A. squamosa x A. cherimola was established through bioprospecting of genetics resources of the Annonaceae family in the Colombian Andean and Caribbean regions. These accessions were distributed in 13 departments and 48 municipalities. The most representative species of this collection are A. squamosa and A. reticulata, which are derived from traditional cultivars of populated centers with a variable altitude range of up to 1,021 m a.s.l. The morpho-agronomic evaluation was carried out on 98 accessions using 25 qualitative and quantitative descriptors, which identified the phenotypic traits in A. squamosa and A. reticulata that are related to fruit quality, such as size, weight, symmetry, degrees Brix, pH, acidity, seed weight and seed number, which are the more discriminating descriptors, differentiating six clusters in A. squamosa and four clusters in A. reticulata.

The Use of Computers and Technology Increase Student Achievement and Improve Attitude

This report describes how the use of technology helps lessons run smoothly for teacher and students during the first semester of 2007, with a particular focus on the use of computer technology to improve academic achievement. Is based on observations of pretests, Likert scales, posttests, and statistical analysis with certain classrooms which were chosen previously by teachers who made this project. Demographics are as follows:Age Range: 17 to 19 (12th grade)/16 to 17 (10th grade), Sex Distribution: M & F, Ethnic Breakdown: mixed Hispanic, White, Colombian students. Location: Barranquilla, Colombia, SA, Other important characteristics (attach additional sheets as necessary ) most students are from upper middle class families in Colombia. With the following design: Pre Test -Treatment- Posttest The investigation revealed that technology had a positive impact on the students because their level of motivation and performance grew up consistently. Because of available amount of computers at the school was not enough, students used simulators through internet at home, reducing the teacher’s supervision, and the amount of time dedicated to the web page (with the simulator) by each student was not the same.

Child support and food insecurity among custodial-mother families in Colombia

In this study I examine the food insecurity experiences of custodial-mother families in Colombia and the extent to which child support receipt helps prevent uncertain or limited access to adequate food. Using data from the 2008 Quality of Life Survey, which has detailed information to calculate the Latin American and Caribbean Scale to Measure Food Security, I found that more than half (57.3%) the custodial-mother families experienced some level of food insecurity in 2008. My multivariate analyses suggest that families receiving child support are less likely to experience inadequate consumption of food; a 10% increase in child support income is associated with a 9% decline in the chances of experiencing this hardship. This association is particularly concentrated among single-mother families and families headed by younger mothers. Overall, my results suggest that policies that increase child support receipt in less-developed countries like Colombia are likely to decrease food insecurity among custodial-mother families.

Violencia intrafamiliar : mecanismos e instrumentos internacionales.

En materia de protección a la familia como núcleo de la sociedad, el estado colombiano ha suscrito y ratificado compromisos para que la mujer y los niños tengan una protección especial. El estudio se desarrolló con el fin de recoger toda la información atinente a los convenios que el país ha suscrito y ratificado con organismos internacionales encargados de velar por la protección de los derechos humanos, expresos en la Carta Política de 1991 e incluidos como bloque de constitucionalidad. A partir de una revisión documental y bibliográfica se pretende demostrar que, aun con dicha normatividad, no se ha tenido la capacidad para evitar que cada día se maltraten y asesinen mujeres y niños, lo que rompe la paz y armonía de la familia en Colombia.

Marriage and Family in Colombia and Japan

Marriage and Family in Colombia and Japan

First Report of Late Blight Caused by Phytophthora infestans on Cape Gooseberry (Physalis peruviana) in Colombia.

Late blight caused by Phytophthora infestans is the most limiting disease for several species of the Solanaceae family in Colombia. A potential host for P. infestans is Cape gooseberry (Physalis peruviana), a species belonging to the Solanaceae family. Its center of origin is the highlands of Peru and it is grown at approximately 1,500 to 3,000 m above sea level. Cape gooseberry has become an important export fruit in Colombia. Consequently, in the last few years, the area cultivated with Physalis peruviana has increased dramatically. P. infestans was isolated from this crop in the province of Cundinamarca, Colombia. Symptoms caused by this oomycete appeared initially on the leaf margins as small, irregular, necrotic spots that expanded and merged, increasing the necrotic area. These spots had a soft texture resulting from the degradation of plant tissue by the pathogen. On old lesions, white mycelia and sporangia were observed. Affected plants were rarely killed, but under favorable conditions, severe symptoms were observed in leaves and yield was reduced. Ten isolates were obtained from infected tissue by placing a lesion directly on a potato slice in a moist chamber (2). Mycelia grown on the potato slice were then transferred to rye agar. Identification of the pathogen was performed based on morphological characteristics, specifically, sporangiophores of P. infestans are compoundly branched and develop sympodially, with swellings at the points where sporangia were attached (1). Further confirmation was obtained by sequencing the internal transcribed spacer (ITS) regions (GenBank Accession Nos. EF173467-EF173476). Koch's postulates were completed in the laboratory by spray inoculating detached leaves of Cape gooseberry with a zoospore suspension obtained from each of the 10 isolates. Inoculum was prepared by flooding 10-day-old cultures with sterile distilled water to obtain a 104/ml sporangial suspension followed by zoospore induction at 4°C. Leaves were sprayed with this suspension, placed in moist chambers, and incubated at 20°C in the dark. Control leaves were sprayed with sterile distilled water. Two separate leaves were inoculated with each isolate. The pathogen was reisolated from leaf lesions in all cases. The period between infection and the appearance of symptoms ranged from 5 to 7 days. To our knowledge, this is the first report of P. infestans causing damage on Cape gooseberry in Colombia. Chemical control measures are to some extent successfully applied in most regions where solanaceous crops are grown in Colombia. Nevertheless, suitable disease management for Physalis peruviana has not been achieved and further studies on the epidemiology of the disease on this new host are needed.