Fall Back Research Articles

The compact circumstellar material of SN 2024ggi: another supernova with a pre-explosion effervescent zone and jet-driven explosion

I examine recent theoretical studies and observations of the recent core-collapse supernova (CCSN) SN~20224ggi and find that the likely explanation for its dense, compact circumstellar material is an effervescent model, where parcels or streams of gas are uplifted by stellar convection and pulsation and fall back. The effervescent zone exists alongside the regular wind from the red supergiant (RSG) progenitor of SN~2024ggi. I find that an extended wind-acceleration zone encounters some difficulties in accounting for the required CSM mass. Recent modelling finds the explosion energy of SN~2024ggi to be erg, and up to erg. I examine this explosion energy against a recent study of the delayed neutrino explosion mechanism and find that this mechanism might have some difficulties in accounting for the required energy. This might suggest that the explosion was caused by the jittering jets explosion mechanism (JJEM). This adds to other recent pieces of evidence supporting the JJEM, particularly point-symmetric CCSN remnants.

Role of Carbon, Nitrogen, Phosphate and Sulfur Metabolism in Secondary Metabolism Precursor Supply in Streptomyces spp.

The natural soil environment of Streptomyces is characterized by variations in the availability of nitrogen, carbon, phosphate and sulfur, leading to complex primary and secondary metabolisms. Their remarkable ability to adapt to fluctuating nutrient conditions is possible through the utilization of a large amount of substrates by diverse intracellular and extracellular enzymes. Thus, Streptomyces fulfill an important ecological role in soil environments, metabolizing the remains of other organisms. In order to survive under changing conditions in their natural habitats, they have the possibility to fall back on specialized enzymes to utilize diverse nutrients and supply compounds from primary metabolism as precursors for secondary metabolite production. We aimed to summarize the knowledge on the C-, N-, P- and S-metabolisms in the genus Streptomyces as a source of building blocks for the production of antibiotics and other relevant compounds.

A comparative study on design standards of screw conveyors in China, Germany, and the USA – Part II: Discrete element method

This part of the study aims to evaluate the advantages and disadvantages of technical standards of screw conveyors in China, Germany, and the USA for industrial applications. The source or determination method of empirical coefficients as well as the theoretical foundation of dimensioning-relevant diagrams in these standards is not explicitly documented in the literature. Therefore, instead of less efficient on-site tests, the numerical simulation by discrete element method is conducted. Based on the geometrical and operational designs determined in three standards for horizontal, slightly inclined, and vertical conveyance of three representative bulk solids (barley, lignite, and sand), the potential influencing factors are discussed. With constant particle and contact parameters, the potential deviations caused by particle models are eliminated. Furthermore, the accuracy of power consumption calculation of each standard and the divergence between accessible and required mass flows is comprehensively assessed based on the analysis of simulated outcomes. Two main conclusions are drawn: (1) Particle fall back is barely considered by all three standards and leads to overestimated mass throughput; (2) The decrease in mass throughput caused by an increasing degree of filling can be compensated by slowing down the rotational speed.

EXPRESS: Spring Forward = Fall Back? the Effect of Daylight Saving Time Change on Consumers’ Unhealthy Behavior

Prior research documents deleterious consequences of the annual clock change to daylight saving time in many contexts, but little is known about the effect the policy has on consumer behavior. While policy debates around ending seasonal clock changes continue, millions of consumers worldwide are potentially adversely affected by the time change. Drawing on the notions of sleepiness and self-control, the authors propose a framework of how the onset of daylight saving time increases unhealthy behavior. The hypotheses are tested via two studies cast in the difference-in-differences modeling framework capturing consumption before and after the time change and across consumers who experience the transition versus who do not. Results of the first study suggest that the onset of daylight saving time increases calorie consumption from packaged snacks that are largely unhealthy, specifically in the evening and on cloudy days. The effect of the end of daylight saving time is not significant, suggesting an overall asymmetric effect of the time change on unhealthy behavior. Study 2 reveals that the onset of daylight saving time decreases fitness center visits, particularly for consumers without healthy consumption habits and with high transaction costs. Analysis of social media data suggests that consumers find the time change disruptive. Overall, the findings imply that public policy makers and businesses should find ways to support consumers around the onset of daylight saving time.

Spring forward and Fall back: effects of biennial time change on parents' stress and sleep

Spring forward and Fall back: effects of biennial time change on parents' stress and sleep

GRAMMATISCHER REALISMUS: EINE ANALYSE ZUM WITTGENSTEIN´SCHEN BEGRIFF DER „GRAMMATIK“

This text deals with Wittgenstein's concept of “grammar”, which is one of the “key concepts” of his “Philosophical Investigations”. This term is interpreted here as a type of transcendental argument, i.e. as a regressive argument of the form: "In order to to explain why such and such (the observed - e.g. language as an institution) exists, one must presuppose that such and such (the unobserved – grammar) exists." The main thesis of the analysis proposed here is that Wittgenstein had to introduce in his philosophical investigations the concept of “grammar” as something predetermined in the perspective of “grammatical realism” to provide a theory of language with the aim of explaining the possibility of intersubjective language use, without having to fall back on any universal properties of language (in the sense of classical metaphysics).

Some Effects of Randomly Practiced Translation Strategies on Arabic

Translation has always been considered a sign of existing communication processes between nations. The act of translating from or into a language usually reflects its cultural and economic status. For example, during the middle ages, the Arab World’s cultural and economic situation was witnessing a prosperous era; hence, various nations at that time were highly interested in translating the Arabic culture into their languages and cultures. Nowadays, the Arab World lives its worst times in terms of scientific or technological developments which have resulted in a state of cultural fall back; accordingly, the direction of translation is reversed to make Arabic negatively the target language. However, it should be crystal clear that it is not an intrinsic feature of a language which makes it weak or inferior; on the contrary, an original and elegant language in terms of its cultural heritage may lose its power and superiority as a result of inferior conditions lived by its people. On the other hand, a relatively modern language may become very powerful and influential because of the well-developed status achieved by its natives in various aspects. Arabic, being one of the languages that have lost their superior and influential status, has been influenced by English and other languages in terms of sounds, vocabulary, structures and culture.

Atracurium Versus Cis-Atracurium for Laryngeal Relaxation and Hemodynamic Stability in Pediatric Patients: A Randomized, Double-Blind Study.

Background and aim Equipotent dose of atracurium and cis-atracurium has failed to show clinically equi-effective muscle relaxation actions required for laryngoscopy and endotracheal intubation (LETI) in adults. There needs to be more data on children. We aimed to compare the efficacy of equipotent atracurium and cis-atracurium for producing optimal LETI. We also compared the hemodynamic stability and side effects. Methods With approvals and informed consent, 104 children between three and 12 years were enrolled in the present randomized, double-blind, parallel-arm study. Fifty-two participants were recruited in each group and received either 2ED95 atracurium (0.5mg/kg) or 2ED95 cis-atracurium (0.1mg/kg). Three-point scale, i.e., excellent, good, and poor, were assigned based on jaw relaxation, vocal cords, diaphragmatic movement, coughing, and resistance to the laryngoscope blade. Basic hemodynamics and adverse events like flushing, hemodynamic instability, and airway spasms were noted. The groups were compared using Wilcoxon-Mann-Whitney U or Chi-square tests as applicable; a p-value <0.05 was considered significant. Results Entire enrolled participants completed the study. Excellent LETI conditions were significantly higher in the atracurium than in cis-atracurium (53.8% versus 19.2%, p-value <0.001). In the present study, blunted laryngoscopy-related sympathetic surge containing the increase in hemodynamic parameters within 20% from the baseline was noted in both groups, but the blunting and fall back of hemodynamic towards the baseline was rapid in the atracurium (within 7 minutes of LETI) group than cis-atracurium, i.e., 72 minutes; p-value <0.001. Only one flushing was noted in the atracurium group compared to none in the cis-atracurium. Conclusion 2ED95 dose of cis-atracurium (0.1mg/kg), although have minor advantages of maintaining hemodynamic better, has lower adverse events, it provides significantly lower 'Excellent LETI conditions' when compared to 2ED95 dose of atracurium (0.5mg/kg) in children of age three to 12 years.

Predicting Future Location Categories of Users in a Large Social Platform

Understanding the users' patterns of visiting various location categories can help online platforms improve content personalization and user experiences. Current literature on predicting future location categories of a user typically employs features that can be traced back to the user, such as spatial geo-coordinates and demographic identities. Moreover, existing approaches commonly suffer from cold-start and generalization problems, and often cannot specify when the user will visit the predicted location category. In a large social platform, it is desirable for prediction models to avoid using user-identifiable data, generalize to unseen and new users, and be able to make predictions for specific times in the future. In this work, we construct a neural model, LocHabits, using data from Snapchat. The model omits user-identifiable inputs, leverages temporal and sequential regularities in the location category histories of Snapchat users and their friends, and predicts the users' next-hour location categories. We evaluate our model on several real-life, large-scale datasets from Snapchat and FourSquare, and find that the model can outperform baselines by 14.94% accuracy. We confirm that the model can (1) generalize to unseen users from different areas and times, and (2) fall back on collective trends in the cold-start scenario. We also study the relative contributions of various factors in making the predictions and find that the users' visitation preferences and most-recent visitation sequences play more important roles than time contexts, same-hour sequences, and social influence features.

The impacts of export VAT rebates on market switch and productivity: Firm‐level evidence from China

AbstractRecent heterogeneous firm literature has revised the basic assumptions of constant marginal costs; markets may thus be complements or substitutes. Using Chinese firm‐level data for 1998–2007, our study utilises the 2004 export tax rebate (ETR) cut as a quasi‐natural experiment to demonstrate how the domestic market may be a fall back for exporters when they encounter exogenous negative export shocks, leading to market‐switching behaviour and higher domestic sales. The market‐switching behaviour significantly intensifies the competition in the domestic market in the affected industries. This crowds out sales of non‐exporters and drives up the probability of market exit of non‐exporters. Consequentially, non‐exporters in industries affected by the negative export shock may enjoy a significantly larger productivity gain compared with their counterparts in other industries, as well as exporters in the same industries. Thus, the negative shocks to the export market result in an indirect pro‐competitive productivity gain for non‐exporters.

Prelude to genocide: “the Armenian question” and the massacres in the Ottoman Empire

The faith of the Ottoman Armenians was closely linked to the decline of the Ottoman Empire in the last decades of the 19th century and the first two decades of the 20th century. The interests of the European diplomacy, the bundle of religious and ethnic communities competing for status and resources, the administrative inefficiency and corruption of state officials and a mischievous rule of Abdul Hamid II created the powder keg that led to a political deterioration for all parties involved in the Ottoman “millet system”. The status-quo of centuries of Muslim ascendancy was succumbing and the sultan’s authority was menaced by the lack of unity between the different state constituents. The Ottoman elite started looking for someone to blame for the fall back and since the Armenians were eager to improve their condition, even working together with the external enemies of the Porte, they gradually became the excellent scapegoat. The political fragility of the Ottoman state made the massacres against the Armenians possible, opening the path for a prospect to better homogenize and strengthen the state: the physical exclusion of Armenians through annihilation or ottomanization/turkification.

Reference Architecture for CIM the Bi-Level Architecture for Efficient Manufacturing BLAEM

The combination of innovative advance and fluctuating client needs are paving the way to continuous changes in the manufacturing environments. As a result, mechanical enterprises aim for the honing of their processes by means of Computer Integrated Manufacturing (CIM). Their holy grail is connecting the shop floor systems to the high business layer systems. Based on our previous literature review on the CIM architectures available in the literature, we have identified six major aspects and detected the limitations of the existing appeals. We attempted to get the better of these fall backs and to be as exhaustive as to cover all 6 aspects through the BLAEM Architecture (Bi-Level Architecture for efficient Manufacturing). Through this paper, we will be presenting an execution of the BLAEM by means of a real case study.

INCULCATING BASIC CATERING TECHNIQUES FOR SUSTAINABLE RETIREMENT AMONG SECONDARY SCHOOL TEACHERS IN OWERRI MUNICIPAL COUNCIL OF IMO STATE

This paper examined the need to inculcate basic Catering Techniques for Sustainable Retirement among Secondary School Teachers in Owerri Municipal Council of Imo State. Generally, it has been observed that secondary school teachers retire to become impoverished the most due to lack of prior acquisition of basic skill to move on with life after retirement. However, considering the devastating effect of Covid-19 pandemic on the living standard of the people across the world, retirees especially those with little or no assistance from family members and government usually fall prey to sickness arising from blood pressure or other health challenges due to nothing to fall back on. Catering techniques needed for the retirees after their retirements were listed in the paper. The intention of this study is to prepare them with catering services techniques so as to equip them meaningfully with the basic knowledge and skill to sustain their living after retirement from active working age. Different catering services were highlighted for the benefit of the Retirees. The paper concludes that, increasing rate of unemployment in Nigeria, and the lingering nature of irregular payment of salaries and retirement benefits, an effective training in the major areas of Home Science (basic catering techniques) will ensure functional and productive life for individuals towards national development. The paper therefore, recommends that the federal Government through her ministry of education should sensitize the public through mass media, seminars, and workshops on the benefit of acquiring basic catering techniques.

Comparing the efficacy of modified thenar eminence technique with conventional thenar eminence technique of mask ventilation during induction of general anaesthesia - A randomised crossover study.

Mask ventilation is one of the important skills required for successful airway management. Following the induction of general anaesthesia, there could be airway obstruction due to fall back of the tongue or soft palate. This obstruction could be overcome by manoeuvring the mandible or inserting airways. The primary objective of the study was to compare the efficacy of modified thenar eminence technique of mask ventilation in improving expired tidal volume (VTE) over conventional thenar eminence technique and the secondary objective was to compare peak airway pressure (PMAX) and ease of mask ventilation between the two techniques. Seventy-six patients were randomised into group M and group C. In group M, the modified thenar eminence technique was performed for five consecutive breaths followed by conventional technique, and vice versa was followed in group C. In each breath, VTE, PMAX and end-tidal carbon dioxide were noted. Participants reported the ease of ventilation score using the Likert scale for each technique. VTE was significantly more in modified thenar eminence technique than conventional technique [mean ± standard deviation, 370 ± 55 ml versus 313 ± 50 ml, P = 0.01]. Ease of ventilation score [median 1.70 (interquartile range (1-2)) versus 2.3 (2-3), P = 0.01] showed that modified technique was easier compared to conventional technique. Modified thenar eminence technique of mask ventilation is superior to the conventional technique in terms of VTE and ease of ventilation in the unanticipated difficult airway.

Psychoanalyzing democracies: Antagonisms, paranoia, and the productivity of depression

Psychoanalyzing democracies: Antagonisms, paranoia, and the productivity of depression

50th Anniversary of TPRC—Research Conference on Communications, Information and Internet Policy: Looking Ahead to the Next 50 Years

50th Anniversary of TPRC—Research Conference on Communications, Information and Internet Policy: Looking Ahead to the Next 50 Years

Has Archaeology Buried the Bible?

Has Archaeology Buried the Bible?

Popular Art, Crime and Urban Order Beyond the State

This article engages with current discussions on the politics of aesthetics to theorize the role of popular art in reproducing or contesting urban orders. Specifically, we engage with scholars who have taken up the work of Jacques Rancière to understand how power structures are normalized through ‘the distribution of the sensible’. Building on and critically engaging with debates on the ‘post-political city’, we suggest that all too often scholars fall back on a binary, state-centric approach that depicts non-state popular aesthetics as either revolutionary and disruptive, or as indicative of an alternative form of oppression. Drawing on our work in Kingston, Jamaica, and Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, we argue that sensorial-political, art-based urban struggles shape multiple urban orders that are distinct but not necessarily antagonistic. Applying Stuart Hall’s work on popular culture to contexts of criminal governance, we show how art is often simultaneously supportive and disruptive of urban orders.

The Immanent Infinite

The Immanent Infinite

World Economic Prospects Monthly

Overview: Higher inflation adds to growth pressures ▀ This month we have raised our global CPI inflation forecast sharply — we now expect inflation to average 5.2% in 2022, 0.7pp higher than a month ago and well above last year's 4.3%. The squeeze on households' real incomes from this and faster than previously expected monetary policy tightening has led us to lower our 2022 global GDP growth forecast by 0.2pp to 4.0%. ▀ The key driver of the upward revision to CPI inflation has been a shift in our oil price forecast. In addition to raising our near‐term forecast in response to the rise in the spot price, we now expect a more gradual fall back in the Brent oil price to $80pb by end 2022, about $13pb higher than we envisaged a month ago. ▀ Higher energy inflation and upward revisions to non‐energy inflation in some advanced economies mean that we now expect CPI inflation to fall more slowly and from a higher starting point than a month ago. ▀ This is likely to prompt a faster pace of monetary policy tightening in many economies. In the US, we now expect four 25bp rate hikes this year and we also pencil in more hikes by central banks in the UK, Canada and Australia as well as a number of EMs. Higher inflation and borrowing costs will squeeze households' spending power and are key to this year's GDP growth downgrades. ▀ On a brighter note, the recent fall in global Covid cases is good news and it supports our existing view that there will be a relatively quick rebound in activity after a weak start to 2022. At a global level, recent Covid developments are not grounds for any upgrade to the activity outlook. ▀ At 4.0%, world GDP growth in 2022 would be much weaker than we anticipated a few months ago, but it is still robust by post‐global financial crisis standards. In 2023, world growth is expected to slow further to a still‐solid 3.6%.