Fake Certificates Research Articles

Towards a blockchain-based certificate authentication system in Vietnam.

Anti-forgery information, transaction verification, and smart contract are functionalities of blockchain technology that can change the traditional business processes of IT applications. These functionalities increase the data transparency, and trust of users in the new application models, thus resolving many different social problems today. In this work, we take all the advantages of this technology to build a blockchain-based authentication system (called the Vietnamese Educational Certification blockchain, which stands for VECefblock) to deal with the delimitation of fake certificate issues in Vietnam. In this direction, firstly, we categorize and analyze blockchain research and application trends to make out our contributions in this domain. Our motivating factor is to curb fake certificates in Vietnam by applying the suitability of blockchain technology to the problem domain. This study proposed some blockchain-based application development principles in order to build a step by step VECefblock with the following procedures: designing overall architecture along with business processes, data mapping structure and implementing the decentralized application that can meet the specific Vietnamese requirements. To test system functionalities, we used Hyperledger Fabric as a blockchain platform that is deployed on the Amazon EC2 cloud. Through performance evaluations, we proved the operability of VECefblock in the practical deployment environment. This experiment also shows the feasibility of our proposal, thus promoting the application of blockchain technology to deal with social problems in general as well as certificate management in Vietnam.

BLOCKCHAIN BASED FRAMEWORK FOR EDUCATIONAL CERTIFICATES VERIFICATION

Document verification is a complex domain that involves various challenging and tedious processes to authenticate. Moreover various types of documents for instance banking documents, government documents, transaction documents, educational certificates etc. might involve customized verification and authentication practices. The content for each type vary significantly, hence requires to be dealt in a distinct manner. For students, educational certificates are the most important documents issued by their universities. However, as the issuing process is not that transparent and verifiable, fake certificates can be easily created. A skilfully generated fake certificate is always hard to detect and can be treated as the original. With the increase of forged documents, credibility of both the document holder and the issuing authority is jeopardized. Blockchain technology has recently emerged as a potential mean for authenticating the document verification process and a significant tool to combat document fraud and misuse. This research aimed to enhance the document verification process using blockchain technology. In this research, authors have identified the security themes required for document verification in the blockchain. This research also identifies the gaps and loopholes in the current blockchain based educational certificate verification solutions. At the end, a blockchain based framework for verifying educational certificates focusing on themes including authentication, authorization, confidentiality, privacy and ownership is proposed using the Hyperledger Fabric Framework.

A Robust Verification System for Recruitment Process by Using Blockchain Technology

In this competitive world, it is hard to get a job. It requires some specific qualifications and experience according to the post. If a person is not fulfilling these required entities, then not able to apply for that post. Therefore, some people, who are not eligible may use different forgery approaches like fake mark sheets, fake experience certificates, fake medical certificates, etc. However, despite being these fake certificates, some people may have a criminal background also. Therefore, large numbers of resources are required to verify the educational records, criminal background, and experience of a person. Therefore, the proposed system provides an efficient solution to these problems using blockchain technology. In the proposed work, we used three different modules like college, organisation, and police. The college is responsible for providing academic qualifications and the organisation is responsible for providing experience while police are responsible for proving and verification of the criminal record. The proposed system is implemented on the Ethereum blockchain platform and effectively can be used by the organisations for verifying the record of their employees.

Integrity and Authenticity of Academic Documents Using Blockchain Approach

Blockchain has a strong capacity to monitor and retain educational records. The paperless future has yet to become a reality, even with the ability to digitally generate documents. Physical copy of records are still regularly printed which makes them susceptible to document fraud. Thus, the issue of fake certificates and academic records has risen drastically. In this paper, we have made a reliable verification method to avoid academic frauds. The idea presented here is developed over Hyperledger. The University or The Educational Institute is responsible for issuing the certificates, mark-sheets, transcripts, etc. and mining it over the blockchain. The student is provided with the hash number which is the reference number. This number serves the reference of the data. The Organization or the Industry Personal using the hash number checks for the integrity of the submitted document. The present study discusses about importance of block chain and it’s applicability especially for the applications like verification of Academic Records.

Penerapan Central Event Information Untuk Mencetak Sertifikat dan Verifikasi Dengan QR Code Menggunakan Global Extreme Programming

A certificate is a document stating that someone has fulfilled certain requirements and can practice in a field. The certificate verification procedure in universities is still a lot done manually and sometimes does not verify the certificate. This results in many fake certificates. To overcome this problem, a website is created that utilizes the QR Code with the aim of quickly accessing data verification of a certificate. With QR Code scanning technology, paper-based document fraud can be easily carried out without high costs. Therefore, the design of information systems or the creation of web-based applications is a solution to provide convenience to users in the process of data processing, data retrieval to report generation. In making this application the author uses the Agile Software Development model with the Global Extreme Programming process model. While the tools used are UML (Unified Modeling Language) and ERD (Entity Relationship Diagram).

THE IMPLEMENTATION OF UNIVERSAL BASIC EDUCATION: THE JOURNEY SO FAR IN BORNO, BAUCHI AND TARABA STATES, NIGERIA

This paper examined the implementation of Universal Basic Education programme in Borno, Bauchi and Taraba states, Nigeria. The major problems that the paper looked at include lack of infrastructural facilities, storage of teaching and learning material and qualified teachers. Observation and documented evidence from the three Ministries of Education, Local Education Authorities and Universal Basic Commission were used in collecting the data. The study revealed that some of the teachers recruited to participate in the programme had fake certificates. This was discovered through verification of results by the UBE commission in Borno state. Despite the problems observed, the UBE has in the three states employed over 7.000 teachers as well as built and renovated classrooms. It was recommended, among other things that, statistical information on the components that makes teaching and learning effective should be considered before embarking on such an important educational programme for the nation.

“Name the Republic that was joined to Russia in 2014:” Russia’s New Civics and History Test for Migrants

This article examines Russia’s civics and history test, which has been mandatory, since January 2015, for millions of labor migrants applying for a work permit. An analysis of the test’s content and of the context in which it was adopted provides a strong case to study how autocracies can use civics tests as instruments of control. Specifically, I argue that the test must be understood in light of Russia’s state-sponsored nationalism, latent xenophobic sentiments, and its increasingly restrictive and incoherent migration policy. Not only are many questions irrelevant or disconnected from migrants’ everyday concerns: their personal experiences of paying bribes, obtaining fake certificates, or being harassed by the police often contradict the correct answers on the exam. While it is doubtful that this test – along with several other new requirements imposed on migrants – will dissuade foreign laborers to seek employment in Russia, it is bound to make them even more vulnerable to bribes.

Corruption and the Nigerian Youth: Implication for Development

Corruption is an anathema to development. Its effects cut across all spheres of life. Despite her natural and human resource endowments, corruption has been a major factor obstructing Nigeria’s sustainable development. Considering the manifestations of corruption among Nigerian students in general, the study examines the impacts of corruption among students of Nigerian tertiary institutions on the country’s sustainable socio-economic and political development. Using both primary and secondary data, the study reveals the diverse manifestations of corruption among the students of Nigerian tertiary institutions. These include but are not limited to examination malpractices, procurement of fake certificates, betting, internet scam etc.ng others which are wrong signals to sustainable development of the country. The study recommends that there is need for re-orientation for hard work, integrity and transparency among the Nigerian students to enhance sustainable development. Task force should be put in place to combat corruption among the Nigerian students.

Degree Certificate Authentication using QR Code and Smartphone

An institution issued a degree certificate to those students who have successfully completed all studies included in the degree. The degree certificate awarded by the University is of prime importance in the person’s life but the production and circulation of fake certificates is cheap because a paper document can easily be forged with the availability of advance printing and copying technologies. Hence, there is a need to adopt a process that can verify and ensure the authenticity of a document. In order to prevent the circulation of fake degree certificates a method is proposed where the integrity of the contents with in the certificate can be verified with the use of QR Code and Smart Phone Application. A QR Code will contain a digital signature over the data such as degree holder’s name, enrollment number, roll number, total marks obtained etc. which will be signed by university authorities. In order to verify the digital signature a person need to use a specific smart phone application which will scan the QR Code and authenticate the certificate.

On the Detection of Fake Certificates via Attribute Correlation

Transport Layer Security (TLS) and its predecessor, SSL, are important cryptographic protocol suites on the Internet. They both implement public key certificates and rely on a group of trusted certificate authorities (i.e., CAs) for peer authentication. Unfortunately, the most recent research reveals that, if any one of the pre-trusted CAs is compromised, fake certificates can be issued to intercept the corresponding SSL/TLS connections. This security vulnerability leads to catastrophic impacts on SSL/TLS-based HTTPS, which is the underlying protocol to provide secure web services for e-commerce, e-mails, etc. To address this problem, we design an attribute dependency-based detection mechanism, called SSLight. SSLight can expose fake certificates by checking whether the certificates contain some attribute dependencies rarely occurring in legitimate samples. We conduct extensive experiments to evaluate SSLight and successfully confirm that SSLight can detect the vast majority of fake certificates issued from any trusted CAs if they are compromised. As a real-world example, we also implement SSLight as a Firefox add-on and examine its capability of exposing existent fake certificates from DigiNotar and Comodo, both of which have made a giant impact around the world.

CA error results in certificate blunder

Another breach of a Certificate Authority (CA) has resulted in fake SSL certificates being issued. But this time it was a breach of process, rather than hacking, and the fake certificates were only being used internally by one organisation.

Cloak and Dagger

One of the most devastating forms of attack on a computer is when the victim doesn’t even know an attack occurred. After some background material, various forms of man in the middle (MITM) attacks, including ARP spoofing, fake SSL certificates, and bypassing SSL are explored. Next, rootkits and botnets, two key pieces of crimeware, are introduced and analyzed. Finally, general strategies to protect against such attacks are suggested.

A morphology screen coding anti-counterfeiting method based on visual characteristics

A paper information anti-fake and tamper-proofing method based on human visual characteristics and morphology screen coding technology is proposed. Through controlling the distribution of mathematical morphology of screen dot-matrix, warning mark and information are hidden in the background texture. Because of the differences between human vision and the duplicate characteristics of copy machine, warning mark which can not be discriminated by human eyes will emerge after copy. Tampered or fake certificates can be verified by comparing embedded information which is extracted from scanned image of certificate with plain text printed on the certificate. This method is applied in many bills and certificates. Experimental results show that the identification accuracy is above 98%