Fair Treatment Research Articles

Critical reflection on the impact of the gig economy on the hospitality workforce

Purpose This paper aims to provide a critical reflection on the impact of the gig economy on the hospitality workforce. The impact of the gig economy on hospitality workforce management is explored, with the paper delving into both theoretical insights and practical implications. Design/methodology/approach This paper offers reflections on the emerging trend of the gig economy and its impacts on the hospitality workforce, based on evidence collected from the selected literature, industry report and authors’ personal reflections. A micro-meso-macro analytical framework was also applied to assist authors in building the arguments and propositions. Findings The findings not only revealed the impacts of the gig economy on the hospitality workforce at micro-meso-macro levels but also underscored its close relationships with various concepts in the hospitality management literature. Both future research directions and practical implications are provided. Practical implications Amid the gig economy’s transformative influence, stakeholders must continually innovate for an empowering and secure work environment. A holistic approach is necessary to establish a harmonious gig ecosystem, ensuring fair treatment, benefits and protection for workers while fostering growth and well-being. Originality/value Throughout the paper, a critical reflection on the impact of the gig economy on the hospitality workforce is presented, along with suggestions for coping with current labor issues in hospitality and tourism. Future research directions are outlined.

Presence: consumers’ different reactions to service and manufacturing firms with low CSR in social conduct

PurposeThis study aims to explain why low social conduct in corporate social responsibility (SC-CSR), especially employee exploitation, has a stronger negative impact on consumer reactions for service firms than for manufacturing firms.Design/methodology/approachFive experiments compared consumer reactions to service and manufacturing firms with low SC-CSR. Study 1 used a choice-based conjoint design to examine the relative importance of various shared attributes when consumers chose services versus goods. Study 2 revealed that low SC-CSR led to more pronounced negative consumers reactions toward service firms. Studies 3A and 3B explained this difference through a serial mediation analysis. Study 4 ruled out an alternative explanation regarding the differentiated effects.FindingsThe results reveal that consumer reactions to employee exploitation in service firms are more negative compared to manufacturing firms. This is because consumers’ sense of presence (i.e. feeling of being there) is stronger in a service setting, leading to more intense empathetic emotions toward service employees.Originality/valueThis research contributes to the CSR literature by challenging the conventional notion that sweatshops are more problematic for manufacturing firms. By contrast, the results indicate a stronger negative effect on service firms. It contributes to the services marketing literature by conceptualizing a novel cognitive mechanism. Traditionally, consumers’ negative reactions are driven by anger. However, the authors show that empathetic feelings toward mistreated employees play a predominant role. While it is imperative for all firms to ensure fair treatment of their employees, the findings underscore the heightened significance of this aspect for service firms, given their susceptibility to more pronounced negative effects.

Indonesia Sebagai Anggota International Centre For Settlement Of Investment Disputes

International Centre For Settlement Of Investment Disputes (ICSID) is an effort to settle investment disputes by means of arbitration. This institution aim to create a just, effective, and fair treatment towards both contracting parties which are (a) investor from another state and (b) host state. As dispute might rise within an investment contract, Indonesia believes that by joining ICSID, the investors will be given the ultimate protection of unfair treatment from Indonesia. This is due to the fact that investors are allowed to bring such dispute into the arbitration of ICSID, should a violation is being conducted. Even if the intention of Indonesia to join ICSID was made in good faith, many violations of the investor’s responsibility result in many cases of ICSID. Moreover, ICSID’s claim to solve a dispute with effective, and fair treatment towards both contracting parties are at stake, considering there are a lot of cases that require more than 10 (ten) years to be settled. Therefore, many people are expressing their concern of Indonesia’s status as one of the ICSID member. The method of this research is based on a Case Based Approach and considered as a normative legal research as it’s type in order to answer the research question regarding Indonesia’s status as an ICSID member.

Has Japan’s work style reform had the intended effect?

ABSTRACT Since 2016, the Japanese government has promoted the reform of work styles to reduce working hours, facilitate flexible working arrangements, and ensure the fair treatment of nonregular workers while improving productivity. Policies such as flexible work styles that leave the time and place of work to the worker’s autonomy and efforts to enhance work efficiency through the use of IT have rapidly penetrated both large companies and medium-sized companies since 2016. We use an original retrospective survey of 847 Japanese firms combined with financial data from 2009 to 2019 to examine how Japan’s work style reforms have affected overtime hours, turnover rates, sales per person, and corporate profits. By estimating fixed effect models, we find that (1) the policies for business prioritization to improve efficiency by outsourcing noncore businesses and taking on more selective orders have had positive effects on sales per employee and profits, (2) flexible work styles have reduced overtime and raised profits, and (3) the effects are heterogeneous: flexible work styles have reduced overtime hours, increased ROA and sales per employee in the service sector, and had significantly negative effects on sales per capita in the nonservice sector. Potential estimation biases are also examined in additional analyses.

Questioning “progressive” gentrification in Asia: evidence from Kampung Sungai Baru, Kuala Lumpur

ABSTRACT This paper critically challenges the notion of “progressive” gentrification in Asia through the debate around the “culture of property” and its naturalizing effect on gentrification in Asian urbanisms. To overcome the cultural essentialism of past research, in this paper I offer phenomenological evidence from a case study of an ongoing eviction in Kampung Sungai Baru, Kuala Lumpur to privilege affected residents’ view. I also use policy document analysis to trace the institutional origin of the “culture of property”. I find that the “culture of property” observed in Kuala Lumpur is shaped by a housing policy that takes a residual approach, leading to increased financialization and anxiety over inheritance. I argue that while “property-mindedness” is prevalent, it does not co-opt residents to unquestioningly accept redevelopment. Instead, it empowers them to resist what they perceive as “rogue redevelopment”. I reveal nuances surrounding residents’ demand for compensation which extends beyond seeking social mobility. These demands arise from a desire to reclaim “sweat equity” and assert their rights to fair treatment. Finally, I find that “development” holds a bigger virtue than property ownership and may motivate residents to support redevelopment projects deemed to carry social benefits.

Areas of professional life and job satisfaction of nurses.

Job satisfaction among nurses is closely related to work environment as well as organizational and professional commitment. Satisfaction is a concept derived from Latin, where "satis" means "enough," as much as is needed to fully satisfy expectations, needs, aspirations, in such a way that there is no room for complaint. Job satisfaction, on the other hand, is formulated as a positive attitude of employees toward the duties of the job, the work environment and other employees. The aim of this paper was to demonstrate how the different areas of nurses' professional life, i.e., workload, control, rewards, community, sense of justice and values, correlate with their perceived job satisfaction. A cross-sectional study was conducted in a group of 509 nurses working in a public hospital in Poland. Data were collected using a survey questionnaire, which consisted of a section containing sociodemographic data and standardized instruments: The Minnesota Satisfaction Questionnaire (MSQ) and The Areas of Worklife Survey (AWS) developed by Maslach and Leiter. Correlations were made using Spearman's rho coefficient. The calculations also used stepwise linear regression analysis after checking certain assumptions, including checking the assumption of normality of residuals and the Durbin-Watson Test. The mean score for the 20 items of the MSQ questionnaire ranged from 3.05 to 3.43 on a 5-point Likert scale. Support from the interdisciplinary team, which concerned assessing the quality of the social environment in the workplace, cooperation and showing positive feelings received the highest rating among respondents (3.51 ± 0.76). The sense of fair treatment at work averaged 3.26 ± 0.58. The area of value conflict within the organization itself or between the employee's values and those of the organization, respondents rated an average of 3.26 ± 0.65. The mean score for all areas of professional work in the surveyed group was 3.09 ± 0.45. As satisfaction in particular areas of work life increases, so does the level of satisfaction in such aspects of work as achievement and a sense of fairness. The higher the level of satisfaction in the area of control, the more the sense of satisfaction with independence increases. The higher the satisfaction of respondents in the areas of values, workload and control, the higher the level of satisfaction with working conditions occurs.

Ethical Principles in Dental Research of Behavioral and Social Factors

Given the importance of conducting research ethically when studying humans, this article involves considerations on basic ethical principles in dental research of behavioral and social factors. Research in these fields contribute to understand social interactions, attitudes, individual and group dynamics. As well, research in these areas not only delve into scientific knowledge of human nature, but also support evidence-based decision-making of health policies and interventions. The four main ethical principles apply to studies on behavioral and social factors. First, respect for persons dictates researchers must protect participants’ autonomy, which is the basis for informed consent. Moreover, the principle of beneficence refers to act in such a way that participants benefit from taking part of a research study. Also, beneficence promotes participants’ safety and well-being. Non-maleficence requires that researchers avoid or minimize harm to others. Justice implies fair treatment. Additional aspects of justice involve respecting participants’ privacy and confidentiality. Ethical principles require interpretation. Therefore, some examples are provided, aiming that researchers overview and apply these norms. Ethical judgement and appropriate decision making are of great importance at any stage of research with human beings.

Multiculturalism in ‘troubled’ times: meeting diversity’s challenges with care

ABSTRACT Superdiversity now highlights the complexity of diverse societies. Celebrating and encouraging diverse populations, therefore, remains a priority to ensure fair and equitable treatment for all. Multiculturalism, once seen as part of the solution to diversity issues, is now regarded as problematic, although this is by no means new. Asian contexts have rarely been hospitable milieus for liberal multiculturalism. Although diversity and heterogeneity characterize most Asian societies only responses consistent with ‘local values’, are allowable. In the West, many scholars (and politicians) have advocated the abandonment of multiculturalism creating a contested agenda for responding to diversity. In the current context there are no commonly agreed attitudinal or behavioral norms capable of responding. Attention needs to be paid to identifying alternatives that can contribute to the development of positive relationships, irrespective of social and political contexts. This paper seeks to do this by considering the role of care ethics.

The effect of interactional justice on organizational citizenship behavior in Vietnam: A mediating role of work engagement

This study aims to explore how fair and respectful treatment (interactional justice) influences employees' willingness to go above and beyond their job requirements (organizational citizenship behavior, or OCB) and whether being engaged and committed to their work (work engagement) plays a role in this process. We gathered data from 350 employees at companies in Vietnam. The results showed that when employees feel they are treated fairly and with respect, they are more likely to exhibit behaviors that benefit the organization beyond their normal job duties. Furthermore, the study found that being actively involved and committed to their work helps explain how fair treatment leads to these extra efforts. Managers can encourage such positive behaviors by ensuring employees feel respected and supported, acknowledging their individual needs, and creating a positive work environment. When employees perceive their treatment as fair, they feel more positive, dedicated, and responsible toward their work and the organization, leading them to engage in OCB. This research adds to existing knowledge by showing how work engagement helps explain the effect of fair treatment on OCB, offering insights for managers on how to enhance such behaviors among employees.

Article: The FET Standard between Treaty Reform and ISDS Practice: An Analysis of the Modernized ECT

The Modernization of the Energy Charter Treaty (ECT) counts as a prominent attempt to better incorporate climate change considerations into an investment treaty that is highly impactful from a climate change perspective. Among other initiatives, reform efforts in the ECT Modernization have led to amendments of key standards of treatment providing the substantive legal basis for claims by foreign investors. Focusing on the Fair and Equitable Treatment (FET) standard, this article contrasts the new treaty provision under Article 10 of the ‘modernized’ ECT with consolidated interpretations of the FET standard in previous arbitral practice. Building on such a jurisprudential analysis, this article evaluates the extent to which reformed standards of investment protection in the Modernized ECT can lead to an increased likelihood of climate-aligned outcomes in investor-State disputes, thereby providing an analytical assessment as to the potential of the newly introduced ECT provisions on FET – which may also serve as benchmark for further reforms of international investment agreements (IIAs) – to expand regulatory space for host States and support the adoption of more stringent climate policies. Fair and Equitable Treatment, Energy Charter Treaty, Modernization, Investor-State Dispute Settlement, Climate Change, Regulatory Space, Investment Arbitration, Fossil Fuels, Legitimate Expectations, Treaty Reform

The Future of Diversity, Equity, and Inclusion in Embattled Environments: The Challenge to Educators and Providers Serving a Growingly More Diverse Geriatric Population and How to Overcome that Challenge

Diversity, Equity, and Inclusion (DEI) is the organizational approach to ensure fair treatment and welcomed participation of all groups. We can trace the roots of DEI back to the 1906’s civil rights movement and the African American struggle. As the movement evolved, it encompassed other groups vulnerable to discrimination. These groups include people of different ages, races, religions, ethnicities, different physical abilities, neurodiversity, socioeconomic means, genders, and sexual orientations.DEI is an important aspect of our healthcare institutions in the way of recruitment, admission, hiring, promotions, and practices. DEI is now under fire in several states. This has implications for the quality of training, effectiveness, and delivery of healthcare to all diverse populations. Our geriatric populations have grown more diverse by way of an aging immigrant population entering the healthcare system, as well as our own native-born needing more access to healthcare as they've aged. With these populations in mind, the need to continue creating and nurturing a diverse provider culture that is attuned to the complex needs of this growingly more diverse aging population is imperative.At the time of this writing, there have been 30 bills that seek to eliminate DEI from public institutions. Texas has passed Senate Bill 17 which bans diversity programs in public universities. The state of Florida teetered on effectively banning AP Psychology courses as part of the governor's “Stop W.O.K.E Act.” This is an effort to stop teachings about sexual and gender identity topics. Florida has also been in the news for school history curriculum proposals that would teach how some blacks benefitted from slavery. Just as states are eliminating once-protected aspects of reproductive rights and generating talk of reproductive bans on a Federal level, DEI is following this course. This country may methodically eliminate DEI at its peril. We must examine the effects this might have on our academic and clinical practices and our endeavor to deliver thoughtful inclusive health care to our aging population.

ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT AND JUSTICE SYSTEM IN BANGLADESH: ISSUES AND LEGAL FRAMEWORK

This paper presents environmental justice in Bangladesh which is connected with the human development, implementation and enforcement of environmental laws, regulations and policies. Environmental justice means the fair treatment of all people without discrimination of race, color, national origin and also include the development, implementation and enforcement of environmental laws, regulations, and policies. Environmental justice is very essential for the human rights which effects human lives as well as sustainable development of the country. Environmental justice also include protection against natural disasters, mass displacement, maintenance of natural resources, protection against health threats and livelihood of the Human being. Environmental justice ensures all people’s enjoyment of human rights, economic development, health protection above all healthy environment for life. There are also various environmental issues like global warming, over population, Waste disposal, Ocean acidification, loss of biodiversity, deforestation which are harmful for human lives. The Environmental problems in Bangladesh are climate change, cyclone, flood, drought, earthquake, riverbank erosion, air pollution, water pollution, soil pollution, and noise pollution etc. Environmental Justice System is the burning issues of the world and human existence depends on the sustainable development of the environment.
 

Non-standard employment and underemployment at labor market entry and their impact on later wage trajectories

Using data from the Australian Household, Income, and Labour Dynamics in Australia (HILDA) Survey (2001–2020), we examine how combined patterns of non-standard employment and underemployment in the early career shape later wage trajectories, paying careful attention to gender differences on a representative sample of Australian young men ( N = 470) and women ( N = 497). By combining multichannel sequence analysis and random effects panel models, we make three central findings. First, we identify seven distinct early employment trajectories, with the “standard” career, characterized by stable, full-time permanent jobs in the first 5 years post-education, being the most prevalent. Second, we find that combined patterns of non-standard employment and underemployment during early careers are associated with significant wage penalties. However, these wage penalties diminish within 10 years. Third, enduring and widening wage disparities are found only among youth primarily unemployed or inactive early in their careers. These penalties are particularly pronounced among men, underscoring the influence of the “ideal” worker norm. Overall, integrating underemployed jobseekers into the workforce and addressing gender-based biases should be a priority for policymakers to ensure equal opportunities and fair treatment for all workers in the labor market.

Tackling Youth Unemployment in GCC Region: Reaching Beyond National Barriers

This study delves into the multifaceted issue of youth unemployment in the countries of the Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC), where it is nearly twice as high as the average unemployment rate in the region. Given that, a significant proportion of the population in these countries comprises of youth; this problem poses a significant obstacle to the development of a knowledge-based economy. Furthermore, the lack of youth participation in the labor market has become a pressing issue, thwarting national and United Nations’ sustainable development goals (SDG) related to decent work which strives to ensure workers are getting fair treatment and pay. The study reveals that youth in the GCC are underutilized, with they being five times more likely to be unemployed compared to adults. The problem is particularly acute among females. This paper outlines the limitations of nationalization policies aimed at increasing youth labor participation and provides policy recommendations that take into account the diverse perspectives of different stakeholders and the varying situations in different countries.

Comparative study of arterial doppler with digital subtraction angiography in lower limb peripheral arterial disease: a protocol

Background One of the serious cardiovascular conditions is peripheral arterial disease; in which distinctive feature is diminished blood supply towards the lower extremities, frequently because of atherosclerotic occlusive disease. Methods We will compare arterial Doppler with digital subtraction angiography in peripheral lower limb occlusive arterial sickness; to determine Peripheral Arterial Disease along with its location and stenosis severity on Duplex Ultra-Sonography and Digital Subtraction Angiography; and to determine the segment-to-segment agreement of the arterial tree within Duplex Ultra-Sonography and Digital Subtraction Angiography. Implications This will encourage the participants for periodic investigation and proper use of medications which will improve hospital/facility outcome. It will be helpful for older individuals how are more susceptible to peripheral artery disease. A fair accurate treatment options will be given to patients. Limitations Findings will only be applicable to our organization because the study will be done at one tertiary care hospital, limiting their external validity and generalizability.

Penyelenggaraan Dan Pembentukan Peraturan Daerah Bantuan Hukum Masyarakat Miskin

This study aims to determine the form of the implementation of legal aid to the people who are in the area and to find out the basic authority of the regional government as an autonomous region in forming regional regulations regarding the implementation of legal aid for the poor. The normative juridical method is carried out through a literature study that examines mainly secondary data in the form of laws and regulations or other legal documents, as well as research results, study results and other references. In seeing the accuracy of the functioning of a statutory regulation. The implementation of legal assistance to the poor in the regions needs to be further optimized, looking at the constitutional basis of the 1945 Constitution of the Republic of Indonesia Article 27 paragraph (1) of the 1945 Constitution of the Republic of Indonesia confirms "all citizens have the same position before law and government and are obliged to uphold the law and government without except". Article 28 paragraph (1) of the 1945 Constitution of the Republic of Indonesia "Everyone has the right to recognition, guarantees, protection and fair legal certainty and equal treatment before the law". That the reach of access to justice for the poor in the regions is a constitutional right as a citizen, through the formation of regional regulations and other implementing regulations it is very necessary as a form of legal protection so that its implementation can be directed as the embodiment of the principle of equality before the law.

Examining the Effect of Organizational Justice on Turnover Intention and the Moderating Role of Generational Differences: Evidence from Korean Public Employees

The government sector in South Korea is witnessing a significant increase in employee turnover rates, a phenomenon that challenges the notion of organizational sustainability. This trend is particularly influenced by the influx of Generation MZ public employees who possess professional values distinct from those of older generations, thereby eroding the longstanding view of public service as a lifelong commitment. This shift necessitates the implementation of human resource management strategies that prioritize organizational justice to effectively reduce turnover intention in public employees, especially among the MZ generation, whose members strongly demand fair compensation and treatment. This study delves into the impact of distributive, procedural, and interactional justice on the turnover intentions of public employees while also exploring how these effects vary between Generation MZ and older generations. The study’s findings indicate that all three dimensions of justice inversely affect turnover intention. Interestingly, while generational differences do not significantly moderate the effects of distributive justice and interactional justice on turnover intentions, the influence of procedural justice in mitigating turnover intention is more pronounced among Generation MZ employees compared to their older counterparts. These insights highlight the critical need for human resource practices that bolster organizational justice. In public organizations with a significant number of Generation MZ employees, enhancing procedural justice can effectively reduce their intentions to leave. Additionally, the study underscores the importance of devising generational management strategies, particularly those that focus on fair processes for compensation distribution and supervisor treatment, to curb turnover intention, especially within the Generation MZ cohort of public employees in South Korea.

Exploring Elements of Inclusive Community Development: Insights from Sinau Bareng with Emha Ainun Nadjib

The exploration and application of elements in organizations and communities can be an essential foundation for building inclusive and equitable communities. This study aims to describe the relationship of elements in building an inclusive and fair community in Sinau Bareng with Emha Ainun Nadjib. This qualitative research uses a descriptive approach. Researchers used three data mining techniques: comprehensive interviews, participatory observation, and documentation studies. This research study shows that the elements in Sinau Bareng are advocacy of social responsibility, ethical foundations, critical-creative thinking, transcendental leadership, and inclusive and equitable community development. Those elements make up an inclusive and equitable community. Social responsibility advocacy produces positive and sustainable change by considering the needs of individuals or groups. The ethical foundation guarantees that organizations act pretty, honestly, responsibly, and transparently. Critical, creative thinking is essential in promoting social responsibility, inclusive and equitable community development, and the practice of transcendental leadership. Transcendental leadership emphasizes the importance of transcendent leaders' inspiration, direction, and guidance in taking individuals and organizations to greater heights. Inclusive and equitable community-building accepts and supports diversity, respects individual needs and aspirations, and ensures fair treatment for all members.

Enhancing organizational well-being and growth: The value of ombud services and the development of ombud consultation evaluation survey

The role of an organizational ombud (formerly ombudsman) is increasingly recognized as a significant contributor to fostering a healthy workplace environment. This specialized service offers an impartial, confidential, informal, and independent resource for employees and executives, addressing their concerns, mediating conflicts, and promoting fair treatment within the organization. While the role of an ombud may vary from one organization to another, this article sheds light on the findings of our ombud’s office and its contribution to the health of an organization. The ombud consultation evaluation survey serves as a valuable tool for organizations to simultaneously safeguard the health of their employees and the health of their business. The ombud confidential services serve as a cornerstone of organizational health, contributing to enhanced employee satisfaction, improved conflict resolution, ethical compliance, increased productivity, and reduced legal risks.

Role of Sustainability and Ethics in Fashion Design and Production in South America

Purpose: The aim of the study was to investigate the role of sustainability and ethics in fashion design and production.
 Methodology: This study adopted a desk methodology. A desk study research design is commonly known as secondary data collection. This is basically collecting data from existing resources preferably because of its low cost advantage as compared to a field research. Our current study looked into already published studies and reports as the data was easily accessed through online journals and libraries.
 Findings: Sustainability and ethics are pivotal in fashion design and production, shaping decisions across the supply chain. They drive innovation, reduce environmental impact, and ensure fair treatment of workers. Brands prioritizing sustainability and ethics meet consumer demands, fostering industry resilience and positive social impact. Integrating these principles is crucial for promoting a sustainable and responsible fashion industry.
 Unique Contribution to Theory, Practice and Policy: Sustainability theory, ethical fashion theory & systems theory may be used to anchor future studies on the role of sustainability and ethics in fashion design and production. Fashion designers and brands should prioritize sustainable materials, production processes, and supply chain practices. Governments and regulatory bodies play a critical role in establishing frameworks and incentives that encourage sustainable and ethical practices in the fashion industry.