Fair Treatment Research Articles

Organizational justice and employee acceptance of management decisions: the mediating role of perceived organizational adaptation to hindering external conditions

PurposePrevious research has demonstrated that the experience of fair treatment (organizational justice) motivates workers to accept their leaders’ decisions, even when these decisions are viewed as unfavorable. We aim at extending these findings by testing for mediating effects of the perceived impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the organization as a particular example of a hindering external condition. We expected that employees’ perception of management response to the pandemic would partly mediate the effect of organizational fairness on employee compliance.Design/methodology/approachIn Study 1 we surveyed a nationally representative (N = 1,001) sample of employees. In Study 2 we used a representative sample (N = 250) of those workers who were laid off during the pandemic.FindingsWe show that an organization’s perceived ability to adapt to the pandemic partly mediated the relationship between organizational justice and acceptance of management decisions. Employees who were treated fairly were more ready to accept management decisions and viewed their organization as better prepared for hindering external conditions such as COVID-19. Their perceptions of organization’s ability to adapt partly mediated the effect of organizational justice on decision acceptance.Originality/valueOur study is among the first to identify a link between organizational fairness and organizational adaptation. We show that employees perceive fair organizations as better prepared for external shocks.

Procedural Aspects of Overcoming Sovereign Immunity: Relevance for Ukraine and the International Legal Order (SDG'S)

Objective: The object of this research article is the procedural domestic and international aspects of overcoming the sovereign immunity of a State that has committed military aggression, violating international humanitarian law and human rights law, with a focus on compensation for the damage caused by such actions. Method: The method of study involves a critical analysis of the approaches taken by the Supreme Court of Ukraine to overcome jurisdictional immunity, in light of international law norms. The authors employs a combination of legal analysis, case law examination, and comparative analysis of international practices to evaluate the compliance of the court's decisions with conventional provisions on compensation for damages. Results: This research article analyses the procedural domestic and international aspects of overcoming the sovereign immunity of a State whose military aggression has violated international humanitarian law and human rights law, and on this basis raises the issue of compensation for the damage caused by such actions. Special attention is paid to the approaches to overcoming jurisdictional immunity by the Supreme Court of Ukraine. Taking into account the norms of international law, the author critically analyses the court's compliance with the conventional provisions establishing the procedure for consideration of cases on compensation for damages. The aggressor State's disregard for the norms and principles of international law, sovereignty of other States, and international good faith does not give rise to a disregard for the norms of international law based on the principle of reciprocity. The author emphasises that compliance with the rules on court proceedings must comply with the conventional requirements, and this should be the basis for national case law on school compensation. The authors analyses legal immunities and jurisdictional immunity of the State in particular in the context of ensuring justice, which, according to international standards, is the basis for fair treatment of victims of armed aggression and ensuring access to justice. Contribution: It is noted that the application of the rules of jurisdictional immunity is the basis for limiting the right to a trial, which should be proportionate. The authors identifies the prospects for the development of international practice of interpreting the areas of ensuring the right to a fair trial, in particular, based on the practice of international courts. The author summarises the directions of changing approaches to the validity of the application of absolute immunity, and the dynamic interpretation of the legitimate purpose of limiting the right to a court, which is necessary and permissible provided that the essence of this right is preserved. The author emphasises the importance of the effectiveness of reparations as a principle and its significance for the development and provision of transitional justice in Ukraine.

The mediating role of shareholders score in fostering environmental innovation through integrated reporting: insight from Japan

Purpose This study aims to investigate the relationship between integrated reporting, environmental innovation and the mediating effect of shareholder scores within the context of Japan. Design/methodology/approach SEM on panel data are used to study the impact of the role of shareholder scores in mediating the effect of integrated reporting on environmental innovation. This empirical study was based on a sample of 420 companies operating in Japan for the period spanning 2010 and 2022. Findings Drawing upon empirical results, this research uncovers the pivotal role of the shareholder's score as a mediating factor in this relationship. A higher shareholder score signifies a governance structure that values shareholder input and fairness in treatment. Empowered shareholders leverage their influence to advocate for transparent reporting practices that encompass environmental considerations. Consequently, firms with elevated shareholder scores are more inclined toward environmental innovation, aligning their strategies with sustainability imperatives. Originality/value The findings contribute to understanding of how corporate governance mechanisms, particularly shareholder empowerment, interact with reporting practices to drive environmental initiatives, providing valuable implications for sustainable business practices globally.

Shattered innocence: uncovering the epidemic of sexual violence against women workers in Dhaka, Bangladesh

Purpose This study aims to explore the prevalence and patterns of workplace sexual violence against women workers in Dhaka, Bangladesh. Design/methodology/approach This study used a mixed-methods approach to investigate workplace sexual violence against women workers in Dhaka, Bangladesh. Data collection spanned four months, using structured interviews, self-administered questionnaires and qualitative methods such as in-depth interviews and focus group discussions. A stratified random sampling technique ensured a diverse representation across sectors like garment manufacturing, domestic work and construction. Quantitative data from 384 respondents were analyzed using descriptive statistics and Pearson correlation analysis, while qualitative data provided practical insights into participants' experiences. Limitations included sample specificity to Dhaka, underreporting bias and potential biases in self-reported data, impacting generalizability and data validity. Findings The findings reveal significant demographic trends, with younger age groups (16–35 years) experiencing higher rates of harassment, particularly within the garment industry. Occupation-wise, garment workers report more incidents of harassment, while housemaids and child domestic workers face comparatively lower risks. The length of time in current employment shows mixed correlations with harassment prevalence. Fears of job loss, social stigma and reliance on internal resolution mechanisms within workplaces influence reporting behaviors. Practical implications This research highlights the urgent need for tailored interventions to protect young women in the garment sector and vulnerable occupations from sexual harassment. Policy reforms should enhance reporting mechanisms and address cultural barriers to reporting, ensuring safer workplaces and fair treatment for all female workers in Bangladesh. Originality/value This research contributes original insights by examining demographic correlates of sexual harassment across diverse occupations in Dhaka, Bangladesh. It uniquely identifies age-related vulnerabilities, occupational disparities and reporting behaviors, offering a comprehensive framework for understanding and addressing sexual violence in a critical socio-economic context.

Procedural fairness during university education and students’ trust in science and scientists

ABSTRACT Procedural fairness encourages numerous beneficial organizational behaviors across many institutional settings, including schools. However, little research has explored the consequences of fair treatment in the higher education context. To address this gap, we conducted three studies exploring whether students’ experience of procedural (un)fairness during university education predicts their trust in scientists in particular and trust in science, generally. The participants were university students from Poland (N = 240), the UK (N = 500), and the US (N = 501) recruited through online panels. In all three studies, we administered a questionnaire about students’ experiences of treatment during university studies. We used regression analysis (Studies 1 and 2) and Structural Equation Modelling (Study 3) for data analysis. We found that students’ experience of procedural justice was positively correlated with their trust in science, and negatively linked with their belief in conspiracy theories about COVID-19 vaccines. This effect was partially mediated by students’ trust in scientists in Study 2 and fully mediated in Study 3. In other words, interacting with fair academic teachers leads students to trust scientists initially and ultimately develop trust in science in general. The experience of fairness also reduces conspiracy beliefs, a finding especially salient in the light of the recent pandemic. Our research supports the understanding that trust is relational and interpersonal rather than an abstract and generalized attitude. We also contribute to the study of higher education by highlighting the significance of quality academic experience for shaping students’ broader attitudes.

Eliminating racial discrimination of employees: An assessment of the Employment Equity Act 55 of 1998, as amended

The Employment Equity Act 55 of 1998, as amended, was enacted inter alia to "achieve equity in the workplace by promoting equal opportunity and fair treatment in employment through the elimination of unfair discrimination". In terms of the Act, no person may discriminate against an employee unfairly, but research shows that racial discrimination of black employees persists, despite the promulgation of the Act. The objective of this article is to determine whether the Employment Equity Act 55 of 1998, as amended is the appropriate vehicle to eliminate racial discrimination of black employees. This is undertaken through the lens of critical race theory, which analyses the ways in which ignoring the importance of race perpetuates oppression. Although critical race theory was developed in the United States, it is relevant to South Africa given that black employees are still subjected to racial discrimination even many years after the end of apartheid. The tenets of critical race theory include structural determinism; the critique of liberalism; social science insights, historical analysis and multidisciplinary thinking; intersectionality; storytelling, narrative, and naming one's reality; and anti-essentialism. This article examines each tenet and shows how they relate to the Act. The contention is that the Employment Equity Act 55 of 1998, as amended is not the most appropriate vehicle for eliminating racial discrimination of black employees in South Africa.

Marital Discord and Pursuit of Gender Equality in Manju Kapur’s Custody Novel

The landscape of Indian literature has never been found to be equal in contribution from both the genders. It has always been dominated by male writers. It is very fair to say that the aspirations and expectations of Indian women have been largely confined to the ambit of moral and social commitments prevailing in our country. By and large, the Indian women writers in English have come from higher social strata and they do not have felt experience regarding reality of life in India. Despite it, they have started questioning the wisdom of prominent old patriarchal domination and they are no longer willing to play a subservient role to men. They have proved their mettle in literature both qualitative and quantitative wise. In the modern English fiction, the emergence of women centred or feminist approaches have been major developments. For establishing their identity, several Indian women writers have been delving deep into female subjectivity. The image portrayed by these writers regarding women has undergone a complete change. It is due to a paradigm shift in the attitude of the Indian women writers in portraying women as self -sacrificing persons to strong individuals trying to establish their identity. Among the prominent Indian women writers, Manju Kapur has carved a niche for herself by highlighting issues pertaining to patriarchy, family bonding, male –female bonding, inter religious marriage and co -existence of past and present. In 20th century, the works of Indian women writers have been considered as powerful equipment for making modernist and feminist statements. Feminism in India became an accepted doctrine and it was able to gradually set aside the male supremacy prevailing in the society. In fact, the history of feminism in India can be considered in three different phases. The first phase started when the British initiated steps against evil Sati practice. The next co-related with Quit India movement and the third took place after independence when there was a clamour for fair treatment from feminine gender after marriage. This article explains the part played by feminine gender at the domestic front and their willingness to be economically and socially independent and the challenges faced by them in attaining independence in a male dominated society.

Towards Achieving Substantive Justice: The Importance of Extending the Time Limit for Resolving Presidential Election Disputes

Presidential election dispute resolution (PHPU) is complicated because its scope covers the entire territory of Indonesia and its application to Indonesian citizens in various parts of the world. The PHPU dispute resolution process must also guarantee maximum protection of constitutional rights. This research uses normative research methods using secondary data sources. This aims to assess the urgency of extending the deadline for resolving presidential election disputes, which is currently 14 working days from the date of submission. Research sculpture approach and conceptual approach. These findings illustrate the need for changes to legislation to extend the time limit for resolving PHPU disputes beyond the existing 14-day limit. In practice, this time period does not provide maximum opportunity for the presentation of evidence. Historical analysis shows that from the 2004 presidential election to 2024, not a single PHPU demand has been granted, mainly because the demand cannot be proven. The author emphasizes that a time limit that is too early does not guarantee substantive justice, which includes not only fair and accurate decision-making, so rational considerations are needed that produce rational and logical decisions and a process that allows each party to present their arguments comprehensively and obtain fair treatment in the judicial process.

Reflecting Pancasila in Environmental Crimes Enforcement: Diffusing Values to Indonesia’s Laws

Pancasila and the 1945 Constitution play crucial roles in shaping Indonesia's governance, societal values, and legal framework, particularly in safeguarding the right to a clean and healthy environment. However, environmental destruction persists due to inadequate corporate accountability enforcement and systemic flaws. Hence, the article examines Indonesia's regulatory approach to holding corporations accountable for environmental crimes through the lens of Pancasila. It explores how Pancasila's principles influence environmental regulations, emphasizing nature harmony, fair treatment, and social justice. Effective enforcement aligned with these principles can promote sustainable development and environmental protection. Challenges like regulatory gaps and corruption need addressing. Building an optimal framework entails integrating Pancasila values into preventive and punitive measures, ensuring transparency, community participation, and fair enforcement. Success hinges on robust legal structures and public involvement, with initiatives like corporate collaboration, transparency, and strict liability enforcement. Implementation requires the establishment of mechanisms such as an Environmental Court and community oversight for victim recovery. This article uses a normative approach elaborated through a conceptual and statute approach.

Strategy actions to include students in a private hospital's nursing teams: A qualitative study.

Student nurse education focusses on preparing competent professionals integral to nursing teams. To develop strategic actions to include student nurses within the nursing team. A private healthcare group in South Africa. A qualitative approach in three phases was used. Thirty purposively sampled participants recorded reflective journals in phase one. Tesch's eight steps were utilised for analysis. Phase two involved non-probability volunteer sampling of 11 participants for the nominal group technique analysis. In phase three, total population sampling recruited nine panellists for an e-Delphi technique that provided data that were open coded. Phase one identified themes, including perceptions of responsibilities, support needs, recognition, conflict and communication issues. Phase two revealed five strategic actions: fair treatment, aligned work allocation, active participation, respect and acknowledgement of contributions. Phase three validated 19 strategic statements underpinning the strategic actions. Unit managers play a key role in fostering inclusivity, impacting student nurse retention. Enhancing team cohesion can improve workplace wellness and patient outcomes while aiding in retention and recruitment efforts.

The impact of diversity statements on age diversity: More than just window-dressing?

Abstract Many organizations are committed to age diversity and inclusion, aiming for a fair treatment and balanced representation of younger and older employees in all units of the organization. However, the continuing workplace discrimination against mature workers demonstrates that older employees are often excluded and remain underrepresented. Hence, organizations still struggle to reach their diversity goals and finding ways to effectively foster employee behaviors that result in more age diversity is therefore crucial. We investigate the impact of age diversity statements on selecting older and younger individuals into teams in 3 experimental studies. We find consistent evidence that when building teams, short diversity statements increase the selection rates of older individuals so that teams become more age balanced. With no age diversity statement in place, older teammates are hardly chosen, showing that diversity statements can help overcome negative age bias. We found no evidence that age diversity statements produce unintended negative side-effects in terms of increased bias based on dimensions other than age. Overall, this research provides a first examination and encouraging conclusions regarding the effectiveness of age diversity statements, laying the groundwork for more field research in this area.

FATHER AS A PILLAR OF STRENGTH, GUIDE, FRIEND

ABSTRACT: Aim: The aim of the article is to present the role of father as a pillar of strength, guide and a friend. As a person whose task is to build a relationship with a child and provide him with the elements of internal stability necessary for proper development. Methods: This article uses the observational and analytical-synthetic methods of the literature on the subject. Results: The conclusions drawn from observations and research on the subject literature indicate that modern families are faced with a lack of parenting competences, and the line between the rights and obligations arising from the role of parents has become blurred. It is worth emphasizing the father's authority, which depends on his attitude and involvement in his educational role in the context of transforming fatherhood in the 21st century. The role of the father was raised, which is part of the form of traditional and new fatherhood, because being a father is a challenge, which not every man can cope with. The father plays the role of a teacher, on the one hand shaping the child's personality, raising his awareness, teaching humility, responsibility, introspection, fair treatment of all, and on the other hand teaching the art of coping with everyday life. Originality: The originality of the article is proven by the analysis of the literature on the subject, daily observation of the social behavior of the local community of fathers, the results of scientific research and conclusions resulting from information collected in the form of a review of previously published works of an empirical, theoretical and analytical nature on the issue of fatherhood. Kew words: father, authority, role, building relationships, traditional fatherhood, new fatherhood, pillar of strength, friend, guide.

From South Africa to the World: The Political and Legal Legacies of Chinese Indenture in the Transvaal

ABSTRACT This article examines the term ‘new slavery’, short for ‘a new form of slavery’, as used by Liberal British Parliament members and white South African trade unionists in opposition to the recruitment of Chinese indentured labourers to work in the Transvaal gold mines. The recruitment of Chinese indentured labourers emerged following the South Africa War (1899-1902) in response to African ‘native’ labourers’ refusal to return to the mines. This article explores how the Transvaal’s distinct indentured labour system, characterized by coercive features akin to those in the Indian indentured labour system, and further defined by mandatory repatriation, fines for assisting labourers in contract violation and the establishment of a Chinese consulate for fair treatment, set a precedent for global labour programmes. These specific conditions of the Transvaal system influenced the development of subsequent labour initiatives, particularly the Chinese Labour Corps during World War I. The article provides an overview of the overlaps between these programmes and highlights the enduring impact of the Transvaal system on the evolution of global labour practices including modern guest worker programmes.

Implementasi Prinsip – Prinsip Good Corporate Governance (GCG) pada Bank Syariah Indonesia KCP.Panyabungan Mandailing Natal

This study aims to evaluate the application of the principles of Good Corporate Governance (GCG) at Bank Syariah Indonesia Kcp. Panyabungan Mandailing Natal. The implementation of GCG is very important for Islamic banks to ensure transparent, accountable, responsible, independent, and fair operations, in accordance with sharia principles. The research method used is a qualitative approach with a descriptive method, involving interviews with bank staff and direct observation at the research location. The results showed that Bank Syariah Indonesia Kcp. Panyabungan has implemented GCG principles well. Transparency is evident from the disclosure of accurate and timely information. Accountability is realized through the supervision and accountability of the board of commissioners and directors. The bank complies with laws and regulations and sharia principles as part of its responsibility. Independence is achieved through decision-making that is free from external pressure, while fairness is reflected in fair treatment to all stakeholders. Although the results show good GCG implementation, there is a need to continue strengthening GCG implementation to maintain the integrity and sustainability of the bank in the long run.

INTEGRATING ISLAMIC BUSINESS ETHICS IN LABOR PROTECTION AND MINIMUM WAGE DETERMINATION IN INDONESIA

Policies related to the minimum wage are a contentious issue in employment across both developed and developing countries, aiming to meet community needs and benefit families. However, a research gap exists in applying justice and moral principles to wage determination from the perspective of Sharia economic law in Indonesia. This study aims to analyze fair wage components according to Islam and the role of business ethics in protecting workers and determining wages. Employing a literature review method, data were gathered from various sources such as books, journals, and previous research findings, which were reviewed and analyzed using descriptive analysis techniques. The study emphasizes the importance of justice and moral components in Islamic wage determination, rooted in the absolute essence granted by God, essential for morality. Business ethics in work protection and wage determination are crucial to ensure fair treatment and prevent exploitation. Recommended steps include optimal labor protection and wage determination, timely payment of agreed wages, recognition and guarantee of labor, fair wage determination without harm, and providing worker freedom. The study's novelty lies in integrating Islamic principles of justice and morality into minimum wage policies and developing practical business ethics guidelines for labor protection and wage determination under Sharia economic law in Indonesia.

THE CONCEPT OF NETWORK NEUTRALITY

Technology is meant to give people a platform to express themselves. Therefore, network neutrality is a creation for platform where contents, applications, services are to move on the internet without any form of restrictions. It is worrisome to some that internet providers are beginning to give unfair advantage to some data streams thereby making it almost difficult for smaller content creators and to grow. Network neutrality is the principle that internet provider and the Government should treat internet traffic the same. It connotes putting policy and regulatory measures in place to ensure open access and fair treatment of all internet users. This paper discusses the concept of network neutrality according to Tim Wu. It also considers the advantages and disadvantages of network neutrality. It discusses network neutrality in the United States and also the provisions of the Draft code released by the Nigerian Communication Commission in 2017. Hence, a doctrinal methodology was adopted using primary and secondary sources

Beyond awareness: Social justice agents and preservice teacher possible selves

Despite significant inequalities in Australian education, social justice appears absent in recent government reports and low in foreshadowed practical changes to teacher education programs. This study analyzes 13 transcripts from preservice teacher interviews and 94 related university assignments in a four-year Australian teaching degree. Findings revealed social justice as multi-dimensional, including selected group association, fair and equitable treatment, and strategies to achieve inclusion. Such tangible ideas are helpful; however, newly graduated teachers also require progressive exposure to enact these ideas in context to gain confidence and realize the potential inherent in their aspirations to support student inclusion.

THE ADMINISTRATIVE JUSTICE OF THE REPUBLIC OF KAZAKHSTAN AS AN INSTRUMENT AND SUPPORT OF THE HEARING STATE

As we know, administrative justice is a kind of legal institution of judicial protection necessary to restore violated subjective rights, freedoms of citizens, legitimate interests of legal entities and other organizations by monitoring compliance with the law-abiding state in the public administration system, a special procedure for consideration and resolution of administrative and legal disputes arising from managerial relations. Administrative justice is aimed at ensuring the adoption of legally sound, timely, fair and understandable decisions in cases concerning the rights of people. Administrative justice ensures the rights of citizens in the administrative process. Finally, administrative justice has a great impact on the quality of public services and fair treatment of citizens. The process of making administrative decisions, there is a balance between issues of efficiency, regularity and the mechanical application of existing rules. Of course, the improvement of any social system is a necessary and sufficient condition for the existence and functioning of the system by itself. In general, the entire justice system is increasingly revealing the failure of efforts to protect the law-abiding state on the previous regulatory and organizational basis, legislative acts adopted in recent years in the legal field.

Analysis Of Microeconomic Theory According To Abu Ubayd And Al-Syaibani And Its Relevance To Pancasila Economy

This study aims to analyze the microeconomic theory of Abu Ubayd in the book Al-Amwal and Al-Syaibani in the book al-Kasb and its relevance to the Pancasila economy. The research method used is a qualitative method with an analytical descriptive approach to the book of Al-Awal by Abu Ubayd and the book of Al-Kasb by Al-Syaibani and assisted from other reading sources related to the research title. Theresults of this study are Abu Ubayd in al-Amwal talks about basic human needs, legal and economic justice, Bedouin and urban dichotomy, while al-Syaibani explores the concept of al-Kasb (Work), according to him that work is the main element of production, has a very important position in life. Al-Syaibani also explained about wealth and destitution, the classification of businesses and about economic needs and specialization and distribution of work. The relevance of Abu Ubayd's economic thought with Pancasila Economy in accordance with the Indonesian Law No. 5 Year 1999 on the prohibition of monopolistic practices. While Al-Syaibani about al-Kasb (work) and the distribution of work is very relevant to the 1945 Constitution article 28 D Paragraph 2, namely Everyone has the right to work and get a fair and decent reward and treatment in labor relations.

The Evidentiary Power of Dementia Witnesses in Domestic Violence Cases

The Indonesian criminal justice system often neglects crime victims, relegating them to mere witnesses needed for case substantiation, a consequence of its bias towards perpetrator protection. This disregard extends to vulnerable victims like those with dementia, whose cognitive limitations significantly hinder their courtroom testimony, posing challenges in recalling events and expressing themselves clearly. Consequently, the credibility and evidentiary value of their statements are compromised, exacerbating the social and psychological impacts on dementia sufferers. This research aims to address this issue by examining the evidentiary power of dementia witnesses in domestic violence cases within the Indonesian legal framework, drawing on theories of legal protection and certainty. Employing a normative juridical approach, the study analyzes the role of the Public Prosecutor in the evidentiary process and proposes regulatory frameworks to ensure the fair treatment and protection of vulnerable individuals within the criminal justice system.