Failure Use Research Articles

Sclerosing encapsulating peritonitis after peritoneal dialysis

Patients with chronic renal failure in use of peritoneal dialysis (PD) are subject to various complications of the renal replacement therapy. We report a rare complication of PD in which the peritoneum, after years of contact with hypertonic dialysate, is gradually replaced by fibrous tissue. This patient had several complications after initiation of PD including a bacterial peritonitis, tertiary hyperparathyroidism (being treated with parathyroidectomy 2) and cholelithiasis (being treated with laparoscopic cholecystectomy). After 8 years of peritoneal dialysis was transferred to hemodialysis by decreasing ultrafiltration and episodes of intestinal sub-occlusion, being diagnosed as sclerosing encapsulating peritonitis (SEP). He is currently on corticotherapy with a significant reduction of symptoms and likely stabilization of the SEP.

Planning process under the National Rural Health Mission: achievements and challenges for better implementation

The National Rural Health Mission (NRHM) framework for implementation envisaged that District Health Action Plans would be the central hub for decentralised planning, inter-sectoral convergence, implementation and monitoring. These would feed into the annual State Programme Implementation Plans (PIP). Communitisation, including village planning, and locally suited innovations were to be encouraged. District Planning did not however emerge as a creative tool in the eleventh plan period of the Government of India. This paper attempts to document the processes of planning under the NRHM at state, district and village levels. It also dwells on probable reasons for failure of use of the plans for resource allocation and implementation of the component strategies and activities in the plans.

Smart and Quick Dk, Df Extraction Flow of Halogen-free and Lead-free Materials under Different Temperatures

Halogen-free and lead-free materials are eco-friendly and the main trend in the long run. Recently, a lot of electronic gadgets including not only mobile phones but relevant accessories have been gradually made of this kind of material in place of traditional formulas to comply with the compliance by European Union. However, there are many drawbacks about halogen-free and lead-free materials such as mechanical reliability and thermal issues which will cause the failure in use. Besides, electrical property is another inevitably critical problem. Not a few of electronic devices are needed to operate under different environmental temperatures stemming from different locations or the heat generated itself. Different ambient temperatures can affect the normality of each material used within the device and further influence the whole function. Therefore, correct and quick extraction of electrical parameters of the material is desirable in the development of high speed application easily influenced by the variation of temperature to conform to the requirement of higher precision of parameters and lower-cost expectation. Based on this reason, the main purpose of this paper is to set up a procedure which can provide an easy and reliable calibration and measurement of vector network analyzer (VNA) accompanies with thermal cycle oven to satisfy the users who want to get these electrical parameters in short time. Dielectric constant (Dk) and dissipation factor (Df), the most two important electrical parameters, have been quickly analyzed in planar-circuit methods and processed by the programs designed by ourselves under ambient temperatures ranging from −40 to 85 degree Celsius. The results of measurement reveal that Dk and Df of the halogen-free and lead-free material among these interest temperatures are 4.5–4.85 and 0.01–0.035, respectively.

Defining biochemical failure in patients treated with HIFU

No established definition exists of therapeutic success after high-intensity focused ultrasound in patients with localized prostate cancer. A recent analysis has proposed a definition of biochemical failure for use in this setting. However, much work still needs to be done on identifying suitable predictors of clinical failure, and large-scale validation is certainly required.

Taming Augustine’s Monstrosity

In Book VIII of his Confessions, Saint Augustine offers a detailed description of one of the most famous cases of weakness of will in the history of philosophy. Augustine characterizes his experience as a monstrous situation in which he both wills and does not will moral growth, but he is at odds to explain this phenomenon. In this paper, I argue that Aquinas's action theory offers important resources for explaining Augustine's monstrosity. On Aquinas's schema, human acts are composed of various operations of intellect and will, and thus are subject to disintegration. In order to capture the gap in human action between making choices to pursue particular goals and translating those choices into behavior, Aquinas distinguishes between two operations of will that he calls choice and use. I apply his distinction between choice and use to Augustine's case, arguing that Augustine's moral weakness is a result of will's failure to use its choices. The central thesis of this paper is that Augustine's monstrosity is a bona fide case of weakness of will that is best explained as a failure in use at the level of will.

Purification of an α-amylase inhibitor in a polyethylene glycol/fructose-1,6-bisphosphate trisodium salt aqueous two-phase system

A novel aqueous two-phase system of polyethylene glycol (PEG)/fructose-1,6-bisphosphate (FBP) trisodium salt was employed to purify an α-amylase inhibitor (α-AI) from wheat flour after failure in use of the conventional aqueous two-phase systems of PEG/(NH 4) 2SO 4 and PEG/dextran (DEX). Phase compositions including PEG molecular weight and concentration of PEG, fructose-1,6-bisphosphate trisodium salt concentration, as well as pH of the system affected the partition of α-AI. The inhibitor was obtained with a purification factor of 3.2 and recovery of 79% by using 11.7% (w/w) of PEG2000 and 19% (w/w) of fructose-1,6-bisphosphate trisodium salt at pH 7.0 in the top phase.

Residual Stress Gradients in PVD-Coated Carbide Cutting Tools

PVD-coated cutting tools show a typical kind of failure in use: cohesive damage, which is believed to be a result of the residual stress state of substrate and coating. As the sin2ψ-technique does not give satisfactory information on near surface residual stress trends of coated tools the scattering vector method was applied to determine residual stress depth distributions of coating and substrate. The results are presented and an attempt for an interpretation is given.

Antihypertensive medication and renal allograft failure: a North American Pediatric Renal Transplant Cooperative Study report.

Hypertension after renal transplantation occurs commonly and, in adults, is associated with decreased graft survival. The North American Pediatric Renal Transplant Cooperative Study database was analyzed to determine: (1) the percent use of antihypertensive (anti-HTN) medication based on donor type, race, age, and acute rejection status; and (2) whether use of anti-HTN medication is associated with higher rates of subsequent graft failure. Data regarding anti-HTN medication use was available in 5251 renal allografts (4821 patients) with >30 d graft function. Posttransplant follow-up data were collected at 30 d, 6 mo, 12 mo, and then annually for 5 yr. At each follow-up, patients were selected for further analysis if the graft was functioning at that visit and subsequent follow-up data were available. Overall, anti-HTN medication use was 79% on day 30 and 58% at 5 yr. At each follow-up, anti-HTN medication use was higher (P < 0.01) for cadaveric donor versus living related donor, blacks versus whites, age >12 versus <12 yr, and > or = 1 versus 0 acute rejection episodes. Anti-HTN medication use at each annual follow-up was associated with significantly higher rates of subsequent graft failure. Multiple regression analysis controlling for all factors associated with increased use of anti-HTN medications revealed a relative risk of graft failure for use of anti-HTN medication of greater than 1.4 (P < 0.001). In recipients of cadaveric allografts, only acute rejection status predicted subsequent graft failure more strongly than use of anti-HTN medications. These data suggest that hypertension after renal transplantation in children, as evidenced by use of anti-HTN medications, is associated with increased rates of subsequent graft failure.

Corrosion and fracture of a silver tracheostomy tube

A sterling silver tracheostomy tube broke in use resulting in the death of a child. The nature of the fracture in the brazed joint is described, and corrosion identified as the mechanism of degradation of the joint. The corrosion is due either to exposure to body fluids over a long period, or to the use of hypochlorite solutions for cleaning and disinfection. The silver braze used had inferior corrosion resistance. It is recommended that appropriate grades of silver brazing alloy be used in the future, and that the mechanical integrity of medical devices joined with silver braze be regularly checked to anticipate failure in use.

Failure of Use of Cemental Annulations in Teeth to Determine the Age of Humans

The reliability of cemental annulation counts in teeth was examined to determine its value as an age indicator for humans. One hundred extracted human teeth were embedded in polyester casting resin and sectioned using a diamond wafering saw. Thin sections were photomicrographed, projected, and counted in a double blind random method of presentation. The age of the specimen was determined by adding the number of cemental annulations counted by the observers and the eruption age of the specific tooth that was used. The data analyzed by simple regression indicated that determining chronologic age in humans from cemental annulations is not possible.

PCD BITS IN THE OUTBACK

SANTOS Ltd, as drilling operator in the Cooper Basin of South Australia, has experimented with polycrystalline diamond (PCD) drilling bits in a variety of medium-cost drilling programs. PCD bits were originally designed for use in high rotary speed, low weight on bit, shale drilling environments. The operator has succeeded in reducing drilling costs by 32 per cent in some low rotary speed, high weight on bit, sandstone drilling sections. This was achieved without significant alterations to the existing drilling program.The test runs of PCD bits also established optimum lithologies, optimum drilling parameters and techniques for detecting bit failure for use in the Cooper Basin. Drilling fluid systems and wellbore deviation control techniques were not altered while utilizing PCD drilling bits.SANTOS has also concluded preliminary testing of PCD core bits, and believes their economic application will expand in the future.

The development of torque in biaxial rotation fatigue testing of fibres

In fatigue testing by rotation of a bent fibre, which leads to rupture by multiple splitting in a way similar to failure in use, a high level of twist develops. This is real twist when the drive is from one end, and false twist in opposite directions in the two halves of the specimen when the drive is from both ends. When rotation is over a pin, surface friction will be a source of torque, but the twist levels are surprisingly high and they also occur in freely bent monofilaments without any frictional forces. The torque is attributed to the need to overcome the energy dissipated through bending hysteresis, which leads to a change in the direction of the moments. A rough calculation shows that the internal friction will dominate except in fibres with very low loss. It appears to be the combination of cyclic bending with torsional shear stresses which causes the rapid breakdown of fibres.

Some reasons for failure in use of dicumarol in treatment of coronary thrombosis with myocardial infarction

Some reasons for failure in use of dicumarol in treatment of coronary thrombosis with myocardial infarction