Fecal Research Articles

Environmental and Anthropogenic Influences on Coliform Concentrations in the Octopus insularis Production Chain in the Veracruz Reef System, Gulf of Mexico.

Coliforms are relatively common in aquatic environments, but their concentrations can be increased by environmental changes and anthropogenic activities, thus impacting fisheries resources. To determine the microbiological quality in the octopus production chain (capture, post-capture, processing and commercialization), total (TC) and fecal (FC) coliforms were quantified in sea water, fresh octopus, fresh water, ice and octopus in two presentations: packed in ice and boiled. Samples came from fishing zones Enmedio, Chopa and La Gallega at the Veracruz Reef System (VRS) during dry, rainy and windy seasons. The coliforms were determined using the most probable number technique (MPN). The most relevant results indicated that octopus packed in ice coming from the commercialization stage had FC levels >540 MPN/100 g, which exceeded the permissible limits (230 MPN/100 g). Therefore, these products present a risk for human consumption. Differences in FC were observed in octopuses between the three fishing zones (H = 8.697; p = 0.0129) and among the three climatic seasons, increasing during the rainy season, highlighting La Gallega with 203.33 ± 63 MPN (H = 7.200; p = 0.0273). The results provide evidence of the environmental and anthropogenic influences on coliform concentrations and the urgent need to implement an efficient cold chain throughout octopus production stages with adequate handling practices to reverse this situation.

Is the judgment bias test a good tool to assess the quality of horse management?

Animal welfare should include the possibility of animals experiencing positive emotions. Emotions influence the cognitive process, and judgment bias tests (JBTs) are employed in different species, to assess the optimistic or pessimistic expectation of an individual and its affective state. Only recently the JBTs have been applied to horses. This research aims to investigate the relationship between a spatial JBT and hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis (HPA) chronic and acute activation in forty-one animals hosted in different kinds of environments: traditional stables (TS), natural boarding (NB), and ethological stable (ES). Fecal (FC) and horsehair (HC) cortisol concentrations were quantified for each subject through Radio-Immuno-Assay (RIA). Body condition score (BCS), as an indirect index of animal motivation towards food, and personality traits were measured to explore their possible influence on JBT results. Horses had to distinguish a positive position (P), where a bucket full of food was positioned, from a negative one (N), with an empty bucket. Then, 3 intermediate positions (Near Negative-NN, Near positive-NP, and Medium-M) with an empty bucket were presented to the subject one at a time. Only 20 subjects out of 41 completed the JBT and were included in the statistical analysis, and both BCS and P position, whether at the right or the left of the subject, seems to have influenced the inclusion rate. Only the ES group registered a significantly lower score in NN, suggesting a more optimistic affective state, whereas NB and TS did not significantly differ in their responses. Despite this, horses from NB recorded higher FC concentration than TS subjects during all the phases of the test, but lower HC levels, which could suggest a generally lower level of chronic stress but its interpretation presents several confounding factors. These results put into question whether JBT is indeed a good test to monitor the quality of the management, as it does not seem to reflect the chronic physiological state of the animals and could be influenced by a state of acute stress, caused by the test procedure. Due to these confounding factors, this procedure should be accompanied by other indicators. Finally, to include more animals and exclude possible biases, the structure of the JBT and the employment of food as a reward should be evaluated considering the peculiarities of the species and individual motivations.

Influence of Hydrology and Sanitation on Groundwater Coliform Contamination in Some Parts of Western Bengal Basin: Implication to Safe Drinking Water

Access to clean water has been identified as one of the primary Sustainable Development Goals. Rapid urbanization is going on in developing nations creating additional pressure on water resources in most of these places which in turn also affects individuals which is largely reliant on proper sanitation and drinking water quality. In addition, open sanitation practice is becoming major public health problem in rural and in some urban areas in India. Groundwater contamination by pathogenic bacteria sourced from both sanitation system and surface water is becoming one of the major concerns now-a-days. The residents of the Ganges river basin in India are already stressed with natural arsenic pollution as well as other various types of water pollution, and microbial pollution from sanitation is a new addition to it. A field-based hydrogeological investigation with the identification of sanitation sites (surface and subsurface) was conducted in some parts of the Ganges basin, in and around a lower order distributary river, River Churni in West Bengal state, to identify the natural and human influences on sanitation drinking water pollution in a highly populated part of South Asia. Groundwater was found to be contaminated severely with total (TC) and fecal (FC) coliform bacteria. The abundance of TC was found to be the highest in monsoon season (78%) than in pre-monsoon (48%) and post-monsoon (29%) seasons. The results revealed that the groundwater samples from shallow depths and close to sanitation sites were highly contaminated with coliform bacteria than the deeper and higher distant (>30 m distance) ones. Shallow groundwater samples near to surface water (River Churni) source, other than sanitation sites, showed elevated TC levels. The occurrence of coliform bacteria in studied groundwater samples was observed to be positively correlated with conductivity, TDS, TOC, chloride, and sulfate, while the abundance was restricted by pH and temperature of groundwater. Thus, improper sanitation systems and contaminated surface water were identified as one of the major sources of pathogenic contamination of groundwater-sourced drinking water in the studied area, whereas improper human practices further complicate the scenario which needs to be managed properly.

Оценка микробного пейзажа и показателей цитопротекции толстого кишечника у больных с хроническими запорами

Актуальность. В статье рассматриваются вопросы хронических запоров. Показаны результаты собственных исследований, в которых определялось содержание короткоцепочечных жирных кислот (КЖК) в кале и состояние микробиоценоза у пациентов до и на фоне лечения препаратом Изиду. Материалы и методы. Под наблюдением находилось 10 больных в возрасте от 18 до 65 лет с хроническим запором, от которого они страдали около 10 лет. Пациенты принимали комплексное слабительное средство Изиду по 3 капсулы в сутки. С целью оценки содержания КЖК и микробного пейзажа больным (6 женщин, 4 мужчины) дважды — до приема препарата Изиду и через 2 недели после его приема — проведено исследование кала. Определение КЖК осуществляли методом хроматографического исследования с использованием аппаратно-программного комплекса для медицинских исследований на базе газового хроматографа «Хроматэк-Кристалл 5000». Результаты. Выявлено существенное повышение содержания в кале КЖК и снижение содержания лактобактерий до начала лечения. После лечения содержание уксусной кислоты достоверно снизилось в 3,9 раза до среднего значения (0,011 ± 0,005) мкл/мл (р < 0,05). Содержание масляной кислоты у 90 % пациентов было существенно повышено по сравнению с контролем и отмечалось на уровне 0,018–0,131 мкл/мл, среднее значение составляло (0,0499 ± 0,004) мкл/мл, что было достоверно выше контрольных показателей (р < 0,001). После лечения наблюдалось увеличение содержания масляной кислоты до (0,061 ± 0,003) мкл/мл (р < 0,05). После применения препарата Изиду у 60 % пациентов состав микрофлоры кишечника улучшался, существенно повысилось содержание микроорганизмов рода Lactobacillus (105 КОЕ/г фекалий), показатели содержания других микроорганизмов были в диапазоне контрольных значений. Выводы. Отмечено значительное повышение фракций КЖК в кале у больных с хроническими запорами в начале наблюдения. Лечение комплексным препаратом Изиду привело к достоверному увеличению содержания масляной кислоты в кале (р < 0,05), что имеет положительное прогностическое значение и свидетельствует об активизации защитных, детоксикационных и цитопротекторных эффектов.

Сравнение методов обычной и магнитно-резонансной дефекографии для диагностики дисфункции тазового дна у пациентов с ожирением

Актуальность. Синдром обструкции принадлежит к дисфункциям тазового дна, которые являются причиной неполной эвакуации кала из прямой кишки. Дефекография — первый шаг для диагностики указанного синдрома. Свободный выбор плоскостей визуализации, разрешение и контраст мягких тканей с лучшей модальностью изображения указывают на преимущества этого метода для оценки дисфункции тазового дна. Цель исследования — сравнение обычной и магнитно-резонансной дефекографии у пациентов с синдромом обструкции прямой кишки. Материалы и методы. Двадцать восемь пациентов, страдающих запорами, с января 2015 г. по январь 2020 г. были включены в исследование. Магнитно-резонансная дефекография проводилась через 1–2 недели после обычной дефекографии. Осуществляли сравнительный анализ методов относительно их способности диагностировать патологическое выпячивание передней или задней стенки прямой кишки, нарушающее эвакуаторную функцию кишечника, ректальный пролапс, прямокишечную грыжу, дивертикул прямой кишки. Результаты. Сравнение обычной и магнитно-резонансной дефекографии по их способности диагностировать переднее ректоцеле, инвагинацию внутренней слизистой оболочки и спазм прямой кишки не подтверждает существенных различий между двумя методами. Статистический коэффициент использования двух методов диагностики переднего ректоцеле, инвагинации внутренней слизистой оболочки и спазмов прямой кишки составил соответственно 0,146, 0,007 и 1000. Выводы. Хотя обычная дефекография является золотым стандартом для диагностики ректоцеле, инвагинации внутренней слизистой оболочки и пуборектального спазма, магнитно-резонансная дефекография обладает преимуществами благодаря меньшей радиационной нагрузке, повышенной безопасности и возможности выявления патологии репродуктивной сферы.

Endemic situation of schistosomiasis in national surveillance sites of Zhejiang Province from 2015 to 2019

To analyze the endemic situation of schistosomiasis in national surveillance sites of Zhejiang Province, so as to provide the scientific evidence for formulating the new schistosomiasis surveillance program and consolidating schistosomiasis elimination achievements. A total of 54 to 55 national surveillance sites and 6 risk monitoring sites were assigned in historical endemic regions of Zhejiang Province from 2015 to 2019, where the Schistosoma japonicum infections in humans, livestock, snails and wild feces were monitored. All data pertaining to the surveillance results were descriptively analyzed. There were 34 530 person-time local residents receiving serological screening for S. japonicum infections in national surveillance sites of Zhejiang Province from 2015 to 2019, and the seroprevalance of S. japonicum infections were 0.29% to 0.68%; however, no egg-positives were detected. During the period from 2015 to 2019, there were 62 086 person-time mobile populations receiving serological screening for S. japonicum infections in national surveillance sites of Zhejiang Province, and the seroprevalance of S. japonicum infections were 0.32% to 0.56%; additionally, there were 27 egg-positives identified, including 3 imported cases with schistosomiasis haematobia and one case with acute schistosomiasis japonica, indicating that the adjusted prevalence of Schistosoma infections were 0.01% to 0.07% among mobile populations. A total of 829 livestock were examined for S. japonicum infections, with no positives detected. There were 10.55 hm2 and 2.89 hm2 snail habitats found in national surveillance sites and risk monitoring sites of Zhejiang Province during the 5-year period, respectively; however, no S. japonicum infections were identified in snails. Moreover, a total of 305 wild feces were tested for S. japonicum infections, and no egg-positives were identified. The schistosomiasis elimination achievement have been consolidated in Zhejiang Province; however, the risk factors of re-emerging schistosomiasis have not been completely eliminated, such as residual snails and imported schistosomiasis cases. Further surveillance and control activities of snails and the source of S. japonicum infections should be reinforced.

Toxoplasmosis: An Emerging and Re-emerging Zoonosis of Global Public Health Concern

Toxoplasmosis is an important emerging and re-emerging zoonotic disease that results from the infection with Toxoplasma gondii, which is one of the most common parasites in the world. The disease usually happens through consuming undercooked contaminated meat, exposure from diseased cat feces, or mother-to-child transmission all through pregnancy. Toxoplasmosis is commonly transmitted via the mouth when Toxoplasma gondii oocysts or tissue cysts are eaten by chance. Congenital transmission from mother to fetus can also arise. Transmission can arise from the stable organ transplant manner or hematogenous stem cellular transplants. The majority of individuals infected with toxoplasmosis, has no signs and symptoms and is not aware of being infected. However, some people show symptoms and signs similar to those of the flu, inclusive of body aches, swollen lymph nodes, headache, fever, fatigue, confusion, poor coordination, and seizures. Diagnosis of toxoplasmosis in human beings is made through organic, serological, histological, or molecular techniques, or with the aid of combining these techniques. The treatment is commonly encouraged for humans with serious health issues, inclusive of human beings with HIV.The infection may be prevented by eating of cooked meat, drinking wholesome potable water, pasteurization of milk, cleaning of vegetables, wearing gloves when gardening, periodic examination of pregnant women, and health education to the public about the reservoir of infection, mode of transmission and hazards of consuming raw meat.

Comparative efficacy of Amprolium, Garlic oil and Ginger oil against Coccidiosis in common quail (Coturnix coturnix).

In birds, Eimeria spp are commonly reported coccidian parasites that cause anorexia, debilitation, bloody diarrhea, mortalities and economical losses. This study was conducted on 30 clinical cases of common quails presented at Pet Centre, University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Lahore, suffering from coccidiosis. The aim of this study was to evaluate the comparative anti-coccidial efficacy of amprolium, garlic oil and ginger oil. Drinking water of affected birds was supplemented with amprolium (130 mg/100 mL), garlic oil (150µl/0.5L) and ginger oil (150µl/0.5L) for 15 days and fecal sample screening for coccidia oocyst count was performed on days 0, 3, 5, 7, 11 and 15 using direct microscopy with fecal floatation method and McMaster chamber counting technique. The data was statistically analyzed which revealed that amprolium showed highest and rapid efficacy against coccidiosis with complete disappearance of oocysts and improved activity level with better health, increased feed intake and normal feces on day 11 followed by garlic oil that showed recovery from oocysts on day 15, whereas in ginger oil treated birds oocysts were present till the end of study. It was concluded that amprolium is highly effective against coccidiosis followed by garlic oil; on other hand ginger oil was not clinically effective for the treatment of coccidiosis in quails.

Effect of Screening with the Fecal Immunochemical Test on Colorectal Cancer Outcomes

Several countries around the world, and some healthcare organizations in the U.S., employ fecal immunochemical testing (FIT) for programmatic

Evaluation of Pasikhan River, north of Iran using water quality index (NSFWQI)

Water quality indices are among the current techniques for monitoring rivers. Among the general indices of water quality, applying the national sanitation foundation water quality index (NSFWQI) results in precise research outcomes in a short period. Moreover, it enables the classification of river water quality of different stations with a simple expression. The present study, through applying NSFWQI as a water quality index, aimed at determining the water quality of Pasikhan River, located in the north of Guilan Province, Iran. Six sampling stations were set up along the river mainstream, and water samples were collected from these stations during 4 seasons (from autumn 2015 to summer 2016). Nine parameters including water temperature, turbidity, fecal coliform, NO3-, TS, PO43-, pH, DO, and BOD were measured through standard methods. Based on the results, the quality of the river’s water was categorized in the medium and bad classes in all sampling stations for all seasons. Moreover, the results showed that during the sampling seasons, the minimum average of NSFWQI was 52.00 ± 3.94 in the 4th station, while the maximum was 59.50 ± 1.50 in the 3rd station. However, both of them were in the category of medium quality. In general, the water quality values of the stations varied from 46 to 70 in different seasons. According to the results, the Pasikhan River’s water quality is ranked in the category of medium quality.

Prevalence of Campylobacter spp. in diarrhoea samples from patients in New South Wales, Australia.

Campylobacteriosis is a leading cause of bacterial foodborne disease in many industrialized countries including Australia. New South Wales (NSW) is the most populous state in Australia yet the lack of any Campylobacter species surveillance programs has led to a knowledge gap in the importance of these pathogens as causes of diarrhoea. The data collected in this study demonstrated a need for such programs. In this study, 400 human clinical fecal samples were collected from two NSW locations, Western Sydney and Wagga Wagga, and tested for the presence of Campylobacter spp. Patients were clustered by location, age and gender to assess Campylobacter spp. prevalence within these groups between the two regions. The frequency of Campylobacter spp. was higher in males compared to females in the age groups 0-4 and 5-14 years; 6.4% and 1.0%, and 8.2% and none, respectively. A second peak was noted in elderly adults compared with those in younger age groups. Based on the findings of the quantitative PCR analysis it was estimated that the age-adjusted prevalence of Campylobacter spp. associated diarrhoea was 159 cases per 100,000 persons. [Int Microbiol 2016; 19(1):33-37].

The Prevalence of the Raccoon Roundworm, Baylisascaris procyonis, in Allegheny Woodrat Habitat in the Mid-Atlantic Region, U.S.A.

Baylisacaris procyonis is a roundworm that is tolerated by its primary host, raccoons (Procyon lotor). However, this roundworm can be fatal to intermediate mammalian hosts and may be a contributing factor to population declines of the endangered, Allegheny woodrat (Neotoma magister). We used fecal flotation to determine the prevalence of B. procyonis eggs in raccoon scat found in locations that overlap with where woodrats persist in the mid-Atlantic. We determined that B. procyonis was present at two extant woodrat colonies in Maryland and Pennsylvania. We expect woodrat populations at these sites to decline, if the roundworm and other factors (e.g., forest fragmentation) are not alleviated.

Effect of brewer’s yeast (Saccharmyces cerevisiae) supplementation on growth performance, nutrient digestibility, and fecal score of growing pigs

Effect of brewer’s yeast (Saccharmyces cerevisiae) supplementation on growth performance, nutrient digestibility, and fecal score of growing pigs

Correlation between BMI and metagenomics concentration of gut microbiota of college students in Inner Mongolia

Objective To explore the correlation between BMI and gut microbiota of college students in Inner Mongolia, and to provide a reference basis for revealing the relationship between intestinal flora and obesity. Methods Totally 88 college students from Inner Mongolia Medical University were enrolled, Height and weight were measured, and the feces samples were collected. The bacterial metagenome was extracted from dry feces samples for the concentration detection in per gram of dry feces, expressed as µg/µL. Correlation between BMI and metagenomics concentration of gut microbiota was statistically analyzed. Meanwhile, the metagenomics concentration of gut microbiota in different BMI groups was compared with each other. Results There was a negative correlation between BMI and the metagenomics concentration of gut microbiota ( r = –0.27, P 0.05) Conclusion There is a correlation between BMI and gut microbiota of college students in Inner Mongolia, the concentration of gut microflora metagenome in overweight and obese people decreased significantly. 【摘要】 目的 探索内蒙古地区在校大学生体质量指数（BMI)与肠道菌群的关联性, 为揭示肠道菌群与肥胖之间的关联 性提供参考依据。 方法 以内蒙古医科大学为试点, 通过招募方式共收集88名志愿者。测量研究对象的身高和体重, 并 收集粪便样本。提取干粪便样本中的细菌宏基因组, 并检测干粪便细菌宏基因组质量浓度(µg/µL)。统计分析BMI与肠 道菌群宏基因组质量浓度的相关性, 并比较不同BMI组的肠道菌群宏基因组质量浓度差异。 结果 大学生BMI与肠道菌 群的宏基因组质量浓度呈负相关( r = –0.27, P 0.05)。 结论 内蒙古地区在校大学生BMI与其肠道菌群具有关联性, 超重及肥 胖人群肠道菌群宏基因组质量浓度显著降低。

Subtypes identification and frequency of Blastocystis isolated from patients in Kashan, Central Iran

Aims: Blastocystis species are one of the most common enteric protist infections in humans and some animals worldwide. Molecular studies have shown that there is a high level of genetic variation among Blastocystis isolates. The aim of this study was to identify the subtypes and frequency of Blastocystis isolates in patients who referred to the medical diagnostic laboratories in Kashan, Central Iran. Materials and Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted on 1118 patients, from December 2017 to June 2018. Fecal specimens were evaluated by the microscopic examination. Positive samples were cultivated in Robinson media. After massive growth and DNA extraction, a 550 bp from the small subunit ribosomal RNA gene was amplified by the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) for subtype identification. The PCR products have been sequenced, identified, and compared at the NCBI site. The results were analyzed using the SPSS software version 16. Results: The frequency of Blastocystis sp. was 8.58%, (confidence interval = 6.94%–10.22%) from which 76% were men and 24% were women. Of the 51 PCR positive samples, ST3 (41.2%), ST1 (39.2%), ST2 (11.8%), and 7.8% isolates were identified as mixed. ST3 and ST1 have been more common. The highest levels of infection were observed in the food-handlers, the age group of 31–40, and people with high school education. Conclusion: The results showed that the frequency of Blastocystis was lower than other studies and the most common Blastocystis subtype was subtype 3, followed by subtype 1, and subtype 2.

Bhāviveka’s Inclusivism: Discriminating the Feces, Jewels, and Fake Jewels of the Veda

Bhāviveka’s Inclusivism: Discriminating the Feces, Jewels, and Fake Jewels of the Veda

Consensus of Chinese experts on the diagnosis and treatment of anal fistula (2020)

Anal fistula is one of the most common diseases in colorectal and anal surgery. Most of them are formed after the abscess of perianal space reptures. Due to the complexity and diversity of pathological changes, the clinical efficacy of some patients is not optimistic, and there may even be serious surgical complications, including delayed healing of anal fistula or varying degrees of fecal incontinence, which significantly affect the quality of life of patients and even lead to disability. The Working Committee of Clinical Guidelines of Anorectal Physicians Branch of Chinese Medical Association organized some domestic experts to discuss and prepare this expert consensus. It is suggested that comprehensive evaluation of anal fistula, including detailed medical history, physical examination and necessary auxiliary examination should be conducted before treatment. Auxiliary examinations include fistulography, ultrasound, CT or MRI. The purpose of the auxiliary examination is to accurately determine the position of the internal orifice of the anal fistula, the direction of the fistula and its relationship with the anal sphincter. Adenogenic anal fistula needs surgical treatment after diagnosis. The operation methods can be divided into two types: operations breaching sphincter and operations preserving sphincter function. The former includes anal fistulectomy, anal fistulotomy and seton placement; the latter includes ligation of intersphincteric fistula (LIFT), rectal mucosal muscle flap advancement repair, anal fistula laser closure, video-assisted anal fistula treatment, etc. It is suggested to select or combine the application according to the specific condition of patients. Bioabsorbable materials include anal fistula plug and fibrin glue. Due to the characteristics of retaining sphincter function and reusability, it is recommended to be used selectively by qualified and experienced doctors. Proper wound management after anal fistula surgery can reduce the pain of patients, promote healing and reduce the recurrence of anal fistula. Because there is a certain risk of recurrence and fecal incontinence after anal fistula surgery, for some patients with complex condition, repeated operations or impaired anal function, we must be careful when choosing reoperation, and weigh the benefits of patients and the risk of fecal incontinence.

Effect of dietary ractopamine supplementation on growth performance, meat quality and fecal score in finishing pigs

Effect of dietary ractopamine supplementation on growth performance, meat quality and fecal score in finishing pigs

Evaluation of control effect of implement effective control for intestinal nematode disease in Nanjing

Objective To evaluate the control effect of effective control for intestinal nematode disease, and to analyze the dynamic change of epidemic trend, we provide basis for adjusting control strategy of intestinal nematode disease. Methods The data of control strategies in Nanjing from 2001 to 2019 were analyzed, including monitoring data of intestinal nematode disease, drug deworming, health education and rural toilet improvement. Results From 2001 to 2019, 191 172 person-times of residents were surveyed fecal examination in Nanjing City, and 2 596 person-times of residents were detected with intestinal nematode infections, with annual average infection rate 1.36%. The positive rate of human intestinal nematode infections showed a significantly declining trend in total ( P <0.01). In Nanjing, intestinal nematode infections were mainly caused by ascaris (0.90%, 1 724 cases), hookworm (0.30%, 564 cases), pinworm (0.09%, 179 cases) and trichuris (0.07%, 129 cases). Among them, 2 345 cases (96.98%) had mild infection. In 2001, the infection rate was the highest (7.00%), while in 2018 and 2019, the infection rate was the lowest (both 0.01%). The difference of infection rate in each year was statistically significant ( P <0.01). 114 940 person-times of children under 12 years old were surveyed for the special surveillance of pinworm in Nanjing, and 500 cases were detected with positive infection. Moreover, the positive rate showed a significantly decreasing trend in total ( P <0.01). At the end of 2019, 9 237.5 million person-times have been treated with medicine, the awareness rate of intestinal nematode control among the population in Nanjing reached more than 90%, the penetration rate of harmless toilets was 99.99%. Conclusion The effective control of intestinal nematode disease in Nanjing has achieved remarkable results, however, the surveillance network of intestinal nematode disease still should be improved, and health education in key population groups should be strengthened, in order to adjust control strategies in time, and effectively consolidate the effectiveness of the control of intestinal nematode disease. 摘要：目的 评价有效控制肠道线虫病项目的防治效果,分析流行趋势的动态变化,为调整肠道线虫病防控策略 提供依据。 方法 对2001—2019年南京市肠道线虫病监测数据、以及实施驱虫服药、健康教育、农村改厕等防治策略 资料进行统计分析。 结果 2001—2019年,南京市共粪检191 172人次,检出肠道线虫阳性感染2 596人次,年平均感 染率为1.36%,人群肠道线虫感染率逐年下降趋势( P <0.01)。南京市肠道线虫感染以蛔虫、钩虫、蛲虫、鞭虫为主,且以 轻度感染为主,共计2 345 例（占96.98%),感染人数分别为1 724例、564例、179例和129例,感染率分别为0.90%、0.30%,0.09%和0.07%。以2001年的人群感染率最髙,为7.00%,2018年和2019年的感染率最低,均为0.01%,各年份人 群感染率差异有统计学意义( P <0.01)。南京市儿童蛲虫病专项监测累计检査儿童114 940人次,阳性感染者500人次。儿童蛲虫感染率亦呈现逐年下降趋势( P <0.01)。截至2019年12月,南京市已累计服药驱虫923 750万人次,人群肠道 线虫病卫生知识知晓率大于90%,无害化卫生户厕普及率为99.99%。 结论 南京市有效控制肠道线虫病防治项目取 得显著效果,但仍需不断完善肠道线虫病的监测网络,加强重点人群健康教育,适时调整防控策略,有效巩固肠道线虫 病的防治成效。

Isolation, Molecular Detection and Antibiogram of Multi-drug Resistant Salmonella Typhimurium DT104 from Selected Dairy Farms in Mymensingh, Bangladesh

The Salmonella typhimurium DT104, an emerging cause of human illness has received an increasing attention due to its multidrug resistant properties. Since it has been isolated from human and other sources including food-producing animals around the world; it has become a worldwide public health concern. Therefore, the present study was designed to isolate, identify and study the antibiogram profile of multidrug resistant S. typhimurium DT104 from several dairy farms in Mymensingh district, Bangladesh. A total of 135 fecal samples from diarrhoeic cattle were collected aseptically and subjected for bacterial isolation, molecular detection using PCR followed by antibiogram study. Salmonella spp. could be isolated from a total of 39 (28.88%) samples based on cultural and staining methods which were further confirmed by PCR using invA gene specific primers. However, out of 39 Salmonella spp., 6 isolates were confirmed as S. typhimurium DT104 strain. Results of the antibiotic resistance patterns demonstrated that 100% (39/39) isolates were resistant to erythromycin followed by tetracycline (73.68%), colistin (89.47%), ampicillin (47.36%), gentamicin (21.05%), ciprofloxacin (31.57%), streptomycin (42.10%), enrofloxacin (10.52%) and chlormphenicol (31.57%). Moreover, about 23.07% isolates were resistant to more than 5 antibiotics. However, all the isolates were found to be sensitive to amikacin. These results suggest that antibiotic resistant S. typhimurium DT104 strain has been circulating in dairy cattle in Bangladesh which is alarming and may impose threat to livestock and public health due to lack of proper hygienic management. This study will be helpful for the selection of proper antibiotics against salmonellosis in cattle.