Faculty Of Animal Science Research Articles

Mapping the Reproductive Support Capacity of Beef Cattle as an Effort to Intensify Rearing in the Baluran National Park Area

Since the 1960s, or for four generations, farmers who live close to Baluran National Park have been grazing or raising beef cattle extensively illegally. Since there is not enough forage for beef cattle, their presence in the Baluran National Park area interferes with the preservation of wildlife. This is brought on by the shortage of forage. Farmers continue to use the traditional rearing method, which was self-taught and is not supported by systematic recording. As a result, there is a high risk of inbreeding, difficult calving, and disease contracting, particularly in cases of cattle collapses and outbreaks of FMD in even hoofed animals like cows. The absence of livestock extension staff in the region contributes to farmers' lack of understanding about reproduction, particularly estrus detection and illness prevention. The Animal Husbandry and Fisheries Service, Situbondo Regency, and the Community and Livestock Research Group (CLRG) Team of the Faculty of Animal Science, Universitas Brawijaya, Malang, have worked together to aid in the form of Indigofera sp. seeds as forage for animal feed, forage processing technology into silage, the concept of communal pens (groups) for farmers, and facilitate the formation of the Lembu Brawijaya. Direct observation of beef cattle and interviews with farmers and Baluran National Park personnel will be the research methods employed in the project. The outcomes of this study can serve as a guide for figuring out the best course of action for increasing livestock productivity and intensive rearing. It is also expected that cattle will not grazed in the Baluran National Park area and restore its function as a biosphere conservation area. Farmers can monitor their cattle better when they raise them intensively, which is supported by systematic recording and disease prevention.

Pemanfaatan Silase Ransum Komplit Berbasis Ampas Tebu (Bagasse), Indigofera dan Molases sebagai Pakan Alternatif

Bagasse has not been utilized optimally because it has low nutrient content, it was necessary to add feed ingredients such as indigofera which has high nutrition and molasses was needed for further processing utilizing anaerobic fermentation or silage. This study aims to determine the nutritional quality of complete ration silage based on bagasse, indigofera and molasses with different compositions. Silage was carried out at the Laboratory of Nutrition and Feed Technology, Faculty of Agriculture and Animal Sciences, State Islamic University of Sultan Syarif Kasim Riau. The proximate test was carried out at the Laboratory of the Center for Biological Resources and Biotechnology Research, Agricultural University of Bogor. This study used a completely randomized design with a factorial pattern consisting of 2 factors, each treatment unit was repeated 3 times. Factor A was the level of bagasse + indigofera, namely A1 = 100% bagasse + 0% indigofera; A2 = 50% bagasse + 50% indigofera; A3 = 75% bagasse + 25% indigofera and factor B was the level of molasses, namely B0 = 5% molasses and B1 = 10% molasses. The variables measured were crude fat, ash content and BETN. The data obtained were analyzed based on analysis of variance by using Duncan's test at 5% and 1%. The results of this study indicated that there was an interaction between factor A and factor B (P<0.01) on crude fat content, ash content, and BETN. Factor A had a very significant effect (P<0.01) on the crude fat content, ash content, and BETN. Factor B had a very significant effect (P<0.01) on crude fat and BETN, but did not affect the ash content. It was concluded that treatment A2, namely the composition of bagasse 50% + 50% indigofera and treatment B0, namely molasses 5%, obtained the best results.

Effect of Duck Meat Maceration in Coconut Shell Liquid Smoke on the Quality of Duck Meat Sausage

This study aims to determine the effect of maceration of coconut shell liquid smoke in increasing the preference value of panelists and the quality of duck meat sausages both physically and chemically. This study was conducted in January 2023 at the Meat Processing Laboratory, Animal Product Technology Section, Faculty of Animal Science, Brawijaya University. The material used was duck meat sausage. This study used an experimental method with a completely randomized design consisting of 5 treatments and 4 replications. The results of the analysis showed that maceration of coconut shell liquid smoke produced no significant effect (P>0.05) on carbohydrates, protein content, ash content, fat content, moisture content, cooking loss, pH, and tenderness but had a very significant effect (P< 0.01) on the value of water holding capacity and organoleptic value. From this study, it could be inferred that maceration of coconut shell liquid smoke could help in reducing the value of cooking loss, moisture content, fat content, carbohydrates, and pH as well as increase the value of ash content, protein content, and water holding capacity.

The Physicochemical Quality of Chicken Meatball Using Red Lentil Flour (Lens culinaris L.)

Aims: The aim is to determine the physicochemical quality of chicken meatballs added with red lentil flour (Lens culinaris L.) based on moisture content (%), protein content (%), WHC (%), cooking loss (%), and color (L*a*b*). Sample: chicken meatballs using red lentil flour.
 Study Design: The research with an experimental method, using a Completely Randomized Design (CRD). Data were tabulated using Microsoft Excel and taken standard deviation (SD), then using Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) from Completely Randomized Design (CRD). Use the DMRT (Duncan's Multiple Range Test) if the result differ.
 Place and Duration of Study: Laboratory of Animal Product Technology, Faculty of Animal Science, University of Brawijaya Malang and Laboratory of Food Quality and Safety Testing, Faculty of Agricultural Product Technology, University of Brawijaya Malang. December 2022.
 Methodology: 4 treatments consisting of without the addition of red lentil flour, the addition of red lentil flour 3%, 6%, and 9%, and five replications.
 Results: Chicken meatballs with red lentil flour produce chicken meatballs that contain fiber and have attractive colors. Chicken meatballs with 9% red lentil flour had the best content of moisture content 52.11%, protein content 15.76%, WHC 94.94%, cooking loss 2.09%, and color (L* 81.10) (a* 6.94) (b* 29.33).
 Conclusion: Chicken meatballs added with 9% red lentil flour (Lens culinaris L.) produce the best quality. Chicken meatballs have attractive colors and contain nutrients such as protein so that the resulting chicken meatballs can become a new product accepted by the public.

Optimization Chicken Meatball Using Red Lentil Flour (Lens culinaris L.) as Filler

Aims: The aim of the study was to determine the quality of chicken meatballs added with red lentil flour based on physicochemical quality, organoleptic quality, and microstructure. Sample: chicken meatballs using red lentil flour.
 Methodology: Laboratory experiment using Completely Randomized Design (CRD). The data were tabulated using Microsoft Excel, and the standard deviation (SD) was taken, then an Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) was performed. If different, proceed with the DMRT (Duncan's Multiple Range Test). Research at the Laboratory of Animal Product Technology Faculty of Animal Science, the Laboratory of Food Quality and Safety Testing Faculty of Agricultural Product Technology, the Universitas Brawijaya Malang, and the Integrated Research and Testing Laboratory Universitas Gadjah Mada Yogyakarta. February 2023. Research with four treatments consisting of without the addition of red lentil flour and the addition of red lentil flour 3%, 6%, and 9%. 5 replications.
 Results: Chicken meatballs added with red lentil flour fiber are the best chicken meatballs by producing chicken meatballs with fiber content and have a color that is not pale. The best treatment for chicken meatballs has a fat content of 9.18%, ash content of 2.68%, fiber content of 0.84%, pH 6.26, organoleptic (color 3.68) (taste 2.98) (texture 3.43), and microstructures of chicken meatballs have different shapes and dense.
 Conclusion: The best chicken meatballs are found by adding 9% red lentil flour (Lens culinaris L.) to produce, healthy chicken meatballs that contain fiber and have attractive colors. The best product assessment is based on meatball standards in Indonesia and can be accepted by consumers.

Nutritional Value of Coconut Pulp (Cocos nuciferaL.) Fermented Using Aspergillus niger At Different Times as a Poultry Feed

This study was carried out to determine the nutritional value of coconut pulp (Cocos nucifera l.) with different fermentation times using Aspergillus niger as a poultry feed ingredient. The work was conducted at the Laboratory of the Faculty of Agriculture, Musi Rawas University, from January to April 2019 and proximate analysis was carried out at the Nutrition Laboratory of the Faculty of Animal Science, Jambi University. The study used a completely randomized design (CRD) with 6 treatments during fermentation (1, 2, 3, 4, 5 and 6 days of fermentation with codes L1, L2, L3, L4, L5 and L6. The observed variables were dry matter (DM), crude protein (CP), crude fiber (CF), and crude fat (CFat). The results show that 6 days of fermentation reduced BK and increased CP in fermented coconut pulp to 90.71% and 7.41%. The L5 treatment reduced SCF and CFat content to 8.75% and 11.21%. The best fermentation time of coconut pulp with Aspergillus niger was on day 6.

Implementasi Teknologi pada Aspek Pakan dan Pemasaran di Kelompok Usaha Ransum Pakan Ternak di Kabupaten Padang Pariaman

The community engagement team of the Animal Science Faculty of Andalas University conducted community services in the Animal Feed Ration Business group in Jorong Batang Sarik, Nagari Katapiang, Batang Anai District, Padang Pariaman Regency. The problems in the target group were 1) the business group still needs to get a permit to do business, and 2) it still needs to gain skills in processing feed for cattle based on agricultural waste. The activity aimed to assist business groups in obtaining Business Permit Numbers (BPN) and transferring agricultural waste-based feed technology for beef cattle. The transfer of knowledge and technology in service activities was carried out by mentoring, demonstration, and training methods regularly and continuously. The action resulted that the target group having a business permit in the form of BPN and the business group having knowledge and skills in producing feed for beef cattle in the form of Complete Ration Silage (CRS) based on corn straw.

Preparing and Presenting a Pigeon Skeleton for Gross Anatomical Study Using Boiling Maceration Method: A Quick and Effective Method

The study’s main objective was to prepare and display the pigeon skeleton using a practical and effective approach. Two matured domestic pigeons (Columba livia), aged 8 months old were purchased from local market, Gazipur sadar, Bangladesh for this purpose. This experiment was carried out in the department of Anatomy and Histology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science in Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman Agricultural University, Gazipur, Bangladesh, in January 2021. The birds were first killed by being injected with MgSO4 directly into the hearts. After dead, they were peeled using a knife. 3% soda water solution was used to boil peeled animals for two hours. Having cooling, the bony samples were cleaned and dipped into 10% solution of bleaching water for 1 hour to avoid further growth of microorganism following washed by tap water. After drying in the sun for eight hours, the skeletal pieces were fully articulated for the skeletal frame. The whole processes were taken 2 days (33 hours). The boiling maceration method for preparation of skeleton is very effective because restrain the chance of losing small bones, requires less expenditure, time and labor. It is also visible that the bone’s original color was preserved. Extracted bones were divided into two parts, axial and appendicular skeleton. Axial skeleton comprises the bones of skull, vertebrae such as-cervical, thoracic, lumbar and sacral vertebrae (fused to form synsacrum) and coccygeal vertebrae or caudal vertebrae then ribs, costal cartilages and breast bone or keel bone. In contrast, the appendicular skeleton comprises the forelimb or wing bone like scapula, coracoid, clavicle, humerus, radius-ulna and manus. On the otherhand hindlimb or pelvic limb comprises of pelvic girdle, femur, tibio-fibula and feet bone (metatarsal and digits). In adult pigeon no developed tarsal bone. Therefore, this is the most efficient way for quickly preparing and presenting skeleton for use in studies of the avian skeletal system.

EFEKTIVITAS PEMBERIAN PUPUK HAYATI BIOBOOST TERHADAP PERTUMBUHAN DAN HASIL TANAMAN TERUNG (Solanum melongena L.)

One of the vegetable plants that is often consumed by Indonesian is eggplant, because it has high nutrition and many health benefits. Eggplant growth and production can be increased by using biofertilizers, such as bioboost biofertilizer. The purpose of this study was to obtain the best concentration of bioboost biofertilizer for the growth and production of eggplant. This research was carried at UIN Sultan Syarif Kasim Riau and Laboratory of Agronomy and Agrostology, Faculty of Agriculture and Animal Science, from March to June 2022. The study was carried out using a completely randomized design (CRD) consisting of 5 treatments (P0 = positive control, P1 = 20 ml L-1 water, P2 = 40 ml L-1 water, P3 = 60 ml L-1 water, and P4 = 80 ml L-1 l water), which repeated 10 times to obtain 50 experimental units. The results showed that there was a significant effect of giving bioboost biofertilizer on the number of fruits, fruit weight, fresh weight, and plant dry weight. The most efficient results for the growth and production of eggplants grown on soil media mixed with chicken manure (2:1 ; w/w) are obtained with the application of bioboost biofertilizer at 20 ml L-1 water.

Morphological and molecular evidence of sandfly (Diptera: Psychodidae: Phlebotomine) and its relevance to recent cases of leishmaniasis from Jammu region of North India.

Present study was conducted to carry out morphological and molecular confirmation of sandflies collected at the Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, R.S. Pura, Jammu, India. Larva was maggot like with large head, thorax and abdomen with typical black head, 12 abdominal segments and last abdominal segment carried two pairs of caudal bristles with matchstick hairs on each segment. The adult fly possessed head, abdomen and thorax. Head consisted of pair of long, hairy and beaded antenna, proboscis and one pair of prominent black eyes. Thorax possessed a pair of wings and three pairs of legs, wings were hairy and pointed with 2nd longitudinal vein branched twice. The abdominal segments were covered with small hairs and last abdominal segment was having a pair of anal recti. These identification characteristics confirmed the fly under study as Phlebotomus argentipes that confirms its occurance in this region. Molecular characterization of identified flies was carried out on positive morophological flies. Confirmation of Phlebotomus species was ascertained by amplifying the 18S ribosomal RNA gene sequence using PCR. Clear amplification was observed for Phlebotomus argentipes (538 bp). After sequencing/genotyping, Phlebotomus argentipes (OP646634) isolate of present study was clustering in same clade with Phlebotomus argentipes sequences obtained from GeneBank from other locations across globe, irrespective of their geographical location, thus providing the molecular evidence of this species present in Jammu region of North India.

Herbs as A Feed Additive in the Broilers for the Sustainability of Local Products

The purpose was to determine the comparison of giving herbal herbs through feed and drinking water to the productivities of broilers. The research took place in the Closed House Cage and Animal Science Laboratory, Faculty of Agriculture and Animal Science, University of Muhammadiyah Malang, East Java, Indonesia. The material was Day Old Chick (DOC) broilers by number 200 and herbs in feed and drinking water. The treatment of herbs was divided into two types as follows: Herbs in feed (TA) and herbs in drinking water (TB). Then, herbs in the feed and drinking water were divided into four treatments as follows: T0: Feed without herbs or 0 % (as control), T1: Feed with herbs 1 %, T2: Feed with herbs 2 %, and T3: Feed with herbs 3 %, with five replications. The herbs used are mixed with several medicinal plants. The variables were body weight gain, final body weight, daily feed consumption, and feed conversion ratio. The research data were analyzed by quantitative descriptive analysis. The conclusion was giving herbs through feed was better in final body weight, body weight gain, and feed conversion ratio.

Quality evaluation of waste cooking oil from restaurants in Malang as the potential for ruminants feed supplement

Derived from hypothesis of having more fat content in feed could inhibit microbial activity and will increase the energy for the ruminants, this research conducted to determine the contrasting quality of fresh and waste cooking oil. Analysis focused on organoleptic and iodometry to initiate a supplementation product. Material used were fresh and waste cooking oil from four chicken restaurant in Malang: A Restaurant (T1), B Restaurant (T2), C Restaurant (T3), and D Restaurant (T4). Data collected thrice a day regularly and apprised that different cooking oil brands used. Brand A used in A (T1) & B Restaurant (T2), brand B used in C Restaurant (T3), and brand C used in D Restaurant (T4). Analysis executed at Animal Nutrition and Feed Laboratory, Animal Science Faculty of Universitas Brawijaya with 15 panellists. Using randomized nested block design; four restaurants, two types of, and three replications (4x2x3); It can be perceived that the cooking oil waste on each restaurants has significant effects on the smell and texture. The panellists concurred that the best cooking oil waste as the potential for ruminants feed supplement, is the C Restaurant (T3) with the greenish yellow colour, thick texture, slightly slack odor, and tasted a bit bitter. However, all the restaurants’ fresh cooking oil, by iodine content analysis, higher than the standard of Indonesian National Standards. T4 hit the highest with 61.87 g Iod/100g compared to T1, T2, and T3 with 52.68, 48.44, and 53.90 g Iod/100g respectively. It can be concluded that the best cooking oil waste for the potential feed supplement is the C Restaurant (T3) with 53.90 ± 1.09 g Iod/100g iodine level.

Factors affecting the changes in meat and meat product consumption of high school students: A logistic regression analysis

The Journal of Agriculture and Value Addition is a research journal produced and published by the Faculty of Animal Science and Export Agriculture, Uva Wellassa University of Sri Lanka. lt creates an opportunity for effective and healthy communication of findings from the national and international research community representing main myriad disciplines of agriculture such as crops, livestock, aquaculture and fisheries focusing on value addition.

Effects of curing time, abscisic acid content and storage methods on the organoleptic properties of boiled potato (<em>Solamun tuberosum</em>) chips

The Journal of Agriculture and Value Addition is a research journal produced and published by the Faculty of Animal Science and Export Agriculture, Uva Wellassa University of Sri Lanka. lt creates an opportunity for effective and healthy communication of findings from the national and international research community representing main myriad disciplines of agriculture such as crops, livestock, aquaculture and fisheries focusing on value addition.

Application of ethics in research publication

The Journal of Agriculture and Value Addition is a research journal produced and published by the Faculty of Animal Science and Export Agriculture, Uva Wellassa University of Sri Lanka. lt creates an opportunity for effective and healthy communication of findings from the national and international research community representing main myriad disciplines of agriculture such as crops, livestock, aquaculture and fisheries focusing on value addition.

Effect of mulching on diversity and abundance of natural enemies associated with brinjal (<em>Solanum melongena</em> L.) crop in Mawathagama, Kurunegala (IL1)

The Journal of Agriculture and Value Addition is a research journal produced and published by the Faculty of Animal Science and Export Agriculture, Uva Wellassa University of Sri Lanka. lt creates an opportunity for effective and healthy communication of findings from the national and international research community representing main myriad disciplines of agriculture such as crops, livestock, aquaculture and fisheries focusing on value addition.

Effect of natural rubber tire waste charcoal (NRTWC) on soil chemical properties in tea growing soils

The Journal of Agriculture and Value Addition is a research journal produced and published by the Faculty of Animal Science and Export Agriculture, Uva Wellassa University of Sri Lanka. lt creates an opportunity for effective and healthy communication of findings from the national and international research community representing main myriad disciplines of agriculture such as crops, livestock, aquaculture and fisheries focusing on value addition.

Pengaruh Trichoderma harzianum dan Nano Silika Terhadap Penyakit Moler dan Produksi Bawang Merah

<p>Twisted disease is one of the important diseases that can decrease shallot yield.The purpose of this experiment was to examine the effect of the interaction <em>Trichoderma harzianum</em> and nano silica on twisted disease and shallot yield. The research was conducted in Platar, Mangunjiwan, Demak and the Laboratory of Ecology and Plant Production, Faculty of Animal and Agriculture Science, Undip, on April – Agustus 2022. The experimental design used factorial completely randomized design with three replications. The first factor was <em>T. harzianum</em> consisted of three levels (P0 = 0 (control), P1 = 10, and P2 = 20 g plant<sup>-1</sup>). The second factor was nano silica concentration with four levels (S0 = 0, S1 = 1000, S2 = 2000, and S3 = 3000 ppm). The results showed that application of <em>T. harzianum </em>20 g plant<sup>-1</sup> or nano silica 3000 ppm had the lowest disease intensity 2,74 % and 2,48 % observed at 20 days after planting and 11,81 % and 10,81 % observed at 40 DAP. Combination <em>T. harzianum </em>20 g plant<sup>-1</sup> and nano silica 3000 ppm resulted in the highest yield parameters which were tuber diameter (2,370 cm), number of tubers (6 tubers), tuber fresh weight (36,2 g), and tuber dry weight (28,7 g). Treatments of <em>T. harzianum</em> and nano silica did not significantly affect the infection rate and number of leaves, but application of <em>T. harzianum</em> 20 g plant<sup>-1</sup> and nano silica 3000 ppm showed a decrease in twisted disease intensity and the highest shallot yield.</p>

Polymorphism of prolactin (PRL) gene exon5 and its association with egg production in IPB-D1 chickens.

The prolactin (PRL) gene regulates the egg production and incubation in laying chickens. Local chickens' reproductive systems will disrupt as a result of the incubation period activity, and they will lay fewer eggs. This study aimed to determine the prolactin gene polymorphism in IPB-D1 hens and its relationship to egg production. The polymorphism of the exon5 prolactin gene was examined on 112 samples of the IPB-D1 chicken DNA collection from the Division of Animal Genetics and Breeding, Faculty of Animal Sciences, IPB University. By performing the phenol-chloroform method, the genomic DNA was obtained. A polymerase chain reaction (PCR) product with a size of 557 bp was produced as a result of the DNA amplification. Three single-nucleotide sequences were discovered. Three single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs), g.7835A G, g.7886A T, and g.8052T C, were found in exon5 of the PRL gene. Each mutation was polymorphic and in Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium. The point mutation g.8052T C significantly impacted the egg production of IPB-D1 chickens, according to the SNP association analysis on egg production, and may serve as a marker to enhance the selection for the features of egg production in IPB-D1 chickens.

Hatchability and hatching time of Arab Chicken eggs With Different Heat Sources

This study was conducted to determine the hatchability and hatching time of Arab chicken eggs in incubators with different heat sources. The research was carried out at the Poultry Laboratory of the Faculty of Animal Science, University of Mataram. A total of three hundred fertile eggs were placed into two different types of incubators which were an electric incubator (EI) and an oil lamp heating incubator (OLHI). Each treatment was repeated three times (150 eggs/treatment). The data were analysed using the t-student test. The results showed that the fertility of Arab chicken eggs incubated using the electric incubator (EI) was 85.2% and OLHI incubator was 90.7%. Embryo viability at EI was 85.6% and OLHI was 90.5%. The hatchability of EI was 70.9% and OLHI was 83.8%, and the hatching weight of EI was 29.6 g, while the OLHI hatching machine was 28.9 g, and the hatching time of eggs on the EI incubator was 21.3 days and OLHI was 21.7 days. Different types of incubators had no significant effect (P>0,05) on the fertility of eggs, embryo viability, hatching time, and hatching weight but it had an effect (p=0.043) on the hatchability. In conclusion, the heat source of the kerosene lamp was better than that of an electric heating incubator