Faculty Of Animal Science Research Articles

Isolation and identification of bacterial pathogens from cloacal swabs of turkeys and their antimicrobial sensitivity patterns

The present study was carried for the isolation, identification of bacterial pathogens from cloacal swabs of turkeys during the period from January-June, 2016. The entire research work was conducted in the Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary and Animal Science, Hajee Mohammad Danesh Science and Technology University (HSTU), Dinajpur. The study was performed with 48 cloacal swab samples. The cloacal swab samples were collected carefully from three different Turkey Farms randomly and transferred aseptically to the laboratory. On the basis of morphology, staining, cultural and biochemical characteristics it was found that among the isolates 25(52.08%) samples were positive E. coli, 10(20.83%) samples were positive for Salmonella spp., 9(18.76%) samples were positive for both E. coli and Salmonella spp. and 4(8.33%) samples shown no growth in subculture media. Antibiogram profiles indicate that E. coli isolated were 100% sensitive to Azithromycin, Kanamycin and Ciprofloxacin, 80% sensitive to Cefradine, Vancomycin and Levofloxacin, 60% sensitive to Cefotetan and Nitrofurantoin and 40% sensitive to Erythromycin. The isolates were 100% resistant to Cloxacillin and Cefixime. On the other hand, Salmonella spp. were 100% sensitive to Azithromycin, Kanamycin, Levofloxacin and Ciprofloxacin, 80% sensitive to Nitrofurantoin and Teicoplanin, 60% sensitive to Vancomycin, Erythromycin and Cefixime and 20% sensitive to Cefotetan. The isolates were 100% resistant to cefradine and cloxacillin. So, for E. coli Azithromycin, Kanamycin and Ciprofloxacin were more sensitive and for Salmonella spp. Azithromycin, Kanamycin, Ciprofloxacin and Levofloxacin were highly sensitive. Diversified bacterial species were present in cloacal swabs of Turkeys. However, E. coli, Salmonella spp. infection might make the birds vulnerable for easy access of infection. It could be concluded that E. coli and Salmonella spp. may pass through the feces to the environment. It causes a potential human health hazards and can cause illness.Asian J. Med. Biol. Res. December 2017, 3(4): 419-425

Inclusion of crushed corn grains and citrus pulp improves the quality of soybean silage

We aimed to evaluate the effect of the inclusion of corn and citrus pulp as additives in soybean silage made in plastic (PVC) tubes. The experimental design was completely randomized, with a 2x4 factorial arrangement consisting of two additive groups (corn and citrus pulp) and four inclusion levels (no inclusion, 7, 14 and 21%). The experiment was conducted at the Forage Sector of the Lageado Experimental Farm, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, UNESP, Botucatu, SP, and chemical composition analysis was carried out at the Laboratory of Bromatology. The soybean variety used was BMX Potencia RR. Mechanical harvest occurred at the R7 phenological stage, at a height of 15 cm, using a harvester equipped with a two-row platform. The material was chopped into medium particles of 3 to 6 mm. After 45 days, the silages were analyzed for dry matter, crude protein (CP), total digestible nutrients, pH, ethereal extract, neutral detergent fiber, acid detergent fiber, lignin, total dry matter loss, and total carbohydrates (CHOS). The inclusion of corn (21%) and citrus pulp (14 and 21%) reduced CP values (P<0.05). Control silage contained less CHOS (P<0.05). The inclusion of corn meal is better than citrus pulp to improve the values of soybean silage.

Study of the Relationship of Parents of Elementary School Students with the Faculty of Animal Science and Food Engineering FZEA / USP

Este artigo é o resultado de uma análise qualitativa e quantitativa referente ao levantamento das percepções de pais de alunos do ensino fundamental da rede pública, em relação à Universidade de São Paulo (USP), durante participação no projeto “USP na Escolinha”. O objetivo foi retratar a sinestesia de pais participantes e verificar a inserção desses sujeitos perante essa universidade pública. Conclui-se que o grupo estudado desconhece informações importantes, por exemplo, se a USP recolhe mensalidades dos alunos ou não. Percebe-se o interesse da comunidade em participar de atividades ofertadas pela instituição de ensino estudada, porém, há desconhecimento sobre como participar. Como método, os autores realizaram a coleta de dados por meio de questionários, distribuídos pelo projeto de extensão universitária da instituição, tendo como público-alvo os pais de crianças com idade entre seis e dez anos, participantes desse projeto. O resultado contribui para contextualizar os desafios da comunicação entre comunidade e universidade pública; além disso, o trabalho serve de referência para outras universidades públicas brasileiras interessadas em aprimorar os trabalhos de extensão.

Analisis Keuntungan Usaha Produksi Ayam Goreng Presto pada Produk Celebes Organik Chicken (COC) (Studi Kasus Program IbIKK di Fakultas Peternakan, Universitas Hasanuddin)

This study aimed to analyze a number of profits from the sale of products fried chicken presto vaccum packed with brand Celebes Organic Chicken (COC). This product was developed from the activities of science and technology for innovation and campus creativity community service programs in the Faculty of Animal Science, Hasanuddin University. The process of production and sales made at the Laboratory of Meat and Egg Processing Technology, Faculty of Animal Science, Hasanuddin University. The production process done through several processes, namely: washing, seasoning, cooking, refrigeration, vacuum packing, and freezing. Based on the results of the data analysis of the benefit and costs of product sales result that, on the scale of business of 5 chickens with 1.5–1.6 kg carcass weight (10 pieces of chicken) (17 packsto produce the amount of fixed costs by IDR 4.778.333, variable costs IDR 5.660.000, the benefit of IDR 13.175.000, and the benefit of IDR 2.736.667. The end result of this calculation concluded that this business is very profitable, so it is feasible to be developed into a business. The profit margin obtained IDR 4.123/pack.

ENUMERASI DAN ANALISIS BAKTERI TANAH DI HUTAN LARANGAN ADAT RUMBIO (Enumeration And Bacteria Analysis of Soil on The Larangan Adat Rumbio Forest)

One of indicator of soil fertility is the population level of microbial in the soil. This research aims to determine the number of bacterial populations in the soil on yhe Larangan Adat Rumbi Forest with different levels of depth. This research has been carried out on January-February 2015 in the Laboratory of Pathology, Entomology and Microbiology, Faculty of Agriculture and Animal Sciences of State Islamic University of Sultan Syarif Kasim Riau. The method that was used namely observation method by taking soil samples on the Larangan Adat Rumbio Forest then calculated the number of colonies of bacteria and analyze the morphology of the bacteria that was obtained macroscopically and microscopically. Parameters measured were pH of soil, the population of bacteria, bacterial morphology, gram stain, and bacterial cell shape based on soil depth of 0-10 cm, 11-20 cm, 21-30 cm. Observations carried out two stages macroscopic and microscopic observation. The results showed the soil pH on the Larangan Adat Rumbio Forest was 4,11. Total population of bacteria at depth of 0-10 cm namely 3,0 x 109 CFU, then at a depth of 11-20 cm namely of 2,2 x 109 CFU and at depth of 21-30 cm namely 1,6 x 108 CFU. The Results of purification of culture was obtained six isolat two coccus and four bacil consisting of five gram negative bacteria and one gram positive. Need to do further research on bacteria identification to genus or species level.

Respon pertumbuhan dan produksi tanaman sawi Pakcoy (Brassica chinensis L.) akibat pemberian berbagai jenis pupuk kandang

The purpose of this research was to determine growth and production responses of Spoon Mustard (Brassica chinensis L.) due to the treatment of various type of manure and to determine types of manure which effective for the growth and production of Spoon Mustard. This Research has been conducted at Experimental field and Laboratory of Plants’s Ecology and Production, Faculty of Animal and Agricultural Science, Diponegoro University from January to March 2017. This research used monofactorexperiment in Completely Randomized design arrangement. The treatment was variation of manure which were cow manure, goat manure, sheep manure, horse manure, and chicken manure, they would be compared with nontreatment (0 fertilizer) and 300 kg/ha urea in four times replication. The obtained data were processed statistically with analysis of variance (F test) and Duncan Multiple Range Test at 5% level. The result’s showed that manure treatment with different types gave effect to the plant heigh, number of leaves, leaf area, and plant production. The best treatment was chicken manure treatment which produced average of plant height as 26,33 cm, average of number of leaves as 11sheet, average of leaf area as 1033,30 cm, and Spoon Mustard production as 2319,90 g/m2.Keywords: Organic Fertilizer, Manure, Pakcoy.

Frecuencia y caracterización de las principales neoplasias presentes en el perro doméstico en Tamaulipas (México)

En México, la investigación sobre oncología veterinaria es escasa. Este es el primer informe sobre las neoplasias más comunes en el perro doméstico en el noreste de México y establece las bases importantes para futuras investigaciones epidemiológicas. Se realizó un estudio retrospectivo de 2013 y prospectivo de enero a agosto de 2014, en el Departamento de Patología Animal de la Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia de la Universidad Autónoma de Tamaulipas y en un laboratorio particular. Se analizaron un total de 250 muestras de citopatología e histopatología de tumores o lesiones sugestivas a neoplasias. De estas 213 se diagnosticaron como neoplasias y 37 como procesos no neoplásicos. Las neoplasias malignas fueron más frecuentes que las benignas. Se clasificaron en epiteliales o mesenquimales. Los perros mestizos fueron los más afectados, seguidos por la raza labrador. Las hembras presentaron mayor frecuencia en el desarrollo de tumores, con 145 registros. Para el análisis estadístico se utilizó la prueba exacta de Fisher, que determinó la existencia de una asociación estadística significativa (p &lt; 0,05) entre la presencia de los cinco tipos de tumores más frecuentes y el sexo, la raza y la edad de los pacientes en el desarrollo de neoplasias. No se observaron diferencias significativas al evaluar el comportamiento del tumor neoplásico con raza y sexo, aunque sí hubo diferencia significativa (p &lt; 0,05) con la edad de los pacientes.

Meat Preservation with Addition of Kecombrang Leaves (Etlingera Elatior) in Refrigerator Temperature

The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of kecombrang leaves (Etlingera elatior) on the physical, chemical and microbiological quality on meat that stored at refrigerator temperatures. The research was conducted in June until August 2016 in the Laboratory of Meat Science and Technology Department of Product Technology, Faculty of Animal Science, Gadjah Mada University. This study used a completely randomized design (CRD) 3 x 3 factorial (3 condition of kecombrang leaves, 3 storage time), each treatment was repeated 3 times, and the different means were tested by Duncan test. The results Showed that the addition of kecombrang leaves and storage time had significantly affected (P&lt;0.05) on the total microbes in meat. Meat control (8,00 log cfu/ml±0,48) and meat with the addition of kecombrang leaves powder (6,59 log cfu/ml±0,40) more effective in suppressing of total microbes that growing compared with kecombrang leaves pasta (7,12 log cfu/ml±0,35). Storage time make pH value and cooking losses in meat decrease. Kecombrang leaves condition and storage time did not affected to water content, protein content, fat content and tenderness in beef.

Leaf Area Index, Chlorophyll, Photosynthesis rate of Lettuce (Lactuca sativa L) under N-organic Fertilizer

The objective of this research is to assess the growth and physiological characteristics of lettuce in the delivery of different N-organics. Research was conducted at Faculty of Animal and Agricultural Sciences, Diponegoro University, Indonesia. The materials used were seeds of lettuce (Lettuce sativa L) on Oxisol soil types, with the total N content of 0.18 %, P (18 mg. g-1), K (23 mg. g-1) and C (1.52 %) were utilized. The organic fertilizers applied were cow-, sheep-, and guano manures, and compost and green manure (Leucaena leucocephala). The experimental design was a randomized block design with four replications and five treatments. The treatment dose of fertilizer applied is equivalent to 100 kg N / ha, namely: cow-manure ; sheep-manure; guano manure ; compost and green manure. Green manure, set into the ground is Leucaena leucocephala. The variables measured were the number of leaves, leaf area, leaf area index(LAI), the rate of photosynthesis, Chlorophyll total, anti-oxidant activity, fresh weight of lettuce per plot. The data obtained were analyzed using an ANOVA followed by the Duncan test. Guano fertilizer provided the most excellent effect on leaves, LAI, the rate of photosynthesis and biomass lettuce. Fertilizers derived from animal manure (guano, cattle, goats) gave a more excellent effect on the rate of photosynthesis of plants. Compost origin gave the lowest effect on leaf area, LAI, and the rate of photosynthesis. The number of leaves, total chlorophyll, and antioxidant content were not influenced by the different organic N fertilizers.

Muerte súbita por alotrofagia y hemoncosis en una cabra (Capra aegagrus hircus) del departamento de córdoba, Colombia

Se expone el caso de una cabra doméstica de raza alpina, macho entero, de 6 años de edad aproximadamente, la cual fue atendida por el servicio de patología animal de la Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia de la Universidad de Córdoba. La anamnesis indica que el animal fue encontrado muerto en el aprisco en horas de la mañana, sin reportes de antecedentes de traumas o enfermedad por parte del operario, por lo que fue trasladado a la sala de necropsia del área de patología animal. Al examen externo del cadáver se observó: pobre condición corporal, pelaje hirsuto, mucosas pálidas y marcada distención abdominal. La necropsia evidenció anemia (palidez en las mucosas ocular y bucal, así como en los músculos y en la escasez de tejido adiposo subcutáneo), se encontró hidrotórax e hidroperitoneo, los pre-estómagos se encontraron aumentados de tamaño con presencia de gas y material sólido. Al diseccionar el rumen se hallaron grandes cantidades de bolsas plásticas, así como gran cantidad de semillas de mango (Mangifera spp). Al diseccionar el abomaso, se detectó la mucosa abomasal eritematosa y edematizada con presencia de grandes cantidades de parásitos redondos de color rojo tipo Haemonchus contortus, por lo que fueron colectados parásitos adultos y materia fecal de la ampolla rectal y enviados al laboratorio de parasitología de la Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia de la Universidad de Córdoba para su clasificación. Los diagnósticos definitivos del cadáver fueron: anemia marcada, abomasitis parasitaria por Hemoncosis (Haemonchus contortus), sobrecarga ruminal por alotrofagia (plasticofagia), siendo éstas las causas probables de la muerte del animal.

Pengaruh penggunaan tepung limbah udang fermentasi terhadap karakteristik organ reproduksi pada puyuh petelur (Coturnix coturnix japonica)

The aim of the present study was to evaluate the effect of fermented shrimp waste meal on the characteristics of reproductive organs such as live weight, oviduct weight and length, ovarian weight, total yellow follicles, total white follicles, oviduct percentage and reproductive organ percentage. This experiment was conducted on Faculty of Animal Science and Agriculture, Diponegoro University. A total of 250, 6-week-old Japanese quail (consist of 250 females) were randomly assigned to one of 5 dietary treatments. 1st group (T0) was fed by diet without shrimp waste (control), 2nd group (T1) was fed by diet with 7,5% non-fermented shrimp waste, 3rd group (T3) was fed by diet with 5% fermented shrimp waste (FSW), 4th group (T3) was fed by diet with 7,5% FSW and 5th group was fed by diet with 10% FSW. 2 quails from each replicates were taken as samples. The members of a given sample were killed by severing the neck then separated the reproductive organs from the body. Measured the live weight, oviduct weight and length, ovarian weight, total yellow follicles, total white follicles, oviduct percentage and reproductive organ percentage. All data were examined using analysis of variance (ANOVA). The results showed that the effect of fermented shrimp waste meal on reproductive organs characteristics such as live weight, oviduct weight and length, ovarian weight, total yellow follicles, total white follicles, oviduct percentage and reproductive organ percentage were not significant. The use of fermented shrimp waste up to 10% didn’t obstruct the growth and development of quail reproductive organs.

Kualitas Bakteri Asam Laktat Isolasi Jerami Padi Dengan Penambahan Berbagai Level Molases

One of the problems in the development of ruminants, especially in the dry season is difficult to feed of quantity and quality. The aim of this research is to study of pH, the number of colonies of Lactic Acid Bacteria, antimicrobial isolated from rice straw silage with the addition of levels of molasses. This research was conducted from Juli until November 2015 at Laboratory of Agrosotology, Feed Industry and Soil Science, Faculty of Agriculture and Animal Science, State Islamic University of Sultan Syarif Kasim Riau.. The research method of rice straw silage with the addition of various levels of molasses, isolation of lactic acid bacteria and antimicrobial effect. The method used to analyze pH, the number of colonies of Lactic Acid Bacteria, and antimicrobial effect is exploration by using descriptive analysis. The conclusion that treatment of rice straw silage by adding molasses 9% level pH content, the number of colonies and the antimicrobial effect better than the other treatments.

Use of Nandrolone Decanoate in Treatment of Pure Red Cell Aplasia Secondary to Diclofenac Administration: A Case Report

Pure red cell aplasia (PRCA) is a disorder that leads to a nonregenerative anemia that results from erythroid precursors failing to reach maturity in the bone marrow, whereas the numbers of mature myeloid and megakaryocytic cells remain normal. PRCA can be induced by autoimmune processes, infections, drugs, toxins, and radiation, and is diagnosed by a bone marrow cytology examination after excluding the most common causes of nonregenerative anemia. Immunosuppressive therapies are used to treat PRCA, and usually involve the use of glucocorticoids, cyclosporin, or azathioprine. Alternatively, although little studied in veterinary medicine, drugs which stimulate bone marrow (e.g., nandrolone decanoate) have been mentioned as possible therapeutic agents. A case of PRCA that presented at the Veterinary Teaching Hospital of the Faculty of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science (UNESP)-Botucatu, Brazil showed a good therapeutic response to weekly administration of nandrolone decanoate. Therefore, it was concluded that bone marrow stimulants might improve the quality of life of PRCA patients, provided they are used with caution and under close clinical supervision.

Dinamika Kelompok Peternak Sapi Potong Binaan Universitas Gadjah Mada di Propinsi Daerah Istimewa Yogyakarta

&lt;p class="p1"&gt;This study aimed to analyze the dynamics of cattle farmer groups assisted by Universitas Gadjah Mada (Faculty of Animal Science) in Yogyakarta Province. The total number of respondents were 77 farmers of cattle farmer groups. The tool used was a questionnaire that has proven validity and reliability. This study was conducted by survey method through the stages of preparation and execution. In the preparation phase carried out the determination of groups and cattle farmer samples using pusposive random sampling. The results showed that the dynamics of cattle farmer groups assisted by Universitas Gadjah Mada in Yogyakarta Province included in the high category. The highest group dynamics was Ngudi Barokah Group in Kulonprogo (equal to 82.48%), followed by the Sido Kumpul Group in Bantul (81.92%), then Bayu Andini Group in Sleman (77.22%), and Lembu Lestari Group in Gunungkidul (73.02%). Constituent elements of the group dynamics of goals, group structure, function assignments, development, cohesiveness, atmosphere and effectiveness of the group had a high level, while the group pressure was ini medium level.&lt;/p&gt;

Dinamika Kelompok Peternak Sapi Potong Binaan Universitas Gadjah Mada di Propinsi Daerah Istimewa Yogyakarta

&lt;p class="p1"&gt;This study aimed to analyze the dynamics of cattle farmer groups assisted by Universitas Gadjah Mada (Faculty of Animal Science) in Yogyakarta Province. The total number of respondents were 77 farmers of cattle farmer groups. The tool used was a questionnaire that has proven validity and reliability. This study was conducted by survey method through the stages of preparation and execution. In the preparation phase carried out the determination of groups and cattle farmer samples using pusposive random sampling. The results showed that the dynamics of cattle farmer groups assisted by Universitas Gadjah Mada in Yogyakarta Province included in the high category. The highest group dynamics was Ngudi Barokah Group in Kulonprogo (equal to 82.48%), followed by the Sido Kumpul Group in Bantul (81.92%), then Bayu Andini Group in Sleman (77.22%), and Lembu Lestari Group in Gunungkidul (73.02%). Constituent elements of the group dynamics of goals, group structure, function assignments, development, cohesiveness, atmosphere and effectiveness of the group had a high level, while the group pressure was ini medium level.&lt;/p&gt;

Dimorfismo sexual e estrutura perineal em Coendou prehensilis (Ouriço-cacheiro)

RESUMO: Coendou prehensilis é um mamífero da ordem Rodentia, que é composta por cinco subordens: Sciuromorfos, a qual pertencem os esquilos; Castorimorfos, onde encontramos os castores; Myomorfos, a qual encontramos os ratos; Anomaluromorfos, Lebre-saltadora, e os Histricomorfos, onde observamos a capivara. Utilizamos nesta pesquisa o ouriço-cacheiro (Coendou prehensilis) sendo um macho e uma fêmea, ambos adultos. Estes animais foram encontrados em óbito por atropelamento nas rodovias da região de Pirassununga-SP e cedidos para o Laboratório de Anatomia do Departamento de Medicina Veterinária da Faculdade de Zootecnia e Engenharia de Alimentos da Universidade de São Paulo FZEA/USP devido a permissão do Ibama para estudar os animais (Registro SISBIO no. 43274-1), os quais foram fixados com formaldeído a 10% e dissecados na região do períneo. Os resultados mostraram que a única característica que nos permite diferenciar machos de fêmeas, é o espaço entre o ânus e as genitais dos animais, sendo que o macho apresenta essa distância maior que a fêmea. O períneo é uma região extra cavitária de delimitação losangular, sendo essa delimitação feita pelos ossos interpubiano, púbico e pelos processos do púbis e ísquio. O períneo do Coendou prehensílis macho é composto por cinco principais músculos, sendo três encontrados dispostos no diafragma urogenital superficial, (Músculos isquiocavernosos, M. bulbocavernoso e Mm. Bulboesponjosos) e dois no diafragma pélvico (M. levantador do ânus e M. retrator do pênis). O períneo da fêmea é composto pelos músculos (isquiocavernoso, o bulboesponjoso, levantador do ânus e esfíncter anal externo). Conclui-se que ambos os sexos possuem os músculos isquiocavernosos, Mm. Bulboesponjosos, M. levantador do ânus e esfíncter anal externo, além de que o estudo da região perineal dos animais é de grande importância, pois através do entendimento da função e localização de cada músculo, podemos contribuir para futuras pesquisas sobre reprodução e comportamento animal durante a cópula auxiliando para um melhor entendimento do potencial reprodutivo de roedores da família Erethizontidae, além de contribuir na base do desenvolvimento da biotecnologia aplicada à reprodução visando até mesmo à reprodução desses animais em cativeiro além do meio ambiente livre.

PENINGKATAN EFISIENSI PUPUK FOSFAT MELALUI APLIKASI MIKORIZA PADA KEDELAI

The research purpose to investigate effect of mychorriza and phosphor dosage on growth and yield of soybean. The research was conducted in field experimental of Agriculture and Animal Science Faculty of State Islamic Univesity of Sultan Syarif Kasim Riau started from April to July, 2015. The planting media was peat soil with a pH of 4,79 and seeds used black soybean Mallika Varieties .The research was used Randomized Block Design with two factorials and four replications, the first factor was the dosage phosphor e.g. 0, 75, 150 kg/ha whereas the second factor was mychorriza consisted of 0, 20, 40, 60 g/polybag. The following parameter were observed e.g plant heigh, persentase mycorrhiza infection, number and weight of root nodules, number of pods/plant, number of seed/plant, weight dry seed/plant, weight dry plant, weight dry root, time of flowering and age of harvest time. The result showed that mychorriza application did not increased phsophor efficiency on soybean yield. Without mychorriza and phosphor 150 kg/ha increased shott-root ration at 80 days after planting.

Formative and Summative Assessment in Veterinary Pathology and Other Courses at a Mexican Veterinary College.

The Faculty of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science of the National Autonomous University of Mexico (UNAM) uses the Moodle learning management system for formative and summative computer assessment. The authors of this article-the teacher primarily responsible for Moodle implementation and a researcher who is a recent Moodle adopter-describe and discuss the students' and teachers' attitudes to summative and formative computer assessment in Moodle. Item analysis of quiz results helped us to identify and fix poorly performing questions, which greatly reduced student complaints and improved objective assessment. The use of certainty-based marking (CBM) in formative assessment in veterinary pathology was well received by the students and should be extended to more courses. The importance of having proficient computer support personnel should not be underestimated. A properly translated language pack is essential for the use of Moodle in a language other than English.

Redes bluetooth associadas a redes neurais artificiais para monitoramento de suínos

The article aims to present a methodology to determine the positioning of pigs in a stall or barn, using the value of the receiver signal strength indicator (RSSI), measured between a mobile device carried by a pig and three fixed devices. The RSSI data were processed by a neural network artificial multilayer perceptron (PMC), responsible for interpreting the RSSI signals and correlate them with the Cartesian coordinates X and Y location of the pig. An experiment was conducted to collect data at the Faculty of Animal Science and Food Engineering (FZEA / USP) in an area of 16 m2 which was divided into 289 points, with 286 points used to collect training data and test the PMC network. After training of the neural network were chosen randomly 8 points within the experimental area for which the trained neural network was able to estimate the geolocation coordinates and after training and operations carried out with different architectures, it was concluded that the architecture endowed with 10 neurons in the hidden layer, consisted in the best alternative, the results of which monitoring pig were obtained with acceptable accuracy values.

Isotopic of nitrogen and chemical analysis of deferred grazing marandu palisadegrass fertilized with urea and poultry litter

This study aimed to evaluate and quantify the methodology of stable isotopes, 15N values for the organic fertilizer (chicken manure) and inorganic (urea). In addition to evaluating the incorporation rate, chemical half-life and analysis thereof, for possible traceability through the pasture fertilized with different sources of N. The technique of employment with use of tracer stable isotope 15N possible to estimate the changes in the N soil, even in the face of the various changes that take place concurrently. The methodology determines the path of both N isotopes (15N and 14N), providing information about the system and estimating N transformation rates The experimental work was conducted at the Faculty of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, UNESP Botucatu. An area of 576m2 was used for the parcels, which were divided between the 3 treatments with 4 repetitions each: T1 - control treatment without fertilization; T2 - fertilization with urea and T3 - organic fertilizer with poultry litter. The grass was cut every 15 days, three months after fertilization, for a total of four periods of grazing exclusion. Experimental samples were analyzed for the isotopic nitrogen and crude protein, neutral detergent fiber, acid detergent fiber, cellulose, hemicellulose and lignin composition. Degradation of poultry litter, the sand bag method was analyzed by linear regression. (delta-N-15) forage, fodder percentage of nitrogen, percentage of total nitrogen sheet, (delta-N-15) on the sheet, and (delta-N-15) at the helm were different between treatments. To this end collection, difference was observed for% Total Nitrogen, % Total N in sheet, % Total N in the trunk and% Total N at the helm. The crude protein analysis revealed significant differences between treatments, while the crude protein and lignin differ according to time after fertilization. The technique of N stable isotope effectively distinguish the composition of organic and inorganic fertilizers in deferred grazing pastures of Urochloa brizantha cv. Marandu. Forage quality was not influenced by the source of N.