Factory Tests Research Articles

穴盘苗基质块仿真粘结参数标定与试验

To accurately simulate the interactions between the plug seedlings and the planter during the planting process and explore the damage mechanism of the plug seedling substrate block, the bonding parameters of plug seedlings substrate block were calibrated by the discrete element method. The physical puncture test showed that the average of maximum force of the cone indenter on substrate block measured by texture analyzer was 4.633 N. A Hertz-Mindlin with the bonding model was established for the substrate block in EDEM software. A virtual calibration experiment was designed with the puncture force of substrate block as the evaluation index. The two-level factorial test and the steepest climbing test were used to screen out the significant parameters and the optimal interval. Then, the Box-Behnken test and the optimization solution were used to obtain the optimal bonding parameter combination of the substrate block particles. Finally, the optimal parameter combination was simulated and verified. The relative error of the maximum puncture force between the simulated value and the measured value was 1.88 %, which indicated that the bonding parameters of the substrate block obtained by calibration were accurate and reliable.

Using Computational Models to Test Syntactic Learnability

We studied the learnability of English filler-gap dependencies and the “island” constraints on them by assessing the generalizations made by autoregressive (incremental) language models that use deep learning to predict the next word given preceding context. Using factorial tests inspired by experimental psycholinguistics, we found that models acquire not only the basic contingency between fillers and gaps, but also the unboundedness and hierarchical constraints implicated in the dependency. We evaluated a model’s acquisition of island constraints by demonstrating that its expectation for a filler-gap contingency is attenuated within an island environment. Our results provide empirical evidence against the argument from the poverty of the stimulus for this particular structure.

Quality by design-based capillary electrophoresis method development for the quantitative analysis of four iridoid compounds in Gentiana macrophylla Radix.

In this study, the capillary electrophoresis-photodiode array detector was employed for the analysis of four iridoid compounds in Gentiana macrophylla Radix (RGM), and the method was optimized based on the concept of analytical quality by design (AQbD). The peak areas relative standard deviation (n=3) and resolution of the four analytes were selected as critical method attributes. Fractional factorial design test combined with Pareto analysis were employed to screen critical method parameters (buffer concentration, pH, sodium dodecyl sulfate [SDS] micelle concentration, temperature, and voltage). Subsequently, three main factors (buffer concentration, buffer pH, and SDS concentration) were selected by central composite design test for constructing the design space. The optimal separation conditions as follows: capillary column (50.2cm×50µm, detection length 40cm). Working background electrolyte consisted of 51mmol/L borax solution (pH=9.47) and 40mmol/L SDS. The samples were injected by pressure (5s at 0.5psi) and the detection was performed at 254nm. Applied voltage was 20kV and column temperature was 23°C. The developed method is rapid and reliable for the quantitative analysis of four iridoid compounds in RGM, providing a reference for the application of AQbD concept in the analysis of natural products.

Experiment and Analysis on Friction Damage and Energy Loss Characteristics of Potatoes

In view of the problem that the research of potato friction damage is not sufficiently systematic and the characteristics of potato friction damage and energy loss are not clear, this paper investigates the initial height, potato mass, potato varieties, friction materials and temperature as experimental factors and the epidermal damage proportion as the evaluation index, filtering for significant factors by a factorial test. On this basis, the proportion of epidermal damage and the ratio of energy consumption loss were used as evaluation indicators to conduct a single factor test for significant factors. Thereby, the influence of these factors on friction damage and energy loss characteristics of potato were further investigated. The results show that the initial height, potato mass and potato varieties were the significant factors affecting the proportion of epidermal damage of potatoes. With the increase in initial height, the proportion of epidermal damage and ratio of energy consumption loss gradually increased. With the increment in potato mass, the proportion of epidermal damage gradually increased, and the energy consumption loss ratio gradually decreased. The epidermal damage proportion and energy consumption loss ratio of potato varieties were ranked as Xisen 1 > Jizhang 12 > Xisen 6 > Xuechuanhong > Netherlands 15, and Netherlands 15 > Xisen 6 > Xisen 1 > Xuechuanhong > Jizhang 12, respectively. The energy loss ratio and epidermal damage proportion were highly correlated at initial height and potato mass. A mathematical model for predicting the proportion of epidermal damage using energy consumption loss ratio is proposed: η1 = 0.8861ζ − 0.2062 (R2 = 0.8626), η2 = −0.5813ζ + 0.2394 (R2 = 0.8537).

Investigation of a Simple Viscoelastic Model for a PVC-Gel Actuator under Combined Mechanical and Electrical Loading.

PVC gels are gaining more attention in the applications of soft actuators. While their characteristics have been extensively studied experimentally, precise models that predict the deformation due to imposed mechanical and electrical forces are not yet available. In this work, a viscoelastic model based on a combination of a Maxwell and a Kelvin-Voigt model is developed to describe the responsive deformation of the actuator. The model parameters are tuned using data obtained from a unique experimental setup. The PVC gel used in the actuator is made from PVC and dibutyl adipate (DBA) together with a tetrahydrofuran (THF) solvent. A full factorial test campaign with four and three levels for the mechanical and electrical forces, respectively, are considered. The results showed that some of the viscoelastic response could be captured by the model to some extent but, furthermore, the stiffness behavior of the PVC gel seemed to be load-type-dependent, meaning that the PVC-gel material changed stiffness due to the magnitude of the electrical force applied and this change was not equal to a similar change in mechanical force.

Psychometric Properties of the Spanish Burnout Inventory in University Teachers in Hybrid Education

Introduction The scientific literature argues the urgent need for adequate tools to assess burnout in human service professionals, however, little progress has been made on this in university teachers in hybrid environments, even though after the pandemic, these work scenarios are predominant. Objective To determine the psychometric properties of invariance between male and female teachers of hybrid education in the Spanish Burnout Inventory (SBI). Method The anonymous, self-administered SBI was administered to 1060 university teachers in Lima, Peru, from online random sampling. Of the total number of participants, 626 were women (59.1%) and 434 were men (40.9%), with an age range of 22 to 76 years, with a mean of 46.97 and a standard deviation of 10.256. It should be noted that 74.5% of the teachers worked full time. The analysis used the statistical programs AMOS v24, SPSS v26 and R-Project v4.1.2. First, a descriptive analysis of the data was performed, as well as a multivariate normality test of the data. Secondly, confirmatory factor analysis was performed; finally, a factorial invariance test was performed. Results Cronbach's alpha of the SBI was 0.827, and for each subscale: Enthusiasm toward the job (0.742), Psychological exhaustion (0.889), Indolence (0.819), Guilt (0.816). According to the fit indicators, the confirmatory factor model is adequate. The results supported configural invariance, metric invariance, scalar invariance, and strict invariance in the male and female groups, although further investigation of some items specific to the indolence factor is needed. Conclusion The SBI is a valid instrument to assess burnout in university teachers in hybrid environments. Studies associated with the SBI focus on its psychometric properties, burnout prevalence, related variables, and literature reviews. The validation of the SBI in various countries and service areas is discussed, as well as future implications for intervention in burnout prevention and mastery.

Parameter Estimation for Hot-spot Thermal Model of Power Transformers Using Unscented Kalman Filters

This paper presents a parameter estimation technique for the hot-spot thermal model of power transformers. The proposed technique is based on the unscented formulation of the Kalman filter, jointly considering the state variables and parameters of the dynamic thermal model. A two-stage estimation technique that takes advantage of different loading conditions is developed, in order to increase the number of parameters which can be identified. Simulation results are presented, which show that the observable parameters are estimated with an error of less than 3%. The parameter estimation procedure is mainly intended for factory testing, allowing the manufacturer to enhance the thermal model of power transformers and, therefore, its customers to increase the lifetime of these assets. The proposed technique could be additionally considered in field applications if the necessary temperature measurements are available.

Bingöl İlinde Halk Elinde Yetiştirilen Akkaraman ırkı Kuzuların Büyüme Performansının İncelenmesi

Bu çalışmada Bingöl’de yetiştirilen Akkaraman ırkı kuzuların altıncı ay canlı ağırlığına (AW) ve sütten kesim ağırlığına (WW) yaş, cinsiyet ve doğum tipi gibi faktörlerin etkisi ile doğum ağırlığı (BW) üzerinde yaş ve cinsiyetin etkileri araştırılmıştır. Faktöriyel ANOVA testi sonucunda, AW değişkeni yaş, cinsiyet ve doğum tipi (p

Studies of the Cracking Behaviour of High-Pressure Laminates

The European standard EN 438-2 (2019) describes a method to assess the resistance to cracking of high-pressure laminate (HPL). In the EN 438-2 setup, the samples’ shrinkage at a temperature of 50 °C for 6 h is restrained by a metal clamp. The resulting tensile stress may lead to the cracking of the laminate. With the intention to gain additional insight into the parameters and influencing factors of the standard test, the resistance to cracking of 43 laminates was tested in accordance with the standard and with a prolonged testing time. Additionally, the tensile strength and shrinkage of the laminates were determined under the conditions of the standard test. The standard test uses free laminates (laminates not glued to a carrier board), so in order to correlate the results to applications that are close to real-life situations, four of the laminates were also tested when glued to carrier boards the size of furniture doors. In this full factorial test, particle board and gypsum board were used as carrier boards, UF and PVAc as adhesives, and the possible shrinkage of the laminates was adjusted by two moisture conditions of the laminates. The resistance to cracking in the standard test turned out to be mainly influenced by the composition of the laminate. Thin laminates with a pure paper backing were especially prone to cracking in the setup. Within the 6 h storage at 50 °C of the standard test, the laminates did not reach moisture equilibrium. Prolonged storage at 50 °C until equilibrium was reached (which took up to 10 days) allowed an improved differentiation of the cracking resistance, especially of thicker laminates. Four of the laminates were also tested on wooden and mineral-based carrier boards with either PVAc or UF as adhesive and two moisture contents of the laminates. The following parameters were identified as a critical combination for cracking: laminate with a low cracking resistance according to the EN 438-2 test in combination with a non-hygroscopic mineral-based carrier board, increased moisture of the laminate before being glued on the board, and the use of PVAc adhesive.

Spectral analysis for pulse rate variability assessment from simulated photoplethysmographic signals.

Introduction: Pulse rate variability (PRV) refers to the changes in pulse rate through time and is extracted from pulsatile signals such as the photoplethysmogram (PPG). Although PRV has been used as a surrogate of heart rate variability (HRV), which is measured from the electrocardiogram (ECG), these variables have been shown to have differences, and it has been hypothesised that these differences may arise from technical aspects that may affect the reliable extraction of PRV from PPG signals. Moreover, there are no guidelines for the extraction of PRV information from pulsatile signals. Aim: In this study, the extraction of frequency-domain information from PRV was studied, in order to establish the best performing combination of parameters and algorithms to obtain the spectral representation of PRV. Methods: PPG signals with varying and known PRV content were simulated, and PRV information was extracted from these signals. Several spectral analysis techniques with different parameters were applied, and absolute, relative and centroid-related frequency-domain indices extracted from each combination. Indices from extracted and known PRV were compared using factorial analyses and Kruskal-Wallis tests to determine which spectral analysis technique gave the best performing results. Results: It was found that using fast Fourier transform and the multiple signal classification (PMUSIC) algorithms gave the best results, combined with cubic spline interpolation and a frequency resolution of 0.0078Hz for the former; and a linear interpolation with a frequency resolution as low as 1.22 × 10-4, as well as applying a fifth order model, for the latter. Discussion: Considering the lower complexity of FFT over PMUSIC, FFT should be considered as the appropriate technique to extract frequency-domain information from PRV signals.

Formulation of nanoemulsion carriers containing Pennyroyal (Mentha pulegium) and Gijavash (Froriepia subpinnata) essential oils for enriching Doogh (Iranian dairy drink).

Today, the increasing use of chemical preservatives in foods is considered one of the main problems in food industries. This study aimed to produce the pasteurised Doogh (Iranian yogurt drink) containing a nanoemulsion of essential oil (EO) with appropriate quality. A factorial test based on a completely randomised design with two treatments in three levels, including EO type (pennyroyal, Gijavash, and their equal combination) and a control sample was applied to assess the physicochemical and sensory properties of Doogh. The highest negative zeta potential and antioxidant activity percentage were observed in the sample containing the nanoemulsion of pennyroyal and enriched with a combination of two essential oils. The microbial evaluation results indicated that the total microorganism count was minimised in the Doogh containing the nanoemulsion of Gijavash. The nanoemulsions of pennyroyal and Gijavash can be added into Doogh formulation to produce a new product with maximum sensory acceptability.

Cognitive Emotion Regulation Questionnaire-Short: Reliability, Validity, and Measurement Invariance of the Italian Version.

The Cognitive Emotion Regulation Questionnaire (CERQ) is a widely used instrument to assess cognitive emotion regulation strategies. The study aimed to test the psychometric properties of the Italian short version of the CERQ (CERQ-IS). Two separate samples of 442 young adults (Mage = 21.12; SD = 3.69) and 256 adolescents (Mage = 14.81; SD = 0.59) completed the CERQ, the Emotional Regulation Questionnaire (ERQ) and the Multidimensional Perfectionism Scale (MPS). A confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) was performed to evaluate the dimensionality of the CERQ-IS. Internal consistency was analysed by calculating model-based composite reliability coefficients. Criterion and discriminant validity were gathered through the correlations with the ERQ and the MPS, respectively. Factorial invariances tests across gender and age were computed by means of multiple-group CFA. CFA confirmed the nine-factor structure showing an excellent fit to the data. Except for rumination which was minimally acceptable, all subscales had an acceptable to good reliability. Criterion validity was supported by significant correlations between CERQ-IS and ERQ subscales. Discriminant validity was confirmed by meaningless correlations with the MPS facets. Configural, metric and scalar invariance were established across both grouping variables. The brevity of this tool and its good psychometric properties suggest that CERQ-IS could be a useful screening tool in both clinical and research practice in adolescence and young adulthood.

Changes and machine learning-based prediction in quality characteristics of sliced Korean cabbage (Brassica rapa L. pekinensis) kimchi: Combined effect of nano-foamed structure film packaging and subcooled storage

The prevention of over-ripening during storage and distribution is crucial for commercial kimchi products with a short shelf life. This study evaluated the effects of nano-foamed structure (NFS) film packaging and subcooled storage on the characteristics and stability of sliced Korean cabbage (Brassica rapa L. pekinensis) kimchi (KCK). The experiments were performed as factorial tests based on completely randomized designs. Subcooled storage (−3 °C) delayed total lactic acid bacteria (TLAB) growth and suppressed the changes in pH, titratable acidity (TA), and reducing sugar content (RSC) of KCK compared to refrigerated storage (4 and 10 °C). The headspace CO2 concentrations in NFS-1 and NFS-2 film packaging were maintained at < 6.1% throughout the storage (36 d), irrespective of the storage conditions. These results indicate that NFS film suppresses CO2 accumulation wherein subcooled storage prevents the over-ripening of KCK. Furthermore, we combined machine learning (ML) algorithms with experimental results to predict the quality of KCK. The ML-based algorithms, random forest and extreme gradient boosting trees were more accurate in predicting TA, RSC, and TLAB counts than multivariable linear regression. The study demonstrates an improved packaging system and optimal storage conditions for KCK, which can be extended to other kimchi and fermented products.

A Method for Representing Non-Standard Waveform in Factory Tests Using Impulse Waveforms

The standard 1.2/50 lightning impulse test has been important for factory testing equipment and evaluating their performance in electrical systems. In practice, however, such equipment is subject to non-standard waveform (NSW) of high frequencies, which may not be covered by standard tests. To overcome this difficulty, the present article outlines a method that simulates NSW in laboratory tests. Based on multiresolution wavelet analysis, the method considers the correlation between amplitude and entropy in the decomposition levels between waveforms. To that end, changes are proposed to the following parameters of standard impulse tests: amplitude, cut-off instant, and front time. The results show that, mostly, the combination of a lightning impulse waveform (LIW) with impulse waves cut at different times, sufficiently represent the NSW. Only when the NSW's density falls predominantly in a frequency range above 3.125 MHz, will there be need for a complementary LIW with a steep front time. The method's application allows manufacturers and concessionaires to subject the equipment to conditions that properly represent the NSW effects, through lightning impulse tests carried out at the factory.

50 마력 유도기의 전동기 운전 및 발전기 운전시의 특성 분석

The induction machine can be operated with a motor or a generator before and after the synchronous speed. The induction machine uses the same equivalent circuit diagram for both the motor and the generator. Therefore, the value obtained through the factory test can be applied as a parameter of the same equivalent circuit diagram. The output of the induction motor corresponds to 100% operation of the load connected to the shaft at the rated rotation speed, but the output of the induction generator corresponds to the active power obtained through the stator by mechanical input to the shaft. Therefore, even with the same equivalent circuit, the efficiency may be different because the electric power is different when operating with a motor or a generator. BRIn this study, we analyzed the efficiency with input power by voltage and current and mechanical output by angular speed and torque when driving a motor with a 50㏋ induction machine, and also the efficiency of stator electrical output for mechanical input during generator operation also analyzed.

CRITICAL EQUIPMENT QUALIFICATION PARAMETERS AFFECTING THE HOMOGENIZATION PROCESS OF MEDICAL CANNABIS SEMI-SOLID PHARMACEUTICALS

The medical cannabis has been used for many of years for medicinal purpose, in different pharmaceuticalformulation, mostly as a magistral preparation for the relief of pain in cancer patients or chronical painful diseases.Over than 540 substances were found from which more than 100 that have been found to be cannabinoids due totheir similar chemical structure. The component with the most psychotropic action is Δ9 -tetrahydrocannabinol (Δ9 -THC), and the major non-psychoactive ingredient is cannabidiol (CBD). Δ9 -tetrahydrocannabinol firstly wasisolated in 1969 by Robert Mechoulm and Yechiel Gaoni. In 2003 World Health Organization put Δ9 -tetrahydrocannabinol in Schedule IV of the convention. Several therapeutic indications relate to the Δ9 -THC andCBD as analgesia, inflammatory and neurodegenerative diseases, and many other cases. In some studies, there arereported safety concerns about the registered side effects of Δ9 - THC as a psychoactive. For that reason, the legalusage of cannabis for medicinal purposes and for recreational use is regulated differently. The most relevantexplanation is related to the not enough sufficient results and data obtained from the pharmacokinetic studies andresearch in pharmacological behavior. Extracts of cannabis was used from many years ago. Nowadays inpharmaceutical industry as the development of technology there are many dosage forms in where extracts,cannabinoids, flower are used. Medicinal cannabis products can come in many different forms, including capsules,drops, chewable, creams, crystals, flower, lozenges, oil (most common), oro-mucosal sprays, tinctures and manymore. Also, there are synthetic analogs to nature cannabinoids in pharmaceutical market. In this study will bediscussed about production of semisolid pharmaceutical forms obtained from medical cannabis. They are producedin pharmaceutical grade equipment, high-pressure homogenizer mixer. In this study it will be discussed about theprocess of equipment qualification. Firstly, by the user requirement specification, design qualification protocol wasapproved. Then factory acceptance test was performed in production site of equipment and site acceptance test wasperformed in costumer’s site. Then installation qualification protocol was look through and then operationalqualification protocol also. All the qualification protocols were approved by both sides. In different qualificationprotocols, different tests were performed, and they are explained separately. During the qualification process, thereare considered some of the parameters which later during the production process can affect in the quality of finishedproducts. These parameters are called critical process parameters and accent will be put on this process parametersthat are with a critical effect on quality of the final products. This critical process parameters were considered andconcluded from qualification protocols where all the parameters that can affect quality of the product wereseparately examine.

Towards the sustainable fine control of microbially induced calcium carbonate precipitation

Microbially induced calcium carbonate precipitation (MICP) has been proposed as a potential solution to address many environmental and engineering issues. However, how to quantitatively and accurately control this novel biological cementation technology is still a major challenge. This study designed a factorial test, a verification test and an application test to provide theoretical basis for fine control of MICP. We have systematically monitored and analyzed the changes of proteins and polysaccharide, pH, electrical conductivity (EC), and zeta potential of the precipitation environment, and tracked the particle size distribution and microstructures of bio-cements from beginning to end. Based on the laboratory investigations, we discovered the particle size of the precipitations showed distinct features based on the analysis of physicochemical indicators, and a model for fine control of particle size of bio-cements was proposed. Further, the validation test was completed by “factory on a chip” technology. We successfully realized the production of pre designed particle sizes, the robustness of our model and the mechanism of particle formation were verified. Finally, we designed a three-stage cementation strategy for the application test of bio-cement bonded glass beads columns. The fine control cementation strategy has a higher utilization rate of raw materials and can provide twice the cementation strength compared with the reference test. The results show that our proposed model makes an important step forward in the direction of optimized application of bio-cements, which may be used as a process control standard to promote environment-friendly and sustainable MICP.

The Modified Yale Food Addiction Scale May Be Simplified and Diagnostically Improved: The Same Prevalence but Different Severity and Risk Factors of Food Addiction among Female and Male Students.

The Yale Food Addiction Scale (YFAS) is the most commonly used scale for measuring food addiction (FA). The previous approach to the YFAS and its subsequent versions assumed dichotomization of items, separating addiction symptoms and clinical significance items, and factorial validity testing on a subset of items. In this paper, we discuss the drawbacks associated with these procedures. In addition, we present a different analytical approach to investigate the validity of the modified YFAS (mYFAS) along with an alternative scoring method that overcomes limitations related to the previous approach. After establishing the structure of the mYFAS, we investigated the potential antecedents and consequences of FA separately for men and women. The sample consisted of 1182 Polish undergraduate students (613 women, 559 men, 10 missing values on gender) with a mean age of 20.33 years (SD = 1.68; range: 18–36). They were asked to complete self-report questionnaires measuring FA, personality traits (Big Five), self-esteem, narcissism, self-efficacy, social anxiety, loneliness, and well-being indicators. Due to the low content, factorial, and clinical validity, the first three items were excluded from the Polish version of the mYFAS. The six-item mYFAS demonstrated measurement invariance, allowing for meaningful comparisons between genders and yielded almost identical prevalence rates for men and women. The hierarchical multiple regression analysis showed that, narcissism, and social anxiety predicted FA in both genders, whereas important gender differences in antecedents were also noted. In addition, FA was associated with body mass index (BMI) and most of the well-being indicators, even after controlling for relevant variables. The findings suggest that our modified analytical approach allows researchers to measure FA using a valid, useful, and simple tool.

Start of the ITER Central Solenoid Assembly

The Central Solenoid (CS) is a key element of the ITER Magnet system, including six identical coils, called modules, assembled together to form a 4 m outer diameter, 13 m high solenoid. It is a superconducting magnet, using a 45 kA Nb <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">3</sub> Sn conductor internally cooled by circulation of supercritical helium at 4.5 K with a peak field up to 13 T. It is enclosed inside a structure providing vertical pre-compression and mechanical support. Procurement of the components and the special assembly tooling of the ITER CS is the responsibility of US ITER, the ITER Domestic Agency of the USA, while the ITER Organization (IO) will carry out the assembly of these components. US ITER has awarded several contracts since 2011 to supply seven modules, including a spare, structure components, and the special tooling required for the CS pre-assembly. All deliveries are organized with the objective to start the CS assembly at IO site by the end 2021. IO has organized special process training and is now starting first phases of the assembly mostly focused on on-site assembly contractor. The paper describes the CS module manufacturing and delivery status, reports the special process final development and training, and assembly status. In particular, the outcomes from first modules factory acceptance tests results will be reported as well as the development and training for special activities to start the first module stacking. The bus bar joint and pre-compression processes with their related tooling qualifications will be detailed.

The impact of an autonomy supportive versus a controlling coaching environment on surgical skill acquisition for novice trainees

Sports psychology literature often defines coaching environments in two ways: autonomy supportive (ASE) and controlling environment (CE). An ASE offers the trainee a degree of choice, positive reinforcement, and approachability. CE coaching provides prescriptive instructions with no choice, neglects positive reinforcement, and involves physical and/or vocal intimidation. The literature suggests that ASE conditions improve motor skills learning compared to controlling conditions; this has not been studied in surgical education. Medical students (n = 46) who were novices at laparoscopic surgical skills were randomly assigned to four groups based on the type of environment (ASE vs CE) and who initiated the feedback (trainee vs coach). Participants watched an instructional video in their coaching environment, performed a pre-test, underwent 80 min of coaching on the Fundamentals of Laparoscopic Surgery intra-corporeal suturing task, and then completed a post-test (PT). A resident and senior medical student served as coaches following ASE or CE coaching scripts. Time, errors, score, and amount of feedback for each practice trial were recorded. The coach was blinded to the score of each trial and the data were recorded by the assistant. A post-test survey was performed. Participants returned within a week to perform a retention test (RT). Results were analyzed with a 2 × 2 (environment x feedback controller) factorial ANOVA test. Post-test scores revealed a main effect of environment (p < 0.001). Similarly, on the retention test scores, a 2 × 2 factorial ANOVA revealed a main effect of environment (p = 0.002). Trainees in ASE conditions achieved significantly higher post-test and retention test scores. Neither the main effect of feedback controller nor the interaction between environment and feedback controller was significant. The ASE cohorts had higher positive affect scores (p = 0.009). Across all conditions, participants completed between 7 and 13 practice trials during the 80-min training session (mean = 8.8 ± 1.2). This 2 × 2 ANOVA revealed a significant main effect of feedback initiator (p = 0.008). Participants assigned to conditions in which the coach initiated the feedback performed significantly more trials than participants in the environments where they initiated feedback (9.3 ± 0.9 vs 8.5 ± 1.3). Neither the main effect of coaching environment nor the interaction between coaching environment and feedback initiator was significant. In novice trainees, an autonomy supportive coaching environment improves surgical skill acquisition and retention along with trainee-reported attitudes toward the learning environment when compared to a controlling coaching environment.