Subjective Factors Research Articles

Active frequency support capability evaluation of photovoltaic stations based on bi-level evaluation method

With the increasing penetration of photovoltaic (PV) in power grid, to cope with the deteriorating frequency security of the system, PV stations are required to participate in frequency regulation by grid codes. Knowing the active frequency support capability (AFSC) of PV stations is essential for strategy design of frequency response. Therefore, a comprehensive indicator system and an integrated evaluation method are proposed to evaluate the AFSC of PV stations. By considering several national standards, a comprehensive evaluation indicator system of AFSC for PV stations is established from three aspects: frequency stability, power support, and power regulation. In order to avoid the impact of subjective factors, this paper proposes a bi-level evaluation model combining decision-making trial and evaluation laboratory (DEMATEL), technique for order preference by similarity to ideal solution (TOPSIS), and antagonistic interpretive structural modeling (AISM) for weighting the indicators. Finally, case study was performed based on IEEE 39-bus test system integrated with PV station. The results show that the proposed indicator system and evaluation method can reflect the AFSC of PV stations effectively. The evaluation indicator system for the AFSC of PV stations is also developed into software to promote its application and implementation.

Nurses' Perspectives and Experiences of Using a Bed-Exit Information System in an Acute Hospital Setting: Mixed Methods Study.

Technology that detects early when a patient at risk of falling leaves the bed can support nurses in acute care hospitals. To develop a better understanding of nurses' perspectives and experiences with a bed-exit information system (BES) in an acute care hospital setting. BES was implemented on 3 wards of a university medical center. Nurses completed 2 online surveys at each time point (P0 and P1) and participated in focus groups before (P0) and after (P1) implementation. Additional patient data were collected. Descriptive statistics summarized the survey results, while content analysis was applied to focus group data. Patient rates and adverse events in both phases were compared using negative binomial models. Reporting of this study adhered to the GRAMMS checklist. A total of 30 questionnaires were completed at P0 (30/72, 42%) and 24 at P1 (24/71, 33%). Of the participants, 15 completed both questionnaires (complete cases). At P1, 64% (9/14) of participants agreed that their perceived workload and strain in caring for patients with cognitive impairment was reduced by the use of the BES. The adverse event rate per patient per day was reduced by a factor of 0.61 (95% CI 0.393-0.955; P=.03). In addition, 11 nurses participated in 4 focus groups before and after the intervention. Participants found it challenging to operationalize the use of the BES due to the heterogeneity of care settings, but certain behaviors of patients with cognitive impairment were recognized as indicating a need for intervention. Negative experiences included information overload and alarm fatigue, leading to occasional removal of the system. While BES provides some support in managing patients with cognitive impairment, its impact remains limited to specific scenarios and does not significantly reduce nurses' workload or strain. Our findings highlight the need to manage expectations of BES performance to ensure alignment between expected and actual benefits. To improve BES effectiveness and long-term implementation, future research should consider both objective measures of patient care and subjective factors such as nurse experience, structural conditions, and technical specifications. Improving information mechanisms within call systems could help reduce alarm fatigue and increase perceived usefulness. Overall, successful integration of BES in acute care settings will require close collaboration with nursing staff to drive meaningful healthcare innovation and ensure that the technology meets the needs of both patients and nurses. German Register for Clinical Studies DRKS00021720; https://drks.de/search/de/trial/DRKS00021720.

ShapeBand: Design of a Shape-Changing Wristband with Soft Materials and Physiological Sensors for Anxiety Regulation

We introduce ShapeBand, a new shape-changing wristband designed for exploring multisensory and interactive anxiety regulation with soft materials and physiological sensing. Our approach takes a core principle of self-help psychotherapeutic intervention, aiming to help users to recognize anxiety triggers and engage in regulation with attentional distraction. We conducted user-centered design activities to iteratively refine our design requirements and delve into users’ rich experiences, preferences, and feelings. With ShapeBand, we explored bidirectional and dynamic interaction flow in anxiety regulation and subjective factors influencing its use. Our findings suggest that integrating both active and passive modulations can significantly enhance user engagement for effective anxiety intervention. Further, different interactions, characterized by dynamic alterations in bubbles and water flow in the ShapeBand, can provide users with a gamified experience and convey more potent effects. This study provides valuable insights into the future design of tangible anxiety regulation interfaces that can be tailored to subjective feelings and individual needs.

Family members' experiences of surrogate decision-making in hospice care: A systematic review of qualitative studies.

Surrogate decision-makers play a key role in determining whether end-of-life patients receive hospice care. There is a need to better understand families' experiences of surrogate decision-making in hospice care for end-of-life patients to provide a basis for developing targeted interventions, such as decision support tools or counseling, to help family members navigate the decision-making process. The aim was to analyze and synthesize global qualitative data on family members' experiences of surrogate decision-making regarding whether to receive hospice care for end-of-life patients. This was a systematic review of qualitative studies. The PubMed, Web of Science, Cochrane Library, Embase, Cumulated Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature, Chinese Biomedical Literature Service System, China National Knowledge Infrastructure, WanFang and China Science and Technology Journal databases were searched from inception to September 2024. Studies related to family members making surrogate decisions about whether to receive hospice care for end-of-life patients were included. This review was guided by the Joanna Briggs Institute Manual for Systematic reviews of qualitative evidence. Two reviewers independently screened the studies and extracted the data. The eligible studies were assessed via the Joanna Briggs Institute critical appraisal instrument for qualitative research. Thematic synthesis was guided by the method developed by Thomas and Harden. A total of nine studies were included. The synthesis of qualitative data resulted in three themes: (1) Decision motivation between rationality and emotion. The reasons surrogate decision-makers considered hospice care for patients involved multiple aspects and were a result of both objective and subjective factors. (2) Decision preparation stemmed from knowledge and experience. A knowledge-based foundation and experiential grounding were needed to ensure that surrogate decision-makers make informed decision. (3) Decision reflection through looking back and forward. Surrogate decision-makers expressed satisfaction with the decision to choose hospice care for patients, coupled with serious consideration of personal future end-of-life decisions. Determining whether patients receive hospice care at end of life is complex for family members. This process begins with the coexistence of rational and emotional motives for decision-making, involves preparation for decision-making through the acquisition of knowledge and experience about hospice care, and culminates in reflection on the entire decision-making process. These findings underscore the importance of providing sufficient informational and emotional support to family decision-makers, which can improve decision-making and promote more compassionate end-of-life care. Future research should focus on developing effective strategies to strengthen these support systems. A protocol was registered on the PROSPERO (CRD42024526197).

Exploring the role of objective and subjective factors on car commuters’ mode change: An integrated choice and latent variable approach based on the theory of planned behavior

Exploring the role of objective and subjective factors on car commuters’ mode change: An integrated choice and latent variable approach based on the theory of planned behavior

Digital Diplomacy in Russian International Studies: Research Methods

In the last decade, digitalization has had an increasing impact on the world political processes and is turning into an integral element of international life. Diplomatic practice, given the growing importance of the digital diplomacy, is no exception. In this context, the need for continuous improvement of the methods of studying these processes and phenomena is all the more pressing. This paper examines the key methods used in Russian studies on digital diplomacy, and identifies their strengths and weaknesses. The first section of the article covers publications built on the discourse analysis of small texts on international policy or their excerpts. The author concludes that such an approach allows for a correct description of the communication strategies of various political players. However, it is more suitable for linguistic research, since it does not address the issues crucial for political scientists, namely those concerning the evaluation of the effectiveness of digital diplomacy tools. The second section considers the research works based on the content analysis. The author argues that although this method provides an opportunity to process a larger amount of data and to reduce the impact of subjective factors, it has its limitations, particularly, inability to take into account the visual component of publications and to place them within a wider information context. The third section focuses on the scholarly papers drawing on the most time-consuming and demanding method of Big Data (hashtags) processing. The author stresses that its application is fraught with a whole range of quite specific methodological and purely technical problems, in particular, screening out bots and other ways of traffic manipulation. Against this backdrop, the author advocates further improvement in the methods of studying digital diplomacy by fostering a culture of data analytics and making a more active use of developments from other disciplines (philology, sociology, cultural studies, etc.).

Relative Income and Wellbeing in Canada

This study examines the impact of relative income on wellbeing in Canada, drawing on data from the seventh round of the World Values Survey. The analysis distinguishes between emerging adults (ages 18-25) and mature adults (ages 26-45), evaluating the effects of relative income while controlling for various demographic, socioeconomic, and subjective factors. The covariates include age, low/middle education, and marital status, number of children, employment status, immigrant status, rural residence, religiosity, physical health, financial troubles, scepticism, and happiness levels. The findings indicate that relative income significantly influences wellbeing for both males and females, even after accounting for these factors. Gender-specific differentiations are seen, particularly in the influence of education, marital status, and employment. The interaction analysis shows that the effect of relative income on wellbeing is consistent across different age cohorts. These results highlight the importance of relative income as a key determinant of wellbeing and suggest that policies aimed at reducing income inequality could enhance overall life satisfaction across diverse demographic groups.

The mattering citizen: young adults with mental illness and complex needs’ experiences and perceived opportunities of social inclusion

The negative effects of social exclusion are well known, as are the effects of social inclusion on quality of life and well-being. Young adults with mental illness and complex needs are among the most marginalized people in the community. There is a pressing need to better define and promote social inclusion in mental health and substance use services, addressing both objective and subjective factors. The aim of this qualitative study was to examine the experiences and perceived opportunities of social inclusion among young adults with mental illness and complex needs. This was done to develop a comprehensive understanding of social inclusion that can be applied by providers in the fields of welfare, mental health, and substance use. Seven young adults (three males/four females, aged 22–29) were recruited through Flexible Assertive Community Treatment teams and participated in the study through qualitative semi-structured interviews. The material was analyzed employing an abductive thematic analysis. The findings show the interconnection between the elements of Citizenship and Mattering and underline the need for a framework including both the psychological and sociological perspectives. Developing the Citizenship framework and incorporating the Mattering approach is suggested as a multifaceted approach to promote social inclusion in practice, calling for further research on this.

Психологическое насилие и угрозы безопасности обучающихся в американских школах и способы минимизации этих угроз

<p style="text-align: justify;">The article presents an analysis of contemporary research on threats to psychological well-being in US high schools. A meta-analysis of publications presented to the professional community on the portal: ResearchGate was conducted. 100 articles related to the problem of security in the US educational system were analyzed; as a result, 20 publications related directly to threats to psychological well-being were identified. The research is aimed at various categories of the population: elementary, middle, and high school students, students, children and adolescents with disabilities, representatives of minorities, educators, and parents. The threats identified are 1) violence in any form, from armed to sexual, 2) racial problems, 3) problems with ensuring the rights of minorities and the need to organize effective interaction with them, 4) professional burnout of teachers. Subjective and objective factors of ensuring psychological well-being in American schools are also highlighted. Objective factors include the peculiarities of American legislation, the presence of structures that ensure the safety of the educational environment and juvenile justice. National Association of School Psychologists. Subjective factors include the peculiarities of the country’s culture, in particular, the orientation toward individualism characteristic of the American mentality. Ways to minimize these threats to the psychological well-being of students include the involvement of social workers and the active involvement of parents in ensuring psychological safety at school. A three-dimensional conceptual model for improving the safety of an educational institution's environment is described and analyzed. Aspects of the model include physical, procedural, and psychological reinforcement.</p>

CNEV: A corpus of Chinese nonverbal emotional vocalizations with a database of emotion category, valence, arousal, and gender.

Nonverbal emotional vocalizations play a crucial role in conveying emotions during human interactions. Validated corpora of these vocalizations have facilitated emotion-related research and found wide-ranging applications. However, existing corpora have lacked representation from diverse cultural backgrounds, which may limit the generalizability of the resulting theories. The present paper introduces the Chinese Nonverbal Emotional Vocalization (CNEV) corpus, the first nonverbal emotional vocalization corpus recorded and validated entirely by Mandarin speakers from China. The CNEV corpus contains 2415 vocalizations across five emotion categories: happiness, sadness, fear, anger, and neutrality. It also includes a database containing subjective evaluation data on emotion category, valence, arousal, and speaker gender, as well as the acoustic features of the vocalizations. Key conclusions drawn from statistical analyses of perceptual evaluations and acoustic analysis include the following: (1) the CNEV corpus exhibits adequate reliability and high validity; (2) perceptual evaluations reveal a tendency for individuals to associate anger with male voices and fear with female voices; (3) acoustic analysis indicates that males are more effective at expressing anger, while females excel in expressing fear; and (4) the observed perceptual patterns align with the acoustic analysis results, suggesting that the perceptual differences may stem not only from the subjective factors of perceivers but also from objective expressive differences in the vocalizations themselves. For academic research purposes, the CNEV corpus and database are freely available for download at https://osf.io/6gy4v/ .

Unlocking Rural Live-Kidney Donation Through Insights From a Decade-Long Analysis at a Single Center in the Northern Great Plains.

Data on barriers to live-kidney donation in the rural United States is limited despite its widespread adoption across the country. A retrospective review of 1776 self-referrals for live-kidney donation between June 1, 2012, and May 31, 2022, was conducted. Multivariate analyses evaluated independent factors which may have potentially influenced donation at different stages in its process. Of the 1776 self-referrals, 398 (22.4%) individuals underwent evaluation and 121 (6.8%) of those became live-kidney donors. Middle-aged people (average age = 43 years), Whites (91.7%), and women (70.2%) were the most likely to donate. One thousand, one hundred, eighteen individuals (63.0%) dropped out after completing the intake form and the primary reasons included lost to follow-up (32.1%) and donor retraction (24.6%). Concerns related to personal health and compatibility were the predominant subjective factors for retraction. Following in-person evaluation, the most common reasons were medical comorbidities (34.9%) and inoperable renal anatomy (26.5%). Of the 1655 people that did not donate, 178 (10.8%) individuals discovered a new diagnosis during their evaluation process. Only a fraction of those who begin the process proceed to donate a kidney, and most withdraw voluntarily before reaching the in-person evaluation phase. Focused approaches aimed at concerns regarding personal health and donor-recipient compatibility in otherwise healthy, motivated candidates in the early phases of donation hold potential for improving retention rates and subsequent donations.

Characteristics of persons who commit criminal offences against road safety and operation of vehicle transport

Road transport plays a key role in the life of society. However, this type of transport is also a source of increased danger, which is associated with carelessness in its use, which in turn necessitates the search for ways to ensure road safety. It has been found that effective crime prevention is possible only when the emphasis is placed on the individual criminal, since it is he who is the source of the reasons that lead to the commission of criminal offenses against road safety. The article examines the relationship between criminal behavior and consequences, in which the mechanism of criminal behavior is identified, which is a subjective factor in the perception of the road situation by the guilty person and the victim. Even with the same objective basis, there is almost always a difference in the subjective perception of the objective components of the situation. Such differences are often the most important moments in the mechanism of criminal behavior, the source of their conflicting, dangerous nature. The characteristics of persons who commit criminal offenses against road safety and the operation of motor vehicles are given. The study of the personality of a criminal in criminology has always played an important role, since it is the basis for identifying the patterns of formation of criminal behavior, its determination and development of appropriate preventive measures. The personality of a criminal in the context of road safety violations is of particular interest due to the specifics of the essence and mechanism of committing such offenses. In particular, a person who commits criminal offenses should be understood as a criminological set of signs and properties that are manifested in the mechanism of his criminal behavior. It is noted that in criminology several components are distinguished that form the criminological structure of the personality of a criminal: socio-demographic, moral-psychological and criminal-legal characteristics. The relationship between criminal behavior and its consequences has been studied, within which the mechanism of criminal behavior has been identified as a subjective factor in the perception of the road situation by both the guilty person and the victim. Even under the same objective conditions, there is usually a discrepancy in the subjective perception of the objective components of the situation. These discrepancies are often key aspects of the mechanism of criminal behavior, which become the source of their conflict and dangerous nature.

The Relationship Between the Neighbourhood Environment and Mental Health: Integrating Subjective and Objective Perspectives.

To explore the relationship between neighbourhood environments and mental health by integrating subjective and objective perspectives. A cross-sectional study. From September 2023 to January 2024, adult residents at the physical examination centers of two public hospitals in China completed measurements of subjective neighbourhood environment, depressive and anxiety symptoms, psychological stress, and socio-demographic characteristics. Geographic information systems (GIS) were employed to extract objective environmental data including parks, bus stops, sports facilities, leisure facilities, residential housing, restaurants, food retail facilities, and street connectivity within a buffer zone of 500-m radius of the participants' residential areas. Data were analysed using univariate and multiple logistic regression analyses. This study included 438 participants (mean age, 36.98 ± 11.05 years; 55.3% female). The mean scores for depression, anxiety, and psychological stress were 3.55 ± 2.99, 3.16 ± 2.91, and 13.11 ± 4.88, respectively. The total score of the subjective neighbourhood environment was 78.33 ± 10.63, with the mean scores of each dimension ranging from 5.14 to 23.76. After adjusting for potential confounders, higher scores on street environment and higher density of sports facility were statistically significantly associated with reduced risk of depressive symptoms and psychological stress. Additionally, higher scores on walking environment and social cohesion were significantly associated with reduced risk of anxiety symptoms. This study found that street environments, walking environments, social cohesion, and density of sports facilities were independently associated with the mental health of adult residents in China. The findings provide valuable insights for healthcare providers to consider specific health-related environmental factors and develop tailored interventions to promote the mental health of the residents. Understanding the relationship between the subjective and objective environmental factors on mental health is crucial for developing effective intervention strategies, preventing psychological issues, enhancing the quality of care, and advancing public health policies and research. The study was reported following the strengthening of the reporting of observational studies in epidemiology (STROBE) guidelines. No patient or public contribution.

Q-Learning-Driven Butterfly Optimization Algorithm for Green Vehicle Routing Problem Considering Customer Preference.

This paper proposes a Q-learning-driven butterfly optimization algorithm (QLBOA) by integrating the Q-learning mechanism of reinforcement learning into the butterfly optimization algorithm (BOA). In order to improve the overall optimization ability of the algorithm, enhance the optimization accuracy, and prevent the algorithm from falling into a local optimum, the Gaussian mutation mechanism with dynamic variance was introduced, and the migration mutation mechanism was also used to enhance the population diversity of the algorithm. Eighteen benchmark functions were used to compare the proposed method with five classical metaheuristic algorithms and three BOA variable optimization methods. The QLBOA was used to solve the green vehicle routing problem with time windows considering customer preferences. The influence of decision makers' subjective preferences and weight factors on fuel consumption, carbon emissions, penalty cost, and total cost are analyzed. Compared with three classical optimization algorithms, the experimental results show that the proposed QLBOA has a generally superior performance.

The employment of recommended root canal treatment procedures by dentists in Croatia and the Czech Republic.

This study aimed to evaluate the compliance of dentists in Croatia and the Czech Republic with endodontic recommendations and identify the subjective and objective factors influencing their adherence to them. A total of 1386 dentists from Croatia and the Czech Republic participated in an online survey through a self-administered, author-designed questionnaire. After excluding those who did not perform root canal treatments (RCT), 1376 responses (394 from Croatia and 982 from the Czech Republic) were statistically analysed. The median age of respondents was 40 years, with a higher proportion of females in both countries. Croatian dentists treated fewer patients weekly but performed more RCTs and placed more composite fillings than their Czech counterparts. Czech dentists more frequently employed magnification devices, rubber dam (RD), pre-endodontic build-ups, nickel-titanium (NiTi) instruments, irrigant activation, bioceramic sealers, indirect post-endodontic restoration of lateral teeth, and single-visit treatments. These practices were also more common among endodontists than general dental practitioners and other specialists in both countries. Croatian dentists adhered more consistently to the recommended irrigation protocol. In the Czech group, adherence to recommended procedures, such as magnification, RD usage, and irrigation protocol correlated with younger age, smaller weekly number of patients, and preference for treating patients in the supine position. No such correlations were observed among the Croatian dentists. Despite notable improvements in recent years, dentists still do not fully comply with the recommended RCT working procedures in Croatia and the Czech Republic.

Legal basis for the use of digital technologies in the land policy of Ukraine

The state and prospects of legal regulation of the use of digital technologies, which is an instrument of state land policy and an important component of the legal mechanism for the realization of land rights, are investigated in this article. The author emphasizes that the digitalization of land relations is defined as a strategic state priority in a number of programmatic acts. It has gained considerable momentum, which, in turn, affects the determination of the main directions of the state land policy. At the same time, it is stated that although the recognition of digitalization as a principle of the state land policy has not been implemented at the legislative level, the defining provisions for the digitalization of certain functions have been enshrined in law. The active introduction of digital services is the result of the land reform in Ukraine. It is indicated that in forming the legal framework for digitalization of land relations, the need to use digital technologies to create conditions for general availability of information on the status of land is crucial. The author emphasizes the positive impact of digitalization of land relations on reducing the dependence of the exercise of land rights on personal (subjective) factors, as well as on increasing the efficiency of land condition assessment. The author analyzes the legal norms that form the basis for digitalization of land records and monitoring. Among the instruments of the State land policy, special attention is paid to the digitalization of the administrative procedure in the field of land relations. An important strategic goal of the state land policy of Ukraine is to create equal conditions of access to the land market for all land users, increase the productivity of land use provided that it is used rationally and sustainably, and establish transparent, clear and, most importantly, effective land management. The ways to do this are to increase transparency of land use and access to information, improve the existing system of information support and control over the state of land resources, and widely introduce new information technologies.

Machine learning based models for predicting presentation delay risk among gastric cancer patients.

Presentation delay of cancer patients prevents the patient from timely diagnosis and treatment leading to poor prognosis. Predicting the risk of presentation delay is crucial to improve the treatment outcomes. This study aimed to develop and validate prediction models of presentation delay risk in gastric cancer patients by using various machine learning models. 875 cases of gastric cancer patients admitted to a tertiary oncology hospital from July 2023 to June 2024 were used as derivation cohort, 200 cases of gastric cancer patients admitted to other 4 tertiary hospital were used as external validation cohort. After collecting the data, statistical analysis was performed to identify discriminative variables for the prediction of presentation delay and 13 statistically significant variables are selected to develop machine learning models. The derivation cohort was randomly assigned to the training and internal validation set by the ratio of 7:3. Prediction models were developed based on six machine learning algorithms, which are logistic regression (LR), support vector machine (SVM), random forest (RF), gradient boosted trees (GBDT), extremely gradient boosting (XGBoost) and muti-layer perceptron (MLP). The discrimination and calibration of each model were assessed based on various metrics including accuracy, sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value (PPV), negative predictive value (NPV), F1-Score and area under curve (AUC), calibration curves and Brier scores. The best model was selected based on comparing of various metrics. Based on the selected best model, the impact of features to the prediction result was analyzed with the permutation feature importance method. The incidence of presentation delay for gastric cancer patients was 39.3%. The developed models achieved performance metrics as AUC (0.893-0.925), accuracy (0.817-0.847), sensitivity (0.857-0.905), specificity (0.783-0.854), PPV (0.728-0.798), NPV (0.897-0.927), F1 score (0.791-0.826) and Brier score (0.107-0.138) in internal validation set, which indicated good discrimination and calibration for the prediction of presentation delay in gastric cancer patients. Among all models, RF based model was selected as the best one as it achieved good discrimination and calibration performance on both of internal and external validation set. Feature ranking results indicated that both of subjective and objective factors have significant impact on the occurrence of presentation delay in gastric cancer patients. This study demonstrated that the RF based model has favorable performance for the prediction of presentation delay in gastric cancer patients. It can help medical staffs to screen out high-risk gastric cancer patients for presentation delay, and to take appropriate and specific interventions to reduce the risk of presentation delay.

Evolutionary Game Analysis of Complex Networks in Enterprise Green Technology Innovation From a Prospect Theory Perspective

ABSTRACTGreen technological innovation in enterprises is a key driving force for achieving sustainable development and industrial transformation. However, how enterprises formulate effective innovation strategies by integrating subjective factors with objective market conditions within complex industrial networks remains an area requiring further exploration. This study aims to construct a complex network evolution model based on prospect theory and examines how subjective factors, such as reference points, risk preferences, and loss aversion, influence the adoption of green technology innovation in different network environments. It further explores how network characteristics, including topology, size, and node degree, affect the diffusion of innovation. Numerical analysis results indicate that in scale‐free networks, lowering reference points for enterprise gains, reducing loss aversion, increasing risk preference, expanding network size, and raising average node degree generally promote higher adoption of green technology innovation. In small‐world networks, the dependence on reference points is relatively lower, risk preference and average node degree demonstrate more complex impacts. Additionally, a moderate rewiring probability can enhance green technology innovation adoption in small‐world networks. These findings provide new insights and practical implications for understanding the driving mechanisms of green technological innovation in enterprises. They further emphasize the importance of government interventions tailored to the specific characteristics of industrial networks to effectively facilitate the diffusion of green technological innovation.

Формирование гуманитарного мышления у будущих инженеров-строителей в процессе изучения общеинженерных дисциплин

In modern conditions of the need to increase the prestige of an engineer and build innovative engineering in our country, there is a great demand for a professional with humanitarian thinking. Such thinking allows solving engineering problems taking into account the value-semantic component and subjective factors. As the analysis of the existing system of training future engineers shows, the task of forming humanitarian thinking in students is not actually set, and the humanitarization of engineering education is correlated either with an increase in the share of humanitarian disciplines, or with forms of the educational process that involve training some universal skills. The problem of the research is to identify, from the standpoint of the methodology of the humanitarian-anthropological and metacognitive approaches, the features of the formation of humanitarian thinking in future civil engineers. In the context of this methodology and based on the analysis of scientific literature devoted to the phenomena of humanitarianism, humanitarian knowledge, thinking and humanitarian thinking, the concepts of "humanitarian thinking" and "humanitarian engineering thinking" are clarified. The novelty of the study is that the experience of humanitarian thinking is revealed in conjunction with the metacognition of the individual and is substantiated as a humanitarian component of the content of engineering education. The conditions for the formation of humanitarian thinking in future civil engineers in the process of studying general engineering disciplines are identified. Such conditions are associated with: the inclusion of dialogic situations in the educational process, the basis of which are metacognitive cues; metaphorization of the material of academic subjects in the course of cognitive activity; the implementation of textual-dialogical technology in classes as the leading pedagogical means of forming the quality under study and a way of actualizing the position of the subject of thinking in students. The article presents the data of a diagnostic survey devoted to identifying the level of humanitarian thinking in 185 students of different courses of the engineering and technology faculty of Kalmyk State University. The results of a formative experiment are presented, which confirmed the provisions of the research hypothesis concerning the change in the qualitative attitude to the profession among students in connection with the experience of humanitarian thinking and the dependence of the level of such thinking on the skills of metacognitive cognition.

Особенности развития навыков антиманипулятивного поведения у сотрудников уголовно-исполнительной системы

The article examines the subjective factors of psychological readiness of employees of the penal system to resist manipulation. The results of an empirical study of the assertiveness of of the penal systems employees at the stage of university training and during their professional activities are presented. The psychological features of the Self-concept of employees of the penal enforcement system are shown. The study involved 75 employees of the penal correction system who study under higher education programs at the Academy of the Federal Penitentiary Service of Russia at the Faculties of Law, Economics, and Psychology and Probation, and 70 employees of the Federal Penitentiary Institution «Correctional colony No. 2» of the Federal Penitentiary Service of Russia in the Ryazan region, who carry out their professional activities in the security department, at the center for labor adaptation of convicts, in the department of educational work with convicts. The psychodiagnostic tools selected for the study make it possible to measure and analyze those personal qualities of the respondents that ensure their psychological readiness to resist manipulation by convicts. The study used the test questionnaire "Assertiveness Research" (modified by V. Kaponi, T.Novak) and the questionnaire "Self-assessment research using the Demo-Rubinstein method" (modified by A.M.Parishioners). The directions of psychological support for the process of developing anti-manipulative behavior skills are substantiated: expanding the zone of awareness regarding one's own values and beliefs, emotions and feelings; developing emotional intelligence, the ability to manage one's emotions; developing critical thinking; strengthening self-esteem, developing internal pillars of employees.