Factors Of Spreading Research Articles

The burden of thalassemia disorder: Past and present: The feedback of patients experience in the COVID-19 pandemic crisis

Abstract: Thalassemia is a genetic blood condition and one of the emerging global public health concerns in the world, with an estimated prevalence of 300,000,000 . The genes controlling hemoglobin production are affected, leading to an anemia of variable severity. Carriers of this hereditary anemia are found globally, but a high frequency is observed around the Mediterranean basin, in the Middle East, in the Indian subcontinent, and in Southeast Asia, so called the thalassemia belt. This article aims to review the history and factors of spreading of thalassemia, to identify the burden of the disease on individuals, population, and public health, and the issues that thalassemia patients have experienced during the pandemic of COVID-19. Online literature and previous studies on the disease are used to prepare this article. We identified various factors that have contributed to the spread of thalassemia in the last decades and affected the health condition of individuals and population. The recent worldwide pandemic of COVID-19 worsened the situation and made it more complicated for most patients, especially in the emerging countries.

Advancing virus-induced gene silencing in sunflower: key factors of VIGS spreading and a novel simple protocol

Virus-Induced Gene Silencing (VIGS) is a versatile tool in plant science, yet its application to non-model species like sunflower demands extensive optimization due to transformation challenges. In this study, we aimed to elucidate the factors that significantly affect the efficiency of Agrobacterium-VIGS in sunflowers. After testing a number of approaches, we concluded that the seed vacuum technique followed by 6 h of co-cultivation produced the most efficient VIGS results. Genotype-dependency analysis revealed varying infection percentages (62–91%) and silencing symptom spreading in different sunflower genotypes. Additionally, we explored the mobility of tobacco rattle virus (TRV) and phenotypic silencing manifestation (photo-bleaching) across different tissues and regions of VIGS-infected sunflower plants. We showed the presence of TRV is not necessarily limited to tissues with observable silencing events. Finally, time-lapse observation demonstrated a more active spreading of the photo-bleached spots in young tissues compared to mature ones. This study not only offers a robust VIGS protocol for sunflowers but also provides valuable insights into genotype-dependent responses and the dynamic nature of silencing events, shedding light on TRV mobility across different plant tissues.

Traffic-driven epidemic spreading in community networks

The development of complex network theory provides new perspectives and ideas for studying the spreading of computer viruses and epidemics. Many real networks have community attributes, and research shows that the traffic flow on the network is closely related to the propagation of the virus. Therefore, we mainly analyze the traffic-driven epidemic spreading dynamics in community networks, reveals the rules and influencing factors of epidemic spreading, and provides reference for the immunization strategy. The results show that under a certain network size, the increase of the number of communities, the increase of the average degree within the community and the increase of the connection probability between the communities will lead to the community structure of the network becoming less obvious, thus promoting the spreading of the epidemic.

О возможности использования катионных поверхностно-активных веществ для придания текстильным материалам антимикробных свойств

The COVID-19 pandemic has demonstrated the need for improved measures to prevent infectious diseases. Combating pathogens once they have been released into the environment is complicated by their widespread distribution. It is necessary to prevent the contamination of environmental objects. One possible way to do this is to create materials that have antimicrobial action without exposure to disinfectants and thus begin to have an antimicrobial effect on microorganisms immediately upon contact. Textile materials are widely used in medical organizations and are one of the factors of pathogenic microflora spreading. In this work, the possibility of using substances from the group of cationic surfactants to impart antimicrobial properties to textile materials was considered. Substances from different classes were used – tertiary amines, quaternary ammonium compounds, polymeric guanidine derivatives. The substances were applied from aqueous solutions using a laboratory analogue of a drying and a shirring machine. An acrylate binder with thermal initiation of polymerization was used to fix the active substances to the tissues. The content of the active substances in the tissues after application was determined by high-performance liquid chromatography. Antimicrobial activity of the obtained materials was checked by the agar plate method and the area of the growth retardation zone was estimated. Tissues containing N,N-bis(3-aminopropyl)dodecylamine showed the highest activity, tissues with poly (2-hydroxypropyl dimethylammonium) chloride the lowest. Keywords: antimicrobial materials, antimicrobial textile, HAI, cationic surfactants.

Technological transformation of debt securities markets and its effects

Subject. This article examines the impact of electronification on the economy and business model of broker-dealer companies and the structure of the debt securities market. Objectives. Based on the analysis of the process of electronification of debt securities markets observed over the past 20 years, the article aims to identify the effects of the consequences of this process in relation to the key players of these markets, as well as assess what trends and factors influence the markets’ structure change. Methods. For the study, I used elements of the systems approach, comparative intermarket analysis, and the impact analysis of the technological component of economic development at the micro level. Results. The article reveals the main features of the electronification of the debt securities market and the factors of electronic trading spreading in the sector of fixed income instruments, as well as it identifies threats related to the change in the structure of the analyzed market, consisting in the growth of the proportion and impact of high-frequency trading. Relevance. The results can be used by the Bank of Russia in strategizing the debt securities market’s development to ensure technological leadership.

People with High Perceived Infectability Are More Likely to Spread Rumors in the Context of COVID-19: A Behavioral Immune System Perspective.

Since the outbreak of COVID-19, many studies have explored the influencing factors of rumor spreading, such as anxiety, risk perception and information source credibility, but few studies have focused on the impact of individual differences. Based on the theory of behavioral immune systems, we investigated the impact of perceived infectability on rumor spreading and the mediating role of rumor trust in the context of COVID-19. Two studies were investigated using the scale and recall-report task of rumor spreading. The results show that perceived infectability was a significant positive predictor of rumor spreading. However, the impact of perceived infectability on rumor spreading was not direct, and it mainly indirectly affected rumor spreading through the mediating role of rumor trust. Overall, the findings suggest that individuals with high perceived infectability are more likely to believe rumors and then spread rumors during the epidemic. This study advances the literature on rumor spreading and behavioral immune systems and provides practical implications to anti-rumor campaigns.

Cinema and Television as Factors of Rave Culture Spreading in Ukraine

The purpose of the research is to investigate and analyze the main stages of the club techno culture formation in Ukraine in the context of Ukrainian audiovisual art development. The realization of this goal involves solving the following tasks: to determine the role played by cinema, television, and modern media in the growth of techno music popularity; to prove the importance of electronic music in the context of the modern Ukrainian techno culture formation; to learn about the role of club life in shaping the image of a modern country. The research methodology consists in the application of the general scientific principle of objectivity, cultural, structural-functional, and analytical methods in the analysis of theoretical works of art, the subject field of which concerns the formation of club techno-culture in Ukraine in the context of Ukrainian audiovisual art development. Scientific novelty. The article analyzes the influence of cinema, television, and modern media on the spread of club culture in Ukraine, and systemizes the information obtained from periodicals and scientific domestic and foreign literature. The study can become a springboard for the development of topics in Ukrainian film studies and media theory. Conclusions. The article has analyzed the main factors influencing the spread of rave, indicates the stages of Ukrainian club life development; has identified the main factors and socio-political vectors that influenced the spread of club subculture, and has outlined the role of club life as a socio-cultural factor influencing the formation of domestic techno-culture). The development of music festival culture in Ukraine has been outlined as a way of joining the world culture, a stage of entering civilizational achievements, and an opportunity to express oneself in the world and in history.

Freezing propagation of condensate droplets at early stage of frosting on vertical hydrophobic surface

As condensate droplets formed at the early stage of frosting are the foundation of frost layer growth, to study the freezing propagation of condensate droplets is of great significance to understand the frosting process. In this paper, the influencing factors of lateral spreading of frost crystals and freezing propagation modes of condensation droplets were discussed by visualization experiments, and the propagation mechanism was revealed combined with theoretical analysis. It is observed that condensate droplets relies on the lateral spreading of frost crystals to realize the freezing propagation and frost crystals diffuse to the center of the cold surface with the help of freezing droplets. The lateral spreading of frost crystals is the key to achieve freezing propagation of condensate droplets, which is accompanied by the evaporation of droplets with small size. The freezing propagation of condensate droplets is affected by the lateral spreading rate of frost crystals and the droplet spacing. Increasing the contact angle of the cold surface reduces the freezing propagation rate and delay frost formation. Interestingly, two freezing propagation modes, “contact-freeze” and “absorption-freeze”, are observed when the frost crystals contact the subcooled droplets. Increasing the surface contact angle or reducing the contact angle hysteresis can increase the frequency of the “absorption-freeze” mode, which helps to reduce the freezing propagation rate of condensate droplets.

An ICDRI rumor propagation model based on the individual discrepancy theory in social networks

Rumors can bring about a seriously negative impact on all respects of society in this information era. More targeted control strategies can be acquired through the research of rumor propagation. When receiving rumors, individuals may keep imperturbable according to their rationality or bygone experience, and then choose not to propagate rumors provisionally. Oppositely, others may ask people around them about the realness of rumors due to bewilderment, which may further lead to the propagation of rumors. Therefore, an Ignorant–Conservative–Disseminator–Restorer–Ignorant (ICDRI) rumor dissemination model is proposed, which comprehensively considers users’ various probable actions under rumor and anti-rumor information. Furthermore, new links are added among nodes in accordance with the individual discrepancy theory and the influencing factors of rumor spreading including negation factor, authority factor, exhaustion factor, etc. According to the calculated basic regeneration number, simulation analysis and model comparison, the steady state and superiority of the ICDRI model is proved. Finally, strategies to control the spread of rumors are obtained through the sensitivity analysis of parameters. The simulation results demonstrate that the ICDRI model can more realistically reflect the dissemination of rumors, and the official rumor refutation or circular can efficaciously curb the spreading of rumors.

Risk factors of extraneural spreading in astrocytomas and oligodendrogliomas in donors with gliomas: A systematic review.

BACKGROUNDPatients with a history of primary brain tumors can be eligible for organ donation under extended criteria. The risk assessment of tumor transmission via organ transplant in primary brain tumors is primarily based on the assessment of tumor histotype and grade. Previous surgeries, chemo-/radiotherapy, and ventriculo-peritoneal shunt placement can lead to a disruption of the blood-brain barrier, concurring to an increase in the transmission risk.AIMTo investigate the role of tumor transmission risk factors in donors with oligodendrogliomas and astrocytomas.METHODSWe searched PubMed and EMBASE databases for studies reporting extraneural spreading of oligodendrogliomas and astrocytomas and extracted clinical-pathological data on the primary tumor histotype and grade, the elapsed time from the diagnosis to the onset of metastases, sites and number of metastases, prior surgeries, prior radiotherapy and/or chemotherapy, ventriculo-atrial or ventriculo-peritoneal shunt placement, and the presence of isocitrate dehydrogenase 1/2 mutation and 1p/19q codeletion. Statistical analysis was performed using R software. Statistical correlation between chemotherapy or radiotherapy and the presence of multiple extra-central nervous system metastases was analyzed using χ2 and Fischer exact test. The Kaplan-Meier method was used to evaluate the presence of a correlation between the metastasis-free time and: (1) Localization of metastases; (2) The occurrence of intracranial recurrences; and (3) The occurrence of multiple metastases.RESULTSData on a total of 157 patients were retrieved. The time from the initial diagnosis to metastatic spread ranged from 0 to 325 mo in patients with oligodendrogliomas and 0 to 267 mo in those with astrocytomas. Respectively, 19% and 39% of patients with oligodendroglioma and astrocytoma did not receive any adjuvant therapy. The most frequent metastatic sites were bone, bone marrow, and lymph nodes. The lungs and the liver were the most commonly involved visceral sites. There was no significant correlation between the occurrence of multiple metastases and the administration of adjuvant chemo-/radiotherapy. Patients who developed intracranial recurrences/metastases had a significantly longer extraneural metastasis-free time compared to those who developed extraneural metastases in the absence of any intra- central nervous system spread.CONCLUSIONA long follow-up time does not exclude the presence of extraneural metastases. Therefore, targeted imaging of bones and cervical lymph nodes may improve safety in the management of these donors.

Main Factors Influencing the Platelet Spreading

To explore the main factors of platelet spreading and provide the foundation for related research. Platelets (2×107/ml) were draw from C57BL/6J mouse and kept at 22 ℃ for 1-2 hours. Platelets (2×107/ml) were were allowed to adhere and spread on the fibrinogen-coated slides, after staining F-actin in platelets, the platelets were observed with the confocal microscopy. The effects of different concentrations of fibrinogen (10 μg/ml, 30 μg/ml, 100 μg/ml) and kinds of agonists ［thrombin(0.01,0.05,0.1 U/ml), ADP（5,10,20 μmol/L）, U46619（0.125,0.25,0.5 μmol/L）］ on platelets were analyzed. The platelet spreading was successful if the spreading rate was higher after treated with agonists. Compared to the group which coated with 10 μg/ml and 100 μg/ml fibrinogen, the platelet density is optimal when coated with 30 μg/ml fibrinogen. In addition, under the stimulation of thrombin, ADP and U46619, the spreading rate of platelets showed a certain concentration-dependent increasing. The platelet spreading is easily influenced by various factors, the platelet spreading can be induced successfully at 0.1 U/ml thrombin, 20 μmol/L ADP and 0.5 μmol/L U46619 on the slide coated with 30 μg/ml fibrinogen.

A Predictive Reaction-diffusion Based Model of E.coli Colony Growth Control.

Bacterial colony formations exhibit diverse morphologies and dynamics. A mechanistic understanding of this process has broad implications to ecology and medicine. However, many control factors and their impacts on colony formation remain underexplored. Here we propose a reaction-diffusion based dynamic model to quantitatively describe cell division and colony expansion, where control factors of colony spreading take the form of nonlinear density-dependent function and the intercellular impacts take the form of density-dependent hill function. We validate the model using experimental E. coli colony growth data and our results show that the model is capable of predicting the whole colony expansion process in both time and space under different conditions. Furthermore, the nonlinear control factors can predict colony morphology at both center and edge of the colony.

Influencing factors of COVID-19 spreading: a case study of Thailand.

AimA novel corona virus disease 2019 (COVID-19) was declared as pandemic by WHO as global level and local levels in many countries. The movement of people might be one influencing factor, this paper aims to report the situation COVID-19 and spreading in Thailand, including influencing factors of spreading and control.Subject and methodInfected, confirmed COVID-19 data were obtained from the official website of the Department of Disease Control, Ministry of Public Health. Tourist data was downloaded from Ministry of Tourism and Sports. Researchers analyzed the situation from the first found case in Thailand until 15 April 2020 with the timeline of important influencing factors. Correlation coefficients of tourist data and infected case was calculated by person correlation coefficient.ResultsThe number of infected cases was significant associated (correlation coefficient > 0.7) with economic factor, namely; number of visitors, generated income from both Thai and foreigner tourist (p value <0.01). The influencing factors of slow increased rate were the enforcement and implementation of both central and local government regulation, the strength of the Thai health care system, the culture and social relation, the partnership among various governmental and private sectors.ConclusionWe found that the number of tourist and their activities were significant associated with number of infected, confirmed COVID-19 cases. The public education and social supporting were the key roles for regulation enforcement and implementation.

Social factors of spreading of tobacco smoking among college students

The objective of an empirical study of the social factors of spreading of smoking among college students was to identify the influence of the social environment and lifestyle on the formation of addiction. In our study, we relied on the concept of a value-social model of health. The materials of the study, which included a student survey (n = 495, proportional selection by gender, age, year of study) and a standardized interview with youth professionals (n = 21), analyzed the main motives for smoking youth, attitudes towards a healthy lifestyle, attitude towards smoking peers. A comparative analysis of the data was carried out in subgroups of smoking and non-smoking students. The results of the study showed the lack of formation of negative attitudes to smoking in the vast majority of students. According to 25% of smoking students and 39% of non-smoking students, smoking is one of the tools of communication and integration in the new team. 45.6% of all respondents cited group exposure and conformal behavior as reasons for starting smoking. The results on assessing attitude to smoking from the perspective of fashion and social recognition turned out to be unexpected: the number of non-smoking students who think that smoking is fashionable is 17 times exceeds the number of smokers who share these beliefs. A comparison of the data indicates a probable reason for this distribution of answers: in everyday life, smokers are faced with various legislative restrictions and social censure, while their non-smoking peers focus on the socio-communicative and recreational effects of this habit. Students demonstrated a high level of awareness of the negative effects of smoking. One fifth of students (20.9% non-smokers and 22.1% smokers) proposed banning tobacco advertising as preventive measures. In the Russian Federation, the ban has been in force since 2013. It can be assumed that the placement of information on the dangers of tobacco consumption works as a trigger, and is perceived as an advertising message by part of the audience. This hypothesis needs further refinement and will be verified by a separate study.

Social factors of spreading of tobacco smoking among college students

The objective of an empirical study of the social factors of spreading of smoking among college students was to identify the influence of the social environment and lifestyle on the formation of addiction. In our study, we relied on the concept of a value-social model of health. The materials of the study, which included a student survey (n = 495, proportional selection by gender, age, year of study) and a standardized interview with youth professionals (n = 21), analyzed the main motives for smoking youth, attitudes towards a healthy lifestyle, attitude towards smoking peers. A comparative analysis of the data was carried out in subgroups of smoking and non-smoking students. The results of the study showed the lack of formation of negative attitudes to smoking in the vast majority of students. According to 25% of smoking students and 39% of non-smoking students, smoking is one of the tools of communication and integration in the new team. 45.6% of all respondents cited group exposure and conformal behavior as reasons for starting smoking. The results on assessing attitude to smoking from the perspective of fashion and social recognition turned out to be unexpected: the number of non-smoking students who think that smoking is fashionable is 17 times exceeds the number of smokers who share these beliefs. A comparison of the data indicates a probable reason for this distribution of answers: in everyday life, smokers are faced with various legislative restrictions and social censure, while their non-smoking peers focus on the socio-communicative and recreational effects of this habit. Students demonstrated a high level of awareness of the negative effects of smoking. One fifth of students (20.9% non-smokers and 22.1% smokers) proposed banning tobacco advertising as preventive measures. In the Russian Federation, the ban has been in force since 2013. It can be assumed that the placement of information on the dangers of tobacco consumption works as a trigger, and is perceived as an advertising message by part of the audience. This hypothesis needs further refinement and will be verified by a separate study.

Факторы распространения деструктивного поведения в подростковой среде

Факторы распространения деструктивного поведения в подростковой среде

Energy-efficient house: economic, ecological and social justification in Ukrainian conditions

The main goal of the article is the efficiency justification of energy-efficient house (EEH) from the different points of view: economic, ecological and social. In this case, the EEH under the green economy context was considered by the authors. In addition, according to the Ukrainian ongoing condition, the key preconditions of EEH implementation among the Ukrainian households were allocated. Besides, the main approaches to define EEH are analyzed and systematized by the authors. On this basis, the main bullet points and features of EEH were indicated. The authors determined the EEH opportunities for spreading among the Ukrainian households. It should be noted, that the lack of awareness among the civil society provokes the slow temp of the EEH enlarging in Ukraine. At the same time, the European experience showed that the huge part of their households can be characterized as energy-effective. With the purpose of understand the efficiency of EEH, the authors had estimated the economic benefits of installed solar collector in the household as one of the parts of EEH. According to the results, the authors allocate the restraining factors of the EEH spreading in Ukraine. Thus, the great payback period is one of them. In addition, the high level of the currency rate has negative impact on the payback period. From the other side the continuously increasing of the utility bills have been indicated as a negative stimulate factor. In order to increase the awareness of the EEH benefits under the Ukrainian civil society, the main economic, ecological and social benefits of EEH were systematized by the authors.

THE EVALUATION OF RISK FACTORS RELATED TO PREVALENCE OF HIV-INFECTION AT DENTIST'S VISIT

The article considers issues of necessity of studying risk factors of spreading of IV-infection at dentist's visit in sate medical institutions and commercial stomatological structures. The data from publications concerning morbidity is presented. The clinical manifestations in oral cavity of patients with HIV-infection are studied. The analysis of efficiency of medical activities is presented. The recommendations concerning prevention of HIV-infection are given.

Prevalence, genotyping and risk factors of thermophilic Campylobacter spreading in organic turkey farms in Germany.

BackgroundThe need for organic food of animal origin has increased rapidly in recent years. However, effects of organic animal husbandry on food safety have not been rigorously tested especially in meat turkey flocks. This study provides for the first time an overview on the prevalence and genetic diversity of Campylobacter species (spp.) in five organic meat turkey farms located in different regions in Germany, as well as on potential risk factors of bacterial spreading. Thirty cloacal swabs as well as water samples and darkling beetles were collected from each flock and examined for the presence of Campylobacter by conventional and molecular biological methods. The isolates were genotyped by flaA-RFLP.ResultsCampylobacter spp. were detected in cloacal swabs in all 5 turkey flocks with prevalence ranged from 90.0 to 100 %. 13 cloacal swabs collected from birds in farm III and IV were harboured mixed population of thermophilic campylobacters. In total, from 158 Campylobacter isolated from turkeys 89 (56.33 %) were identified as C. coli and 69 (43.76 %) as C. jejuni. Three Campylobacter (2 C. jejuni and 1 C. coli) were detected in drinkers of two farms and 3 C. coli were isolated from darkling beetles of one farm. No Campylobacter were isolated from main water tanks. flaA-RFLP assay showed that turkey farms can harbour more than one genotype. In a single turkey two different genotypes could be detected. The genotypes of campylobacters isolated from water samples or beetles were identical with those isolated from turkeys. No effect was found of some environmental parameters [ammonia concentration (NH3), carbon dioxide concentration (CO2), relative humidity (RH) and air temperature)] on Campylobacter prevalence in organic turkey farms. Additionally, drinking water and darkling beetles might be considered as risk factors for the spreading of Campylobacter in turkey flocks.ConclusionsThis study highlights the high prevalence and genotypic diversity of Campylobacter spp. isolated from organic turkey flocks. Further research is needed to assess other potential risk factors responsible for bacteria spreading in order to mitigate the spread of Campylobacter in organic turkey flocks by improving biosecurity control measures.Electronic supplementary materialThe online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s13099-016-0108-2) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.

ЕМЕРДЖЕНТНІ І РЕ-ЕМЕРДЖЕНТНІ ВІРУСНІ ІНФЕКЦІЇ: ГЛОБАЛЬНА ПРОБЛЕМА XXI СТОЛІТТЯ

&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;У даний час розглядається три основних чинники виникнення і розповсюдження емерджентних інфекцій: &lt;/em&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;1. Фактори біологічної природи &lt;/em&gt;&lt;em&gt;-&lt;/em&gt;&lt;em&gt; генетична мінливість вірусів (мутація), яка є фундаментальною властивістю вірусних патогенів, вона допомагає збудникові уникати відповіді імунної системи хазяїна, збільшувати свою вірулентність таі індукувати резистентність до антивірусних препаратів.&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;2. Зоогеографічні фактори – почастішання контактів людини з птахами і тваринами створюють оптимальні умови для еволюції вірусів, непередбачуваного пасирування в їх організмі з можливістю посилення їх вірулентності, а також генетичних рекомбінацій як між генами самих вірусів, так і між генами вірусів і клітин хазяїна. &lt;/em&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;3. Соціально-економічні чинники є значущою причиною виникнення і розповсюдження емерджентних і ре-емерджентних захворювань. Відмічено, що епідеміологічний ризик захворювань багато в чому пов’язаний з рівнем соціально-економічного становища в країні. Найбільш небезпечні і тяжкі інфекційні захворювання, як правило, частіше виникають в країнах з високою щільністю і низьким рівнем життя населення. &lt;/em&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Наведені короткі дані про найбільш важливі емерджентні і ре-емерджентні інфекції вірусної природи, що створили надзвичайні епідемічні ситуації в світі з високою захворюваністю і смертністю. Для успішної боротьби з ними необхідне створення ефективної системи моніторингу, спрямованої на виявлення нових збудників, що знову повертаються в людську популяцію. Проблема емерджентних і ре-емерджентних інфекцій має глобальне значення, у зв’язку з чим для її оперативного і результативного вирішення необхідна також міжнародна співпраця. &lt;/em&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;Ключові слова:&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;em&gt; емерджентні і ре-емерджентні вірусні збудники, епідемії і пандемії, система моніторингу і боротьби з особливо небезпечними інфекціями. &lt;/em&gt;&lt;em&gt;&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/p&gt;