Situational Factors Research Articles

The Influence of Short Video on Consumer Consumption Behavior under the Perspective of Impulsive Consumption

Nowadays, the rapid development of mobile media technology causes short videos to become one of the most useful media. Short videos not only provide interesting daily life sharing but also contain lots of product merchandising. This type of merchandising always makes people appear the impulse consumption behavior. Therefore, we started researching the effect short videos have on consumers' consumption behavior under the impulsive consumption perspective. Based on this article, we give a detailed concept explanation of impulsive consumption, merchandising, and the SOR model we used in the following research. Besides, we also define the short videos. Then, we analyze the reasons short videos stimulate people's impulse consumption behavior using the SOR method, the factors that affect consumers consumption behavior, and the situational factors that affect consumers behavior. We compare the difference between offline stores promoting strategies and online promoting strategies in short videos, and analyze the cause of those factors using the SOR model. As a consequence, we find out that those factors we listed can explain the influence short videos bring to consumer consumption behavior.

Computers as Bad Social Actors: Dark Patterns and Anti-Patterns in Interfaces that Act Socially

Interfaces increasingly mimic human social behaviours. Beyond prototypical examples like chatbots, basic automated systems like app notifications or self-checkout machines likewise address or 'talk to' people in person-like ways. Whilst early evidence suggests social cues can enhance user experience, we lack a good understanding of when, and why, their use in interaction design may be inappropriate. We combined a qualitative survey (n=80) with experience sampling, interview, and workshop studies (n=11) to understand people's attitudes and preferences regarding how a range of automated systems talk to/at them. We thematically analysed examples of phrasings or conduct our participants disliked, their reasons, and how they would prefer to be treated instead. One category of inappropriate use we identified is when social design elements are used to manipulate user behaviour. We distinguish four such tactics: 'agents' playing on users' emotions (e.g., guilt-tripping, coaxing), being pushy, mothering users, or being passive-aggressive. Another category regards pragmatics: personal or situational factors that can make even a seemingly helpful or friendly message come across as rude, tactless, invasive, etc. These include contextual insensitivity (e.g., embarrassing users in public); expressing clearly false personalised care; or treating a user in ways they find misaligned with the system's role or the nature of their relationship. We discuss these inappropriate uses in terms of an emerging 'social' class of dark and anti-patterns. From participant suggestions, we offer recommendations for improving how interfaces treat people in interaction, including broader normative reflections on treating users respectfully.

Unlocking entrepreneurial well-being: exploring the interplay of psychological capital and impostor phenomenon

Purpose The purpose of this empirical investigation was to explore the interrelationship between psychological capital (PsyCaP) and impostor phenomenon (IP) experienced by entrepreneurs. Design/methodology/approach The researchers performed exploratory data analysis, using a correlation matrix that included the composite score of all PsyCap dimensions (psychological capital questionnaire [PCQ-24]) and the factor scores of hope, self-efficacy, resilience and optimism. The data analysis was conducted in relation to participants’ IP scores. Findings The study results demonstrated that a negative relationship was present between entrepreneurs’ Clance impostor phenomenon scale (CIPS) factor scores (consisting of hope, self-efficacy, resilience and optimism) and PsyCap dimensions (PCQ-24) composite subscales. This indicated that higher levels of PsyCaP were associated with lower levels of IP experience by entrepreneurs. Research limitations/implications Theoretically, it must be noted that, based upon these study results, both “impostor phenomenon” and entrepreneurial identity formation occurred among entrepreneurs. It was known to be associated with external environmental, situational and societal factors. The researchers established the relationship between entrepreneurs’ “impostor phenomenon” and “psychological capital (PsyCap)”. Practical implications Entrepreneurs and executives associated with business accelerators and incubators should comprehend the link between IP and PsyCap in entrepreneurs. This would enhance the well-being of entrepreneurs in their challenging context. Entrepreneurs and executives associated with business accelerators and incubators might explore the effectiveness of PsyCap-based interventions, along with IP-related considerations. Originality/value This was one of the first empirical studies investigating and establishing the relationship between entrepreneurs’ “impostor phenomenon” and “psychological capital (PsyCap)”.

Observing heroic behavior and its influencing factors in immersive virtual environments

Studying heroism in controlled settings presents challenges and ethical controversies due to its association with physical risk. Leveraging virtual reality (VR) technology, we conducted a three-study series with 397 participants from China to investigate heroic actions. Participants unexpectedly witnessed a criminal event in a simulated scenario, allowing observation of their tendency to physically intercept a thief. We examined situational factors (voluntariness, authority, and risk) and personal variables [gender, impulsivity, empathy, and social value orientation (SVO)] that may influence heroism. Also, the potential association between heroism and social conformity was explored. In terms of situational variables, voluntariness modulated participants' tendency to intercept the escaping thief, while perceived risk demonstrated its impact by interacting with gender. That is, in study 3 where the perceived risk was expected to be higher (as supported by an online study 5), males exhibited a greater inclination toward heroic behavior compared to females. Regarding other personal variables, the tendency to engage in heroic behavior decreased as empathy levels rose among males, whereas the opposite trend was observed for females. SVO influenced heroic behavior but without a gender interaction. Finally, an inverse relationship between heroism and social conformity was observed. The robustness of these findings was partly supported by the Chinese sample (but not the international sample) of an online study 4 that provided written descriptions of VR scenarios, indicating cultural variations. These results advance insights into motivational factors influencing heroism in the context of restoring order and highlight the power of VR technology in examining social psychological hypotheses beyond ethical constraints.

The impact on employment and education of caregiving for a family member with young onset dementia: A scoping review.

Young-onset dementia (YOD) affects individuals under 65 years of age, often leading to loss of employment and independence. Families provide increasing levels of care to family members with YOD, resulting in changes to their daily lives, including their occupational pursuits. This review examines evidence of the occupational implications for family members who provide care to a family with YOD to identify: (i) the influence and impact caregiving tasks and responsibilities have on employment, volunteering, and education, and (ii) caregiver, and caregiving situation factors associated with changes in employment, volunteering, and education. A scoping review was performed using eight electronic databases. Included articles were narratively synthesized using a thematic analysis. Sixteen studies met the inclusion criteria and were included for review. The over-arching (main) theme of 'decision-making' was identified, with family members required to make choices about their own occupational goals and roles to be able to provide care to family living with YOD. The outcomes of these decisions are dynamic and changeable across the caregiving trajectory. Three caregiving factors influence decision-making: (1) Implications of Combining Caregiving and Occupations, (2) Altered Identity (3) Strategies to Support Caregivers of Individuals Living with YOD. A fourth theme was also identified 'Guidance for Researchers To Support Caregivers'. There is a scarce body of literature examining the influence caregiving has on occupational outcomes for the YOD caregiver population. Much of this work is descriptive and lacks focus on the implications, particularly long-term impacts. This review provides a foundational guide for future research and practices to support YOD family caregivers to obtain and sustain occupations.

Intimate Partner Violence, Femicide, and General Theories: Issues for Research and Policy From the View of Modern Control Theory

Intimate partner violence (IPV), including intimate partner homicide (IPH) and femicide, raises issues for general theories of crime, such as control and opportunity theories, that see close relationships among friends and family as barriers to interpersonal crimes. Crime-specific studies of both correlates and trends in IPV, including recent interrupted trend studies that examine the effects of COVID restrictions, often test opportunity theories absent considerations of theoretically driven images of actors. Review of empirical research on IPV and IPH reveals strong compatibility between the predictions of modern control theory and consistent findings from trend data. Barriers to understanding of the explanatory power of general theories of crime (including, for example, control theories and feminist perspectives) in contemporary research include use of poor definitions of intimacy, misspecification of age effects, failure to consider the versatility of offending behavior, neglecting the importance of trends in analogous behaviors, neglecting the role of situational factors in violence, and the limitations in the measurement of repetitive victimization. Theories such as routine activity and situational crime prevention that fail to explicitly include characteristics of actors can go only a limited way in providing meaningful policy. Research supports the potential policy effects of investments in early childhood and attention to situational barriers (including limitations on alcohol use and firearm availability) to reduce IPV. Although modern control theory is used to illustrate these issues, other general theories, like feminist theories, can make similar arguments.

Examining the nexus between situational factors and job performance through the mediating role of work engagement and self‐efficacy

The situational perspectives theory of job performance is a fundamental aspect of organizational and managerial psychology. Consequently, there is growing interest in conducting additional research to assess situational factors and job performance through the theoretical frameworks of social learning and social exchange theories, which are seldom applied in these domains. The data has been collected from 365 employees working in Pakistan Telecommunication Company Limited (PTCL). It was found that supervisor support stimulates job performance. It is also deduced that self‐efficacy mediates the relationship while work engagement does not mediate the relationship between supervisor support and job performance. The situational perspectives theory of job performance provides a supportive framework for the development of PTCL employees. This work should be of interest in the area of situational factors and performance improvement. This study is one of the very few studies conducted to empirically assess the influence of situational factor on performance through the mediating role of work engagement and self‐efficacy.

Teachers Underutilize Their Learning Styles in Developing Thought-Provoking Questions: A Case Study

<p style="text-align: justify;">Teachers' learning styles are a crucial part of the learning process as they determine how teachers' brains capture and integrate information linked with the senses. Kurnia, identified as an auditory teacher, was expected to capture written information in a provided numeracy problem. Nevertheless, she prefers to capture visual information, like tables or figures, and utilize them to develop thought-provoking questions. Thus, this study intends to investigate her reasons and the factors affecting Kurnia's decision to utilize visual information as a reference in developing questions. This research adopts a qualitative design covering a case study. Kurnia was selected from 32 teachers from 28 schools; roughly 43% were from public schools, and 57% from private schools. Kurnia placed more emphasis on pictorial information before proposing questions, which was caused by situational factors: the subject matter, the grade level, the student's engagement in the class, the teacher's experience, the teaching experience, and the diversity of students' learning styles. This article recommends that teachers recognize their learning styles to know their strengths and weaknesses in teaching mathematics, and that they convey understandable information utilizing effective instructional methods that represent each learning style of students in the classroom.</p>

Virtual reality testing of emergency scenarios could improve student reactions in the future

Artificial intelligence is infiltrating every sector of college life, from admissions papers to now, research on how virtual reality simulations can improve campus safety. Emergency Management Science and Technology has published a paper entitled “Experimental Research on College Students’ Emergency Ability and Its Influencing Factors in Virtual Emergency Situations” that examines how AI technology, such as virtual reality simulations, can improve understanding of students’ ability to respond to emergency situations.

Emotional Experiences and Their Connection With Coping Strategies During the COVID-19 Pandemic: Gender Differences

The study was conducted in Ukraine during the onset of COVID-19 pandemic. The sample contained 232 individuals. The aim was to study emotional experiences and their connection with coping strategies in the context of gender differences. The research was based on the concept of differential emotions, and on the understanding of the accumulation strategies as a dynamic process, which is determined by personal prepositions and situational factors. Measures used in the study were the Differential Emotions Scale and the Ways of Coping Questionnaire. The growth of negative experiences and stress at the beginning of the pandemic among men and women was confirmed. We described the differences regarding emotions and coping strategies. Women use emotion-focused strategies of social support, strategies of positive reappraisal of the situation, and avoidance, the acceptance of responsibility among women is associated with negative emotions. We found that women more frequently use two or more coping strategies compared to men. A different emotional basis of coping strategies, expressed at high levels of tension among men and women, was revealed. The defined features of coping behavior among men and women may help to determine the main goals for the development of preventive and psychotherapeutic interventions.

Motivational Development and Learning Success in Regular Semesters and Distance Semesters Under Pandemic Conditions in an Educational Psychology Lecture Course

This study compared university students’ motivational development and learning success during multiple regular and pandemic distance semesters. In general, a decline in expectancies and task values was expected during semesters. Based on situated expectancy-value theory, we exploratively examined how situative pandemic-related factors were related to motivational development, knowledge acquisition, and ceased self-testing. Data from N = 690 students attending the same lecture course on educational psychology were assessed in four regular (n = 426) and three distance (n = 264) semesters using latent growth curve modeling. Declines in all motivational components except attainment value were found in the overall sample. Motivation did not differ between regular and distance semesters. However, regarding learning success, students in pandemic distance semesters showed lower knowledge test performance and ceased self-testing more often and earlier. There were many concerns that the pandemic had a strong negative impact on students’ motivation and learning success. However, our results provide evidence that students’ motivation was quite robust. Nonetheless, the high rate of ceased self-testing in distance semesters is a concerning result and our study highlights the need for strategies to provide increased support for learners under regular as well as special conditions.

To achieve drug abstinence, all patients stopped drinking alcohol

A combination of residential treatment for substance use disorders (SUDs) and the cessation of drinking resulted in increased abstinence rates from drugs in general, a recent study of “situational factors” linked to abstinence from drugs has found. In addition, even for patients not in residential treatment, employment and the cessation of drinking were linked to increased abstinence rates. The patients in the study excluded those with alcohol use disorders (AUD). The study was conducted in Japan, where drug use is illegal and strictly enforced.

Engaging the Evil Forces in the Spirit Realm: A Theology of Spiritual Warfare in African Neo-Pentecostal Spirituality

Prayer is traditionally used as a way of communicating with God and giving petitions to Him. However, within African neo-Pentecostal spirituality, prayer is more than communication and petitions; it is a way of addressing the evil forces in the spiritual realm. This is informed by the link that African neo-Pentecostals make between life challenges and evil forces in the spirit realm. In other words, problems such as diseases, sicknesses, miscarriages, misfortune, curses, and others are seen as coming from the spirit realm and as being caused by evil spirits. Surprisingly, even problems of unemployment, visa application, poverty, and inequality are linked to the evil forces in the spirit realm by some African neo-Pentecostals. Previous studies have addressed this phenomenon within the context of African neo-Pentecostal spirituality. What is new in this article is the development of a theology of spiritual warfare within the African neo-Pentecostal spirituality. This article argued that not every situation emanates from the spirit realm. Some challenges have a human element of incompetencies, greed, corruption, and so forth. The study is a literature review on spiritual warfare. The study makes a new contribution to the Pentecostal theology of spiritual warfare by paying attention to other life challenges that are not linked to evil forces. This changes how Pentecostal scholars and theologians study the concept of spiritual warfare, there is a need for considering other causative factors in life situations. It is recommended here that a Pentecostal theology of spiritual warfare should holistically look at life rather than always perceiving all life challenges as emanating from the spirit realm. Keywords: Evil Forces, Spirit Realm, Pentecostal Theology, Spiritual Warfare, African Neo-Pentecostal Spirituality

Intraoperative Echocardiography: Guide to Decision-Making.

This review aims to provide a concise overview of key recommendations, with a specific focus on common challenges faced by intraoperative echocardiographers when dealing with frequently encountered valvular pathologies and mechanical circulatory support. It offers valuable insights for medical practitioners in this field. The American Society of Echocardiography (ASE) and the American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association (ACC/AHA) have released updated comprehensive guidelines for the use of transesophageal echocardiography (TEE) for the assessment of cardiac structures and implanted devices to help guide intraoperative decision-making. Transesophageal echocardiography (TEE) is a regularly employed intraoperative diagnostic and monitoring tool, offering various modalities for the rapid evaluation of valvular and aortic pathology, hemodynamic disturbances, and cardiac function. It is particularly valuable in assessing and placing mechanical circulatory support (MCS) devices, providing views often challenging to obtain through transthoracic echocardiography. Additionally, intraoperative TEE can be used for decision-making in patients with valvular disease allowing incorporation of patient-specific and situational factors. Echocardiographers can employ this information in real-time to help guide surgical treatment selection such as repair, replacement, or deferral of intervention.

The status and influencing factors of fatigue in kidney transplant recipients based on the theory of unpleasant symptoms: A cross-sectional study in China.

This study describes the incidence of fatigue in kidney transplant recipients and analyses the relationship between physiological factors, psychological factors, situational factors and fatigue in kidney transplant recipients. Fatigue, as a common symptom after kidney transplantation, is affected by many factors, but the influence of some factors on the fatigue of kidney transplant recipients is still controversial. This cross-sectional study was designed based on the theory of unpleasant symptoms. Our survey involved 307 participants attending the kidney transplant outpatient clinic of a tertiary Class A hospital (Changsha, Hunan, China). Data were collected between February and April 2021 using a structured questionnaire and electronic medical records. Data were analysed using IBM SPSS 25.0 (SPSS Inc.) RESULTS: It was found that the incidence of fatigue in kidney transplant recipients was 53.1%. According to the binary logistic regression analysis, sleep quality, hypokalemia, anxiety, depression and education level were independent risk factors for fatigue in kidney transplant recipients. The incidence of fatigue in kidney transplant recipients was high and was influenced by physical, psychological and situational factors. Clinical nurses should assess fatigue levels in a timely and multidimensional manner in clinical practice and provide effective and scientific guidance about fatigue self-coping and symptom management for kidney transplant recipients.

Habilidades metacognitivas y autoeficacia académica: planteamiento relacional en el contexto pregradual

Self-determination theories have managed to describe self-efficacy as the element in which dimensions such as analysis, supervision and human conscience converge. From the theory of social learning, it is considered as a condition associated with metacognition in its dimensions of supervision and correction. The relationship between metacognitive skills and academic self-efficacy is studied. The method was quantitative correlational, integrating 260 students from the education career of universities in Lima, after the period of the fourth wave of infections by Covid-19. Significant relationship indices have been found between the variables analyzed, based on finding better metacognitive skills and the best use of metacognition in performance (r = .821; p < 0.01); as well as with the situational expectations factors (r = .783; p < 0.01); and personal expectations (r = .576; p < 0.01).

Employee recognition giving in crisis: a study of healthcare workers during the COVID-19 pandemic

PurposeEmployee recognition systems are ubiquitous in organizations (WorldatWork, 2019) and have positive effects on work outcomes (e.g. Stajkovic and Luthans, 2001). However, psychologically meaningful recognition relies on the recognition giver being motivated to observe and recognize coworkers. Crises such as the COVID-19 pandemic may impact recognition giving in varying ways, yet little research considers this possibility.Design/methodology/approachThis longitudinal field study examined the impact of the COVID-19 crisis on recognition and acknowledgment giving among frontline and nonfrontline healthcare workers at daily and aggregated levels. We tested the relationships between publicly available daily indicators of COVID-19 and objectively measured daily recognition and acknowledgment giving within a web-based platform.FindingsWe found that the amount of daily recognition giving was no different during the crisis compared to the year before, but fewer employees gave recognition, and significantly more recognition was given on days when COVID-19 indicators were relatively high. In contrast, the amount of acknowledgment giving was significantly lower in frontline staff and significantly higher in nonfrontline staff during the pandemic than before, but on a daily-level, acknowledgment was unrelated to COVID-19 indicators.Practical implicationsOur results suggest that organizational crises may at once inhibit and stimulate employee recognition and acknowledgment.Originality/valueOur research is the first to empirically demonstrate that situational factors associated with a crisis can impact recognition giving behavior, and they do so in ways consistent with ostensibly contradictory theories.

Situational Factors of Mental States Questionnaire

This article describes the process of creating diagnostic tools aimed at assessing the degree of influence of internal and external factors, as well as key parameters included in them, on the change in a person's mental state. The main stages of the questionnaire creation and modification are described in detail. The main psychometric indicators of the questionnaire are given: results of convergent and constructive validity, assessment of the internal consistency of the questionnaire and reliability. 520 respondents took part in the testing of the questionnaire, mainly students, whose average age was 23 years. At the first stage of the questionnaire, the sample was 105 people, at the second  137, at the third stage  278. The psychometric properties of the questionnaire ‟Situational factors of mental states” make it possible to use it to assess the degree of influence of internal and external factors, key parameters included in them, on the change in the current mental state of a person. The practical guilt lies in the fact that on the basis of the conducted phenomenological research, the author’s questionnaire “Situational factors of medical conditions” was developed, which can complement the objective picture of the study of a person’s biological conditions, his personality characteristics, as well as the level of various factors of the human condition on changes in condition. The results indicate that this questionnaire is a convenient psychodiagnostic tool, does not require long time to fill out, process and has the necessary psychometric characteristics.

Exploring Situational Factors for Female International Students and Their Satisfaction in Higher Education Using CB-SEM

While the topic of attracting and maintaining inbound international students has received much scholarly attention in higher education, attracting female international students has rarely been discussed. This study addresses the issue of attracting degree-seeking female international students. Based on the notion of situational factors and total quality management (TQM), we assumed both institutional design and students’ satisfaction are core concepts for attracting and retaining female international students that will make a difference in higher education. A total of 215 survey responses were analyzed, and a covariance-based structural equation modeling (CB-SEM) approach was developed. The results confirm female international students’ perception of 14 observed variables in the three first-order components and suggest that they can create a second-order construct of push factors, institutional situations, and satisfaction (latent variables). This study demonstrates that higher-order modeling leads to theoretical parsimony and reduces model complexity in the proposed CB-SEM. The findings suggest that the casual relationship works well and both institutional leadership and international strategy can play crucial roles in the process of transforming female international students’ learning satisfaction.

The perception of time is slowed in response to exercise, an effect not further compounded by competitors: behavioral implications for exercise and health.

The theory of relativity postulates that time is relative to context and exercise seems such a situation. The purpose of this study was to examine whether situational factors such as perceived exertion and the introduction of an opponent influence competitors' perception of time. Thirty-three recreationally active adults (F=16; M=17) performed three standardized 4-km cycling trials in a randomized order. Velotron 3D software was used to create a visual, virtual environment representing (1) a solo time trial (FAM and SO), (2) a time trial with a passive opponent avatar (PO), and (3) a time trial with an opponent avatar and participant instruction to actively finish the trial before the opponent (AO). Participants were asked to estimate a 30-s time period using a standardized protocol for reproducibility before exercise at 500m, 1500m, 2500m, and post exercise. Rate of perceived exertion (RPE) was measured throughout the trials. Exercise trials revealed that time was perceived to run "slow" compared to chronological time during exercise compared to resting and post-exercise measurements (p<0.001). There was no difference between exercise conditions (SO, PO, and AO) or time points (500m, 1500m, and 2500m). RPE increased throughout the trials. The results of this study demonstrate for the first time that exercise both with and without the influence of opponents influences time perception. This finding has important implications for healthy exercise choices and also for optimal performance. Independent of RPE, time was perceived to move slower during exercise, underpinning inaccurate pacing and decision-making across physical activities.