Factors Of Deep Venous Thrombosis Research Articles

Prevalence of Thrombophilia in Indian Patients with Deep Venous Thrombosis – An 8-Year Single-Center Study

Background: Thrombophilia is a recognized risk factor for deep venous thrombosis (DVT) and its recurrence. Routine thrombophilia testing is controversial because of low yield and high cost. However, screening for thrombophilia helps in deciding the duration of anticoagulant treatment. The aim of this study is to determine the prevalence of thrombophilia in DVT patients in India. Materials and Methods: This was a retrospective, prospective, observational study done from April 2012 to April 2020. Thrombophilia screening was done in DVT patients who were <40 years, with unprovoked DVT, or with recurrent DVT. Homocysteine, antithrombin III, protein C and S, factor V Leiden, and lupus anticoagulant (LAC) were assessed. Follow-up was done to assess post thrombotic syndrome (PTS), pulmonary embolism (PE), and recurrence of DVT. Results: One hundred and sixty-six patients selected for thrombophilia out of which 163 were males. Patients were ranging age from 35 to 70 years. 82 (49.4%) patients had abnormal thrombophilia. 66 had one abnormal factor, while 16 had more than one. A total of 102 abnormal factors found in 82 cases, of which 41 had hyperhomocysteinemia, 20 protein S deficiency, 12 protein C deficiency, 15 factor V Leiden mutations, 8 antithrombin III deficiency, and 6 LAC. 10.2% of patients developed PTS, 16.3% recurrence, 2% PE, and 0.3% mortality. Conclusion: DVT patients are at a substantial risk of recurrence. Although laboratory evaluation of thrombophilia is costly but it is essential for monitoring therapy in certain sets of patients. Identification of thrombophilic condition is worth and affects the overall standard clinical management. In our study we found prevalence of thrombophilia in about 50% of DVT patients who are <40 years, with unprovoked DVT or with recurrent DVT. Out of which hyperhomocysteinemia is most common. But more studies including RCTs are required for further clarifications.

Preoperative erythrocyte sedimentation rate in patients with rheumatoid arthritis predicts deep vein thrombosis following total knee arthroplasty.

To thoroughly evaluate preoperative risk factors for deep venous thrombosis (DVT) in patients with knee rheumatoid arthritis (RA) undergoing unilateral total knee arthroplasty (TKA). Clinical data of 106 patients with knee RA who underwent unilateral TKA from August 2014 to October 2020 were collected. All patients received ultrasonic examination of the veins of both lower extremities on the third day after TKA and were divided into DVT and non-DVT groups. The associations between age, gender, body mass index (BMI), history of diabetes/hypertension, common serum lipid levels, indicators related to coagulation function, blood viscosity, erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) and postoperative DVT were statistically compared and analyzed. ESR was significantly correlated with DVT risk after TKA (OR = 1.844, 95% CI = 1.022-2.981, P = 0.019). Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis showed the optimal cut-off point of ESR for predicting DVT was 42 mm/h with a sensitivity of 95.5% and specificity of 66.7%. An increased preoperative ESR value is a risk factor for DVT in patients with knee RA following unilateral TKA. Pre-surgery control of ESR level and prevention of postoperative DVT in these patients are worthy of attention.

Development and validation of a prediction model of deep venous thrombosis for patients with acute poisoning following hemoperfusion: a retrospective analysis.

ObjectiveTo develop and confirm an individualized predictive model to ascertain the probability of deep venous thrombosis in patients with acute poisoning after undergoing hemoperfusion.MethodsThree hundred eleven patients with acute poisoning who were admitted to a hospital in China between October 2017 and February 2019 were included in the development group. Eighty patients with acute poisoning who were admitted between February and May 2019 were included in the validation group. The independent risk factors for deep venous thrombosis were examined. An individualized predictive model was developed using regression coefficients.ResultsThe number of catheter indwelling days, having a catheter while being transported, elevated serum homocysteine concentrations, and dyslipidemia were independent risk factors for deep venous thrombosis following hemoperfusion in patients with acute poisoning. The areas under the receiver operating characteristic curve of the development and validation groups were 0.713 and 0.702, respectively, which suggested that the prediction model had good discrimination capacity. The calibration belts of the two groups were ideal.ConclusionsOur prediction model has a moderate predictive effect for the occurrence of deep venous thrombosis in patients with acute poisoning. In clinical practice, this model could be combined with a common thrombosis risk assessment model.

Preoperative incidence and risk factors of deep venous thrombosis in patients with isolated femoral shaft fracture

BackgroundPreoperative deep vein thrombosis (DVT) of the lower extremities delays surgery in patients with femoral shaft fractures and impairs functional recovery. However, studies on preoperative DVT in patients with femoral shaft fractures are still rare. This study was aimed to retrospectively analyze the preoperative incidence, location and risk factors associated with DVT in patients with femoral shaft fractures.MethodsData of patients with femoral shaft fractures and treated with surgery at the Third Hospital of Hebei Medical University were retrospectively collected from January 2013 to December 2019. The information collected included demographic data, comorbidities, injury-related data and laboratory tests. Patients were divided into DVT and non-DVT groups. Univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses were performed to determine independent risk factors.ResultsA total of 432 patients were included in this study, of whom 114 (26.4%) patients were diagnosed with preoperative DVT (all asymptomatic) and injured extremities of 78.1% (89/114) were investigated. Multivariate analysis showed that older age (increase in each 10 years), delay time from injury to operation (in each day), FIB > 4 g/L were independent risk factors for preoperative DVT.ConclusionPatients with femoral shaft fractures (especially the elderly and patients with the above-mentioned conditions) are at the risk of DVT right from admission to surgery hence should be intensively monitored and provided with prompt treatment to prevent DVT.

Risk Factors for Deep Venous Thrombosis among Patients Admitted to Vascular Unit.

Risk Factors for Deep Venous Thrombosis among Patients Admitted to Vascular Unit.

Incidence, and preoperative and intraoperative prognostic factors of deep venous thrombosis in patients with glioma following craniotomy

ObjectivesThe aim of this study was to investigate the incidence of deep vein thrombosis (DVT) and the preoperative and intraoperative risk factors associated with DVT in glioma patients MethodsWe conducted a retrospective analysis of data obtained from glioma patients at Sanbo Hospital (Beijing, China) between 2018 and 2021. Symptomatic DVT was confirmed by Doppler ultrasonography. Multivariable logistic regression analysis was used to identify preoperative and intraoperative characteristics associated with DVT. Basic clinical variables and laboratory results were analyzed. ResultsA total of 492 glioma patients were included. Of these, 73 (14.84%) developed DVT, and three (0.61%) developed DVT and pulmonary embolism (PE). Multivariate analyses revealed that the following factors were highly predictive of post-operative DVT: older age ranges of 46––55 years (odds ratio [OR]: 2.94; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.41––6.13; p = 0.004), 56––65 years (OR: 7.86; 95% CI: 3.63––17.03; p < 0.001), and > 65 years (OR: 4.94; 95% CI: 1.83––13.33; p = 0.002); partial thromboplastin time (APTT; OR: 0.91; 95% CI: 0.84––1.00; p = 0.040); D-dimer (OR: 2.21; 95% CI: 1.28––3.82; p = 0.005); and surgery duration (OR: 2.87; 95% CI: 1.6 ––5.07; p < 0.001) ConclusionsOlder age, preoperative APTT, D-dimer, and surgery duration independently increased the risk of developing postoperative DVT. These findings may facilitate the development of a thrombosis risk score that will allow physicians to develop individualized strategies to prevent DVT as early as possible.

Incidence of and risk factors for pre-operative deep venous thrombosis in geriatric intertrochanteric fracture patients.

The purpose of this prospective study was to investigate the pre-operative incidence of and risk factors for deep venous thrombosis (DVT) in geriatric intertrochanteric fractures to help facilitate the peri-operative management of them. Data of 1515 geriatric intertrochanteric fracture patients were extracted from a prospective intertrochanteric fractures database according to the inclusion criteria and exclusion criteria. The demographics, fracture characteristics, and pre-operative laboratory indicators of patients were evaluated statistically. The incidence of pre-operative DVT was 10.2% (155 in 1360 patients) in the present study. The rates of proximal DVT, distal DVT, and mixed DVT were 18.1% (28 patients), 56.8% (88 patients), and 25.2% (39 patients), respectively. The percentages of DVT developing in the affected limb, uninjured limb, and bilateral limbs were 74.2% (115 in 55 patients), 16.8% (26 in 155 patients), and 9% (14 in 155 patients), respectively. After the multivariable analysis, the time from injury to surgery (TIS) > 4days [odds ratio (OR) = 1.870, p = 0.001], the number of comorbidities > 2 (OR = 2.124, p = 0.014), and albumin (ALB) < 35g/L (OR = 1.516, p = 0.043), etc. were significantly associated with the development of preoperative DVT in geriatric intertrochanteric fracture patients. Although routine anticoagulant therapy was used to prevent the formation of DVT, the incidence of which was still high. Therefore, pre-operative ultrasound of both lower extremities was advised for pre-operatively, especially for patients with delayed surgery, hypoproteinemia, three or more comorbidities, and a D-dimer level > 1.59mg/L.

LARGE SADDLE PULMONARY EMBOLISM WITH RIGHT VENTRICULAR DYSFUNCTION IN AN ASYMPTOMATIC PATIENT

TOPIC: Critical Care TYPE: Medical Student/Resident Case Reports INTRODUCTION: Definition of saddle pulmonary embolism (PE) is a visible thromboembolus straddling the bifurcation of the main pulmonary artery trunk. Saddle pulmonary embolism occurs in 5.2% cases in all patients with pulmonary embolism (1). We report an atypical case of an asymptomatic and hemodynamically stable patient with a saddle PE and right ventricular (RV) strain. CASE PRESENTATION: A 65-year-old man with history of schizophrenia, polysubstance abuse on methadone, hepatic fibrosis, lung nodules reported 1 hour of transient chest pain and SOB two days before ER visit. On admission he did not have any symptoms. He denied risk factors for deep venous thrombosis. All vital signs were normal. Clinical examination revealed attenuated pulmonic component of the second heart sound. Electrocardiogram (EKG) revealed new biphasic t-waves in anterior leads. Labs were significant for troponin ultra 0.43 ng/ml. He was initially admitted to CCU for acute myocardial infarction without ST segment elevation in the settings of elevated troponin and new EKG changes of biphasic T waves in anterior leads. Repeated EKG - right axis deviation. Echocardiogram (ECHO- normal left ventricle, RV function was severely reduced and size severely enlarged, abnormal septal motion during diastole and systole consistent with volume and pressure overload and pulmonary pressure of 43 mmHg. CT pulmonary angiography (CTPA) was positive for saddle PE extending into all 5 lobes of the lungs (figure 1). Venous scan of lower extremities revealed deep venous thrombosis of the right popliteal vein. Treatment for PE was initiated with therapeutic dose of anticoagulation therapy. He remained hemodynamically stable and asymptomatic throughout the course and his hospital stay was uneventful and he was discharged on therapeutic dose Apixaban. DISCUSSION: Risk assessment for acute PE includes classification according to hemodynamic instability with patients presenting with hemodynamic instability being high risk for 30 days mortality and requiring reperfusion treatment (systemic thrombolysis or pulmonary embolectomy). Patient with hemodynamic stability but with RV strain on ECHO or CTPA have intermediate high risk and can be treated with parenteral or oral AC and rescue reperfusion if deterioration happens (2). CONCLUSIONS: Conclusion: Patient with RV strain and large saddle PE can remained hemodynamically stable and can adequately be managed with AC therapy. REFERENCE #1: Musani MH. Asymptomatic saddle pulmonary embolism: case report and literature review. Clin Appl Thromb Hemost. 2011 Aug;17(4):337-9. doi: 10.1177/1076029610363588. Epub 2010 Mar 22. PMID: 20308228. REFERENCE #2: Stavros V. Konstantinides, Guy Meyer, Cecilia Becattini, Héctor Bueno, Geert-Jan Geersing, Veli-Pekka Harjola, Menno V. Huisman, Marc Humbert, Catriona Sian Jennings, David Jiménez, Nils Kucher, Irene Marthe Lang, Mareike Lankeit, Roberto Lorusso, Lucia Mazzolai, Nicolas Meneveau, Fionnuala Ní Áinle, Paolo Prandoni, Piotr Pruszczyk, Marc Righini, Adam Torbicki, Eric Van Belle, José Luis Zamorano, 2019 ESC Guidelines for the diagnosis and management of acute pulmonary embolism developed in collaboration with the European Respiratory Society (ERS), European Respiratory Journal 2019; DOI: 10.1183/13993003.01647-2019 DISCLOSURES: no disclosure on file for Moses Bachan; no disclosure on file for Zinobia Khan; No relevant relationships by Mirjana Petrovic Elbaz, source=Web Response No relevant relationships by Robert Siegel, source=Web Response No relevant relationships by Swarnalatha Uday sumathy, source=Web Response

The incidence and risk factors of deep venous thrombosis in lower extremities following surgically treated femoral shaft fracture: a retrospective case-control study

BackgroundThere is still a lack of data on deep vein thrombosis (DVT) following surgically treated femoral shaft fracture (FSF). The goal of this study was to investigate the characteristics of postoperative DVT and the association between the occurrence of DVT and risk factors in patients undergoing surgical treatment for FSF.MethodsThis observational retrospective case-control study reviewed 308 patients who received surgical treatment of FSF between January 2016 and October 2020 at a university hospital. Univariate analyses were performed on the data of demographics, comorbidities, laboratory biomarkers, and operation-related indexes. The receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis, univariate analyses, and multivariate logistic regression analysis were employed to identify the independent risk factors associated with DVT.ResultsIn total, 308 patients with surgically treated FSF were included, among whom 48 (15.6%) patients had postoperative DVTs. The univariate analyses showing significant differences regarding DVT were American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) classification, diabetes mellitus, current smoking, aspartate transaminase (AST), and very-low-density lipoprotein (VLDL) level among the 34 factors. According to the ROC results, the optimal cutoff values for intraoperative blood loss, d-dimer, and age were 350 ml, 1.08 μg/ml, and 35 years, respectively. The multivariable model demonstrated 4 significantly independent associations with postoperative DVT, including current smoking, intraoperative blood loss (> 550 ml), age (> 35 years), and d-dimer > 1.09 μg/ml.ConclusionThese risk factors as screening tools contribute to risk stratification of the occurrence of thromboembolic events. In addition, our findings would help orthopedic surgeons make a cross-specialty decision and implement targeted precaution measures for patients with FSF.

Thrombin-Activatable Fibrinolysis Inhibitor (TAFI) Antigen Levels and TAFI Gene Polymorphisms in Patients with Budd-Chiari Syndrome and Portal Vein Thrombosis.

Background Budd-Chiari syndrome (BCS) and Portal Vein Thrombosis (PVT) have been associated with several hypercoagulable states. Thrombin-activatable fibrinolysis inhibitor (TAFI) potently attenuates fibrinolysis. Elevated TAFI antigen levels form a risk factor for deep venous thrombosis and are to a high extend genetically determined. To establish the pathogenetic role of TAFI in BCS and PVT, we studied TAFI antigen levels and gene polymorphisms in patients with BCS, PVT and matched controls.Methods In a multicenter case-control study, 39 patients with BCS, 85 patients with PVT and 118 population-based controls were identified. Plasma levels of TAFI antigen were determined by a commercially available ELISA and polymorphisms of the TAFI gene (TAFI 505A/G and TAFI 1040C/T) were analysed by PCR. Because TAFI antigen levels are decreased in patients with impaired liver synthesis, plasma levels were corrected for antithrombin activity levels. ANOVA techniques were used to correlate TAFI polymorphisms with TAFI antigen levels.Results Mean plasma TAFI antigen levels were significantly lower in BCS and/or PVT patients as compared to controls, even after adjusting for impaired liver function by antithrombin activity levels (all p<0.002). There was a strong correlation between the TAFI 505 A/G and TAFI 1040 C/T polymorphisms and plasma TAFI antigen levels in all groups (all p<0.001). The G-allele of the 505A/G polymorphism was associated with a low antigen level of TAFI. Carriers of the GG genotype had an increased risk for BCS and/or PVT (OR=4.4; 95% CI 1.5–12.6). Carriers of the G allele showed a risk of 4.1 (95% CI 1.5–11.5). For the 1040C/T polymorphism, the T allele was associated with lower levels of TAFI antigen, and carriers of at least one copy of the T allele showed an OR of 1.6 (95% CI 0.9–2.7).Conclusion We found lower TAFI levels in patients with BCS and/or PVT than in healthy controls. In addition two TAFI genotypes, associated with lower TAFI antigen levels were found more frequently in patients with BCS and/or PVT than in healthy controls. Therefore low TAFI levels appear to be a risk factor for the development of BCS and PVT. These results suggest a different pathogenetic mechanism of TAFI in BCS and PVT than in deep venous thrombosis.

Endovascular and medical therapy of May-Thurner syndrome: Case series and scoping literature review.

May-Thurner syndrome has been recognized as a cause of chronic venous insufficiency and a trigger for venous thromboembolism. There is no consensus about the definition, diagnosis, and therapeutic approach. We are aiming to describe its characteristics and a scoping literature review. A retrospective review of patients with May-Thurner syndrome from March 2010 to May 2018 and scoping literature review were made. Seven patients were identified. All patients were female with a median age of 36 (20-60) years. The median time from the first symptom to diagnosis was 3.41 (0.01-9) years. The primary clinical presentation was post-thrombotic syndrome (4 patients). Six patients had at least one risk factor for deep venous thrombosis. All patients underwent angioplasty with stent; patients with acute deep venous thrombosis, furthermore mechanic thrombectomy with or without catheter-directed thrombolysis were done. There were three complications (one patient, lymphedema, and two venous stent thrombosis). Scoping review results were descriptively summarized. May-Thurner syndrome has a varied spectrum of clinical presentation, and clinical awareness is paramount for diagnosis. Its principal complication is the post-thrombotic syndrome, which is associated with high morbidity. There is no consensus on the antithrombotic treatment approach.

Risk for deep venous thrombosis in pediatric cancer patients undergoing surgery

PurposeCancer is a well-established risk factor for deep venous thrombosis (DVT). We sought to assess the incidence of DVT in pediatric cancer patients undergoing select surgical procedures at our institution and to identify additional factors associated with DVT development. MethodsWe performed a retrospective review of cancer patients who underwent select surgical procedures and developed a DVT within 30 days of their operation from 2000 to 2018 at our institution. Catheter-associated DVTs were excluded from this analysis. Major oncologic operations were selected. ResultsFrom 2000 to 2018, 3031 major oncologic operations were performed following which 14 symptomatic DVTs occurred, for an overall incidence of 0.46%. Procedures associated with post-operative DVT included: mass biopsy (7), pulmonary wedge resection (2), inguinal lymph node excision (1), colectomy (1), nephrectomy (1), lower extremity limb-sparing revision (1), and femur resection (1). ConclusionsOur data suggest that surgery does not put children with cancer at significant risk for DVT. Given the low incidence of perioperative DVT, routine pharmacologic prophylaxis for children with cancer undergoing surgery does not seem warranted.Level of Evidence: II

Incidence and risk factors for deep venous thrombosis of lower extremity after surgical treatment of isolated patella fractures

BackgroundLimited information exists on the incidence of postoperative deep venous thromboembolism (DVT) in patients with isolated patella fractures. The objective of this study was to investigate the postoperative incidence and locations of deep venous thrombosis (DVT) of the lower extremity in patients who underwent isolated patella fractures and identify the associated risk factors.MethodsMedical data of 716 hospitalized patients was collected. The patients had acute isolated patella fractures and were admitted at the 3rd Hospital of Hebei Medical University between January 1, 2016, and February 31, 2019. All patients met the inclusion criteria. Medical data was collected using the inpatient record system, which included the patient demographics, patient’s bad hobbies, comorbidities, past medical history, fracture and surgery-related factors, hematological biomarkers, total hospital stay, and preoperative stay. Doppler examination was conducted for the diagnosis of DVT. Univariate analyses and multivariate logistic regression analyses were used to identify the independent risk factors.ResultsAmong the 716 patients, DVT was confirmed in 29 cases, indicating an incidence of 4.1%. DVT involved bilateral limbs (injured and uninjured) in one patient (3.4%). DVT involved superficial femoral common vein in 1 case (3.4%), popliteal vein in 6 cases (20.7%), posterior tibial vein in 11 cases (37.9%), and peroneal vein in 11 cases (37.9%). The median of the interval between surgery and diagnosis of DVT was 4.0 days (range, 1.0-8.0 days). Six variables were identified to be independent risk factors for DVT which included age category (> 65 years old), OR, 4.44 (1.34-14.71); arrhythmia, OR, 4.41 (1.20-16.15); intra-operative blood loss, OR, 1.01 (1.00-1.02); preoperative stay (delay of each day), OR, 1.43 (1.15-1.78); surgical duration, OR, 1.04 (1.03-1.06); LDL-C (> 3.37 mmol/L), OR, 2.98 (1.14-7.76).ConclusionIncidence of postoperative DVT in patients with isolated patella fractures is substantial. More attentions should be paid on postoperative DVT prophylaxis in patients with isolated patella fractures. Identification of associated risk factors can help clinicians recognize the risk population, assess the risk of DVT, and develop personalized prophylaxis strategies.

Clinical Risk Factors and Perioperative Hematological Characteristics of Early Postoperative Symptomatic Deep Vein Thrombosis in Posterior Lumbar Spinal Surgery.

A retrospective analysis (2015-2019) of data collected from patients who underwent posterior lumbar spinal surgery. This study aims to identify the incidence, perioperative hematological characteristics, potential prognostic indicators, and risk factors of deep venous thrombosis (DVT) in the lower limbs after posterior lumbar spinal surgery. Eliminating risk factors or taking measures against patients at risk may reduce the incidence of DVT. Deep venous thromboses have been extensively studied in other reconstructive surgeries. Present literatures provide limited evidence for determining the prognostic and risk factors for this complication after spinal surgery. Patients who underwent posterior lumbar spinal surgery with internal fixation in the Spine Surgery Center of Peking Union Medical College Hospital (PUMCH) were evaluated. The patient demographics, the number of operative segments, the hematological and biochemical parameters on baseline and postoperative day 1, and the presence of DVTs were obtained from all patients. The diagnosis of DVT was established by venous ultrasound when symptomatic. A multivariate logistic regression test was subsequently performed to determine the prognostic indicators and risk factors for DVT. A total of 2053 patients who received lumbar spine procedures were qualified and included. Patients were followed up for 12 weeks. Early symptomatic DVT occurred in 58 individuals (2.39%; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.4-0.7%). Advanced age, higher preoperative serum D-dimer level, and lower serum potassium level were recognized as independent risk factors for symptomatic DVT. Multiple independent risk factors were identified for early symptomatic DVT after posterior lumbar spine surgery. Postoperative prophylactic anti-coagulation treatment might be warranted for patients with high D-dimer or low potassium levels before the procedure.Level of Evidence: 4.

Evaluation of Deep Vein Thrombosis Risk Factors After Arthroscopic Posterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction: A Retrospective Observational Study.

We evaluated the risk factors of deep venous thrombosis (DVT) after knee arthroscopic posterior cruciate ligament (PCL) reconstruction in patients with only PCL injury. From August 2014 to December 2020, a total of 172 patients who had accepted knee arthroscopic PCL reconstruction underwent the color Doppler ultrasound of bilateral lower-extremities deep veins on 3 days postoperatively. Based on the inspection results, patients were divided into DVT group (18 males and 8 females, mean age 43.62 years) and non-DVT group (108 males and 38 females, mean age 33.96 years). The potential associations of DVT risk and age, gender, body mass index (BMI), diabetes, hypertension, smoking and other factors were analyzed. An old age (OR = 1.090; 95% CI = 1.025-1.158; P = 0.006), a high BMI (OR = 1.509; 95% CI = 1.181-1.929; P = 0.001) and an increased post-surgery D-dimer (OR = 5.034; 95% CI = 2.091-12,117; P ≤ 0.001) value were significantly associated with an elevated DVT risk after knee arthroscopic PCL reconstruction. Increased age, BMI, and postoperative D-dimer were risk factors of DVT following knee arthroscopic PCL reconstruction in patients with only PCL injury.

Admission deep venous thrombosis of lower extremity after intertrochanteric fracture in the elderly: a retrospective cohort study

ObjectiveThe purpose of this study was to investigate the incidence, location, and related factors of deep venous thrombosis (DVT) of the bilateral lower extremities after intertrochanteric fractures in the elderly.MethodsRetrospective analysis was performed on the elderly patients with intertrochanteric fracture who were admitted from January 2017 to December 2019. At admission, patients receive routine ultrasound Doppler scanning of bilateral lower extremities to detect DVT; those with DVT were assigned to the case group and those without DVT to the control group. Patient data on demographics, comorbidities, injury-related data, and laboratory test results at admission were extracted. Logistic regression analyses were conducted to identify the independent risk factors associated with DVT.ResultsFive hundred seventy-eight patients were included, among whom 116 (20.1%) had DVT. Among those with DV, 70.7% (82/116) had DVT of the distal type, 24 (29.6%) had DVT of the proximal type, and 10 (10.4%) had mixed DVT. In 76.7% (89/116) of patients, DVT occurred in the fractured extremity, 9.5% (11/116) in the bilateral and 13.8% (16/116) in the non-fractured extremity. Multivariate analyses identified obesity, delay to admission, increased D-dimer level (> 1.44 mg/L) and reduced albumin (< 31.7 g/L) as independent factors.ConclusionsAdmission incidence of DVT was high in elderly patients with intertrochanteric fractures, especially the proximal DVT. Identification of associated risk factors is useful for individualized assessment risk of DVT and early targeted interventions.

An Eminent Absence: Agenesis of Inferior Vena Cava Underlying Bilateral Iliac Vein Thrombosis

Agenesis of the inferior vena cava is a rare risk factor for deep venous thrombosis.Agenesis of the inferior vena cava requires lifetime follow-up and treatment.Idiopathic deep venous thrombosis, especially in young patients, requires additional diagnostic investigation that considers congenital anomalies.

INFERIOR VENA CAVA AGENESIS: ANATOMICAL VARIANT AS CAUSE OF RECURRENT DVT

SESSION TITLE: Medical Student/Resident Pulmonary Vascular Disease Posters SESSION TYPE: Med Student/Res Case Rep Postr PRESENTED ON: October 18-21, 2020 INTRODUCTION: Abnormalities of the inferior vena cava (IVC) are rare causes of deep venous thrombosis (DVT). The clinical presentation is often similar to that of an inherited hypercoagulabe condition. CASE PRESENTATION: A 27-year-old man with a past medical history of premature birth presented to the emergency department (ED) with left lower extremity (LLE) tightness and pain for one day. He had no history of recent travel and family history was negative for clotting disorders. Ultrasound (US) of the left leg showed an occlusive thrombus from the left common femoral to the left popliteal vein. The patient was discharged from the ED on rivaroxaban. Two weeks later, he presented to the ED again with progressive LLE swelling despite medication compliance. Physical exam was negative for testicular masses. Interventional Radiology (IR) performed a LLE venogram, which showed thrombus extention to the common iliac vein. US-assisted catheter thrombolysis (EKOS) was initiated. Heparin infusion was started and the patient was transferred to the intensive care unit. Repeat visualization the following day revealed improved clot in the left femoral and external iliac veins and a chronically thrombosed left common iliac vein. LLE pain and swelling improved and EKOS was discontinued twenty-four hours later. Hypercoagulability work-up was negative except for lupus anti-coagulant, the significance of which was difficult to determine, given prior anticoagulant exposure. On discharge, the patient was transitioned back to rivaroxaban. Five days later, the patient presented to the ED again with worsening LLE pain and swelling after initial improvement. Repeat venous US showed occlusive thrombus throughout much of the left femoral vein with only some flow at the distal aspect. An inferior vena cavogram revealed agenesis of the IVC with azygous continuation. CT angiogram of the abdomen and pelvis confirmed an occluded infra-renal IVC secondary to atresia. Patient was discharged on indefinite rivaroxaban therapy. DISCUSSION: This patient presented with an unprovoked DVT involving the common iliac vein that extended despite appropriate anticoagulation. Eventually, a venogram revealed agenesis of the IVC as the predisposing risk factor. In this condition, venous stasis presumably leads to increased risk of clotting. While bilateral DVTs are rare in the general population (approximately 10% of cases), they have been described in up to three quarters of patients with IVC abnormalities. This patient however, had extensive unilateral clot burden, usually seen in more distal anatomical abnormalities, such as May-Thurner syndrome. His premature birth likely predisposed him for an anatomical malformation. CONCLUSIONS: Unprovoked DVT in a young patient, recurrent DVTs despite medication compliance, and occlusion of the iliac veins, should raise suspicion for anatomical abnormalities, such as IVC atresia. Reference #1: 1. Chee YL, Culligan DJ, Watson HG. Inferior vena cava malformation as a risk factor for deep venous thrombosis in the young. Br J Haematol. 2001;114(4):878. Reference #2: 2. Ruggeri M, Tosetto A, Castaman G, Rodeghiero F. Congenital absence of the inferior vena cava: a rare risk factor for idiopathic deep-vein thrombosis. Lancet. 2001;357(9254):441. Reference #3: 3. Hamoud S, Nitecky S, Engel A, Goldsher D, Hayek T. Hypoplasia of the inferior vena cava with azygous continuation presenting as recurrent leg deep vein thrombosis. Am J Med Sci. 2000;319(6):414. DISCLOSURES: No relevant relationships by Amy Cohen, source=Web Response No relevant relationships by David Cohen, source=Web Response No relevant relationships by Aaron Dickinson, source=Web Response No relevant relationships by Mouhanned Eliliwi, source=Web Response No relevant relationships by Jennifer Meyfeldt, source=Web Response

Recurrent PROC and novel PROS1 mutations in Vietnamese patients diagnosed with idiopathic deep venous thrombosis.

Genetic mutations of PROC and PROS1 are well-known risk factors for deep venous thrombosis (DVT) in the Asian population. However, the genetic profile of Vietnamese patients with DVT remains elusive. This study aimed to investigate the spectrum of genetic mutations of these two genes in Vietnamese patients diagnosed with idiopathic DVT. A total of 50 Vietnamese patients diagnosed with idiopathic DVT were recruited in this study. The entire coding regions of the protein C and protein S genes were amplified and directly sequenced to determine genetic alterations. Four and six genetic mutations were detected in protein C and protein S genes, respectively, in 24 Vietnamese DVT patients. PROC c.565C>T (p.R189W) was the most common mutation found in 13 out of 50 patients, while the mutations of PROS1 comprised three missense and three nonsense variants which diffuse along the gene. This study shows that mutations of protein C and protein S genes are prevalent in Vietnamese patients diagnosed with idiopathic DVT, and PROC c.565C>T (p.R189W) was the most common genetic alteration.

Prospective study of relationship between deep vein thrombosis and homocysteine related group B vitamins

Introduction: Hyper homocysteinemia has been considered as a potential risk factor for deep venous thrombosis (DVT) but it is still controversy. This study was aimed to assess the prevalence of hyper homocysteinemia in our population with DVT. Our second objective was to document the prevalence of folate, Vitamin B6, and Vitamin B12 level in this patient population. Results: Mean serum homocysteine levels among DVT patients was 15.12±5.47 μmol/L. Most of the patients of DVT were from 41-60 years of age group with mean age being 50.11±13.66 years. Of all the patients, 15 patients had homocysteine level above the 15 µmol/L, 22 had folic acid level below 3 ng/ml, 14 had vitamin B12 level below 150 pmol/L, and 3 had vitamin B6 level below 30 nmol/L. In the hyper homocysteinemic group, eleven patients had low folic acid level, ten had low vitamin B12 level and two had low vitamin B6 level.Conclusions: Hyper homocysteinemia and related Vitamin B group deficiency are risk factors for Deep vein thrombosis. Hyper homocysteinemia and risk of DVT, this correlation is high among older age group and female patients.