Factor In Economic Development Research Articles

Cultural or Economic Nation? The Concept of “Cultural Economy” in the Contemporary Germany‘s Political Discourse

The conceptualization and dissemination of the concept of “cultural economics” has significantly influenced the idea of culture in Germany. In recent decades, culture is increasingly represented as one of the most important factors of economic development, whereas cultural economy as one of the most significant economic sectors with a large number of employees and impressive revenues. Based on the methodology of historical semantics and historical sociology, the article provides a multifaceted study of the concept of “cultural economics”. The concept has become an indicator and driver of the revision of cultural policy in Germany in recent decades, which has led to significant changes in both institutional design and discourse about culture. The introduction of this concept into the election campaign texts of the largest political parties in Germany entailed a modification of the political discourse about culture. This has led to the fact that sections of election programs dedicated to culture increasingly contain financial, economic and industrial vocabulary. Such changes in the political discourse about culture have led to a new contextualization, resemantization and a change in the relationship between the basic concepts of “cultural nation” and “economic nation” in relation to contemporary Germany.

Preduzetnički potencijali u BiH u kontekstu aktuelnih socio-ekonomskih kretanja

This paper explores the pivotal role of entrepreneurship in economic development and the maintenance of a stable social structure. Entrepreneurship, as a combination of labor, creativity, capital, and technology, generates innovative products, services, and socioeconomic activities, becoming increasingly significant in post-industrial societies. Its efficiency, particularly in the development of small businesses, is becoming crucial in mitigating the influence of the corporate world. In the specific context of Bosnia and Herzegovina, entrepreneurial spirit and the potential of citizens emerge as key factors for economic development and social stability. The paper utilizes a theoretical framework encompassing the characteristics of entrepreneurship, along with social, economic, cultural, and educational assumptions for its development, aligning them with the current socioeconomic conditions in the country. Empirical research analyzes the motives, ambitions, and readiness of citizens to initiate their own entrepreneurship in Bosnia and Herzegovina, with a specific focus on unemployed youth and their social integration as drivers of socioeconomic development.

ОКРЕМІ АСПЕКТИ ІНСТИТУЦІОНАЛІЗАЦІЇ ЕКОНОМІЧНОГО РОЗВИТКУ ЦИФРОВОГО СУСПІЛЬСТВА

The article analyses the creation of inclusive institutions to ensure economic development. The authors aim to identify the institutional factors of economic development that have emerged as a result of digitalisation and determine the emergence of inclusive institutions in the digital society in Ukraine. Attention is focused on those phenomena and processes related to the economic sphere that determine the emergence of characteristic (attributive) features of a digital society: the role of digitalisation in economic development, factors of institutionalisation of a digital society, and institutional support for economic development. The article considers the content and features of the digital society, internal institutional transformations, and the impact of socio-cultural factors on institutionalisation. It is proved that digitalisation has become an instrument of virtual socialisation and institutionalisation, accumulation of institutional and socio-cultural potential of the digital society. The author highlights the technological aspect of institutionalisation and institutional features of the digital society formed as a result of the use of digital information networks. The factors that reduce the disparities in the internal socio-economic structures and incomes of people are identified. The role of digitalisation and informatisation in the processes of socio-cultural change is shown. It is proved that the institutionalisation of a new system of social values, the increase in social and creative capabilities of a person, the spread of virtual forms of labour organisation are associated with the use of a computer as a widely available means of production. The factors that weaken social ties in the digital society and are associated with the deepening of social differentiation are identified. The role of digitalisation in the process of institutionalisation and formation of inclusive development institutions is shown. The prospects for economic and social development are determined by the transformation of political and economic institutions towards greater pluralism. Institutional changes are considered in the context of the processes of continuous historical struggle between exclusive and inclusive institutions to form a new institutional structure of the digital society.

Digital Energy as a Factor of Economic Development of the Region

The greatest soviet Slavic linguist made a revolutionary discovery in linguistics, especially in Indo-European linguistics, proving the distant kinship of the more explored macro-families of languages at that time. The merit of V.M. Illich-Svitych is that he gave the scientific form to the Nostratic hypothesis, i.e. he established systemic patterns between reconstructions. Further research in Nostratic linguistics should lead linguists to prove the theory of language monogenesis. Many linguists have not accepted this hypothesis, including most of the Western scholars. The main burden of proving the distant relationship of macro-families falls on the shoulders of the Moscow School of Comparative Studies and the like-minded collegues of V.M. Illich-Svitych. Today, when the Moscow School of Comparative Studies created several Internet projects and websites to expand etymological and linguistic databases, everything is in favor of the monogenesis hypothesis.

Foreign Economic Strategy and Innovative Economic Development of Uzbekistan

In the concept of socio-economic development of Uzbekistan until 2030, a macroeconomic policy aimed at ensuring sustainable economic growth and fighting against poverty, as well as increasing the competitiveness of national exports is recognized as an important economic basis. Successful implementation of the Concept of integrated socio-economic development of the Republic of Uzbekistan until 2030, as well as Development Strategy of New Uzbekistan for 2022-2026 undoubtedly, require significant attention to external factors of economic development, including promotion of competitive exports. Today the issue of regulation of global socio-economic processes is one of the most important issues at the international level. The World Trade Organization (WTO), as a legal and institutional body of the multilateral trading system, is an international organization that enjoys differen advantages in the process of free goods exchange. At present, 164 countries are members of this organization, and the accession of Uzbekistan to the World Trade Organization (WTO) has caused a variety of observations among experts and scientists.

Digitalization as a factor of economic development of rail transport

The article examines the economic development of railway transport on the example of JSC “Russian Railways” as part of the implementation of “Russia’s Railway Transport Development Strategy 2030”. There are formulated the main objectives of this strategy and the main directions of its implementation with the “Digital Railway” project. The connection of the digital railway with the digital economy is revealed through the analysis of the company’s performance over the last three years of the “Digital Railway” project implementation. The vector for further development of railway transport digitalization is designated.

ФІНАНСОВЕ ЗАБЕЗПЕЧЕННЯ ЗАКЛАДІВ ВИЩОЇ ОСВІТИ: ЗАРУБІЖНИЙ ДОСВІД

The competitiveness of the national economy in the modern system of the world economy depends on the level of development of national science. Therefore, a sufficient level of appropriations for science is one of the main conditions for the effective use of scientific potential as a leading factor of economic development. In the knowledge economy, public funding of science is seen as an investment in the future, which will ultimately bring high dividends to society as a whole. In order to function successfully, the field of education needs to be provided with sufficient amounts of financial resources. Education finance is a system of monetary relations regarding the formation, distribution and use of various financial resources or funds of funds. As a result of the implementation of these relations in educational activity, various funds of financial resources are formed, the purpose of which is to ensure the effective functioning of institutions of the education system. In recent decades, the financing of higher education has undergone significant changes throughout the world. In general, these changes are caused by the fact that the costs of financial support for higher education increase every year, and the rate of growth of higher education costs does not provide an opportunity to meet all needs. Accordingly, the majority of higher education institutions in the world began to face the problem of lack of financial resources for the implementation of educational activities. The main problem turned out to be that the needs for resources were growing rapidly, while the financial support of the state remained unchanged or even decreased. The article examines the peculiarities of financial provision of higher education in economically developed countries. The interdependence of the financial provision of higher education and the level of economic development of the state is substantiated. The problems of financing higher education in Ukraine and the countries of the world were studied; ways of diversifying sources of financial resources of higher educational institutions; state and trends of expenditures on higher education in the countries of the world. Proposals for improving the financial provision of higher education institutions in Ukraine have been submitted.

Cognitive analysis of sustainable regional economic growth factors

In modern conditions of digital transformation of the economy, the task of ensuring sustainable, balanced growth of the region as a complex socio-economic system acquires a special role. One of the important areas of study of socio-economic systems is the analysis of patterns and trends in their development. The region should be considered as a complex system, consisting of a set of its subsystems and elements with many links. In order to solve this problem, we propose to use a cognitive approach to the study of the factors of sustainable economic growth of the region. This approach allows us to develop formalized models of interaction between various factors of complex, weakly structured systems. The aim of this research is to carry out a cognitive analysis of interregional and external factors of economic development, which allows highlighting their spatial location and the threats and risks of regional growth. Four resultant indicators of sustainable economic growth in the region are identified, and factor attributes are grouped into economic, social, demographic, and digital transformation indicators. The target factors of the cognitive map are defined, the connectivity analysis is carried out and the process of perturbation propagation in the graph is studied, which allows identifying the reserves for achieving sustainable economic growth in the region. The results of the study are explained in the cognitive maps of the interconnectedness of the region’s growth factors.

Структурные компоненты и факторы развития регионального человеческого капитала

Human capital is both the main factor of economic development and the goal of the society. Education, culture and healthcare form the foundation for the growth and development of human capital, which contributes to the growth of labor productivity, social progress and economic recovery. It is especially significant in the regional dimension from the position of overcoming the imbalances of social and economic development of individual territories of the country. The article analyzes the main components of human capital, assesses the factors determining the possibility of accumulation and development of regional human capital. The results of the research helped identify creative and cultural capital as a part of main elements of human capital and justify the priority of regional programs in ensuring its development.

Falconry as a type of active tourism in Kazakhstan and the world

This article presents an overview of the current problem of modern Kazakhstan - the state of the promising industry of active tourism - "falconry". For a more complete understanding of the need for further development of this tourism industry, we turned to the coverage of the above-mentioned topic on the example of other countries where falconry has reached a high level of development today. After all, for the Republic of Kazakhstan, falconry is not only a powerful factor of economic development, an important component of maintaining a healthy lifestyle, the opportunity to manifest one's art in this hunt, unity with nature, a fascinating spectacle, the possibility of closer intra-republican and international communication, an activity that sharply throws adrenaline, but also an opportunity to preserve the tradition of ancestors and pass on to the next generation. Cash injections of tourists will help improve the economic situation of the country, create new jobs and conditions for the development of sustainable tourism.

Factors of Identity Loss in Buraydah City Saudi Arabia

Buraydah, a small Saudi Arabian city, has transformed rapidly in the last few decades. This transformation has occurred due to economic growth, population growth, infrastructural development, and environmental factors. The urban identity is shaped by cultural patterns and the regional diversity within its fabric. Historical sites that retain architectural traits from their respective eras play a significant role in transmitting urban identity to future generations. However, when individuals disregard traditional identities in search of modernism and urbanization, dramatic changes occur in the physical structure, social-spatial pattern, socio-economic structure, and socio-cultural structure of the city. All of these have dramatically altered the city’s identity, which historically took a long time to develop. While the historic sites in the city that have been demolished for expansion and development, also cause the city to lose its identity. This study's objective is to investigate the cause of the changes in identity in Buraydah city. For this purpose, relevant literature was reviewed to identify and address the research objectives and examine the urban and architectural identity concepts, while the comparative study of archival materials with site investigation and survey was conducted in the practical aspect. The result of the study identifies certain factors that contributed to the loss of identity of the city.

The Technological Hazard – A Factor for Modeling the Industrial Cultural Landscape in Ocna Mureș

"The Technological Hazard – A Factor for Modeling the Industrial Cultural Landscape in Ocna Mureș. It is well known that an exploitable resource is a potential factor of social attraction and economic development Thus, concretely the salt resource present in the underground of Ocna Mureș facilitated its exploitation from the first moments of discovery and the construction of a specific industry with the technological evolution at global level and finding out the various possibilities of processing and capitalization. At the same time, it brings into question the transformations that have taken place within the local cultural landscape, in a fortuitous and irreversible way with the chained manifestation of a complex of unforeseen factors in the form of hazards. Therefore, the study in question presents technological hazard as an opportunity for the emergence and development of new cultural elements designed to open up other possibilities for capitalization. Keywords: Ocna Mureș, hazard, resource, anthropo-saline lakes, industrial cultural landscape. "

Investment in Education as a Factor of Economic Growth of the Country

One of the main factors of economic growth and competitiveness in countries and regions is investment in human capital. Improving the quality of human capital is carried out by accumulating, preserving and improving the knowledge, skills and abilities acquired by a person for the implementation of set goals and strategies.
 Investments in human capital include not only the costs of obtaining a quality education, but also the costs of migration and job search by people. The main direction of investment in human capital is investment in education.
 Improving the competitiveness and standard of living of the population is the main condition for the development and use of the latest innovative technologies in all spheres of the economy, including education. The topic of the article is relevant due to the fact that the quality of education depends on various factors, especially on attracting investment in education.
 The purpose of the research topic is to reflect the importance and necessity of investing in investments in education as the main factor in the economic development of the country .
 To achieve this goal , the following tasks are set:
 - consideration of the essence of investment in education;
 - justification of the need to invest in education;
 - disclosure of the prospects for investing in education.
 To improve the quality of education at the level of states and regions, it is necessary to attract both foreign and domestic investments.
 The results of the study. Based on the conducted research, the results of the study are considered, the main of which are the following: investing in education as the main factor of economic development of countries and regions; carrying out systematic work to determine the most popular specialties and professions in accordance with the requirements of the labor market; the introduction of dual training, which is the maximum convergence of theoretical training with practice, etc.

FACTORS OF ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT: THEORETICAL APPROACHES

The article discusses theoretical approaches to the factors of economic development. These approaches include theories that were created as a result of the search for the causes of differentiation in development rates and that recognize that the most important thing for development is the mobilization of the region's internal potentials. The authors analyze four concepts: New Economic Geography, Evolutionary Economics, Sustainable Development, and Intellectual Specialization. The new economic geography considers spatial relations not as one of many, but as the main factor determining socio-economic processes of growth and development. According to the concept, the main role is played by two internal forces that cause the processes of concentration and deconcentration of human/economic activity, and the result of these forces is the formation and development of agglomeration. Evolutionary economics is one of the most modern theories of economic growth and development. This theory describes economic processes by analogy with evolutionary processes in nature. Three features distinguishing it from other theories are indicated: the concept of equilibrium, the dynamics of processes, and the characteristics of business entities. The concept pays special attention to such properties as diversity, complexity, and uncertainty of socio-economic processes, which are necessary conditions for development and for development. Sustainable development is an extension of the neoliberal paradigm. Economic development is still in the forefront here, but social and environmental factors are taken into account to preserve the foundations of life and development for present and future generations. The subject of sustainable development economics is management in the society-economy-environment system. The concept of intellectual specialization is a new approach in the European Union's policy, which has become a key element of its regional policy. The strategy includes three interrelated priorities: smart growth; sustainable development; and inclusive inclusion. The aim of the strategy is to develop an individual approach for each region in all EU countries to overcome the recession and ensure long-term development.

ASPECTS OF THE STRATEGIC DEVELOPMENT OF THE REGION'S ECONOMY

The article provides a theoretical analysis of strategic factors in the regional economic development. This analysis will help to give a clearer insight into the way a region develops economically in the process of updating its strategic factors. The relevance of the research topic is due to the fact that there is a lack of structured scientific information in covering the features in the formation of strategic factors in the development of the region's economy. Objectification and a relevant analysis of problems will help to give a clearer insight into the way the economy will develop in the regions of the country in the nearest future, taking into account various factors that have a significant impact on it. The purpose of the article is to compile a generalized representation reflecting current strategic state of the region's economic development. in order to conduct the most complete analysis of strategic factors related to the development of network and reproduction processes in the economy of the country's regions, expert and relevant methods were used when writing the article. The theoretical value of the materials presented in this article is that they deepen the knowledge of the laws underlying the strategic development of the economy in the regions. in practice, they can be used in developing federal and regional strategic programs, for adopting certain measures to develop branches of industry. Based on the analysis, it is concluded that the strategic development of the regional economy in recent years has become more intensive than earlier, but economic actors as initiators of introducing integral reproduction processes react slowly to innovations and are rarely able to create them themselves.

STUDY OF FACTORS AFFECTING THE EFFICIENCY OF EDUCATIONAL ACTIVITIES OF TRAINING SPECIALISTS IN ECONOMICS BASED ON THE APPLICATION OF INTERNET PLATFORMS

Modern extraordinary conditions, characterized by the accumulation of negative effects of external and internal factors, the consequences of the COVID-19 pandemic, require a rethinking of approaches to the organization of educational activities, in particular in the field of training specialists in economics. There is a growing importance of distance education in the world with the use of modern information technologies. Along with this, there is a decrease in the readiness and level of training of specialists regarding the possibilities of implementation to the presented conditions and countering the influence of modern factors of economic development. In such conditions, the development of directions and transformation of educational components regarding the training of economics specialists is an urgent issue. Approaches to the formation and implementation of online education are determined, which are determined by the directions of formation of its value; terms of providing educational services; development of author's courses; number of entrants, functional areas of the educational process. The considered Internet platforms form a modern basis for ensuring the educational process. In addition, the highlighted features allow to implement them in the domestic educational process. For the implementation of the presented platforms, complex characteristics are determined for the formation of practical aspects and training of specialists: technical, technological, economic, environmental. Internet platforms provide opportunities for timely and complete access to information resources. Thus, the study of the factors affecting the effectiveness of the educational activity of training economics specialists based on the use of Internet platforms is an important issue, the solution of which allows you to give impetus to the development of economic relations. Keywords: education, Internet platform, Internet technologies, stakeholder relations.

How do heterogeneous environmental regulations affect the sustainable development of marine green economy? Empirical evidence from China's coastal areas

Under the dual constraints of environment and resources, it is imperative for China to achieve sustainable development of its marine economy through establishing effective mechanisms and intensifying environmental regulations to promote green transformation of the marine economy. By incorporating both marine economic development factors and environmental pollution factors into the marine green economy development evaluation system, this study measures the marine green economic efficiency (MGEE) in China. On this basis, the dynamic panel smoothed transition regression model is used to analyze the nonlinear effect and transition mechanisms between environmental regulation and marine green economic efficiency, and the heterogeneous effects of market-based and command-and-control environmental regulation tools are examined by distinguishing the forms of environmental regulation as well as regional development differences. The findings are as follows: ①under the setting of different transition variables, both market-based environmental regulation (MER) and command-and-control environmental regulation (CER) exhibit a non-linear relationship with MGEE during the transition between the high regime and the low regime. ②Both CER and MER contribute positively to the advancement of MGEE after exceeding certain thresholds through changes in the marine industry structure (MIS) and marine technology innovation (MTI). The driving impact of CER is noticeably stronger than that of MER after the threshold of MIS is exceeded, whereas the driving effect of MER is stronger after the threshold of MTI is exceeded. ③When foreign direct investment (FDI) is considered as the transition variable, CER consistently inhibits the growth of MGEE, however, MER's impact progressively changes from negative to positive with FDI surpassing the threshold.

FINANCING ROMANIAN SMES – CHALLENGES AND OPPORTUNITIES DURING THE PANDEMIC CRISIS

The small and medium-sized enterprise sector (SMEs) is considered an essential factor for growth and economic development. But despite its economic, social and innovative role, the SME sector is confronting with many vulnerabilities. Access to finance represent one of the main problems facing the SME sector. The new economic context imposed by the pandemic crisis has further highlighted these vulnerabilities and imposed new solutions for resilience and post-crisis recovery. The paper presents the characteristics and evolutions of the Romanian SMEs, the effects generated by the crisis on small and medium enterprises, the main measures adopted to support and to provide liquidity for SMEs affected by the crisis. This challenge comes both with restrictions and negative aspects, but also with some positive aspects, which can be turned into real opportunities for this sector so important in the economy. The main sources of finance for the Romanian SME sector as well as the major financing programs and instruments at the national and European level are analyzed in light of the role that financing plays in supporting and developing small and medium-sized enterprises. The measures adopted (greater financing flexibility, credit guarantees, public and private investment), the financing programs and instruments but also ensuring a stable legal and juridical framework, can contribute to the development of SME sector in Romania, after the pandemic crisis.

International Trade as a Key Factor for Sustainable Economic Development

International Trade as a Key Factor for Sustainable Economic Development

ЗАБЕЗПЕЧЕННЯ НАДІЙНОСТІ ПЕРСОНАЛУ ЯК ФАКТОР ПІДВИЩЕННЯ КОНКУРЕНТОСПРОМОЖНОСТІ В УМОВАХ ЄВРОІНТЕГРАЦІЇ

Competitiveness is one of the most important categories of the market economy. The article defines the concepts of "competitiveness", "competitiveness of the enterprise", "competitiveness of personnel", and also considers the evolution of the concept of "competitiveness" in accordance with the main approaches of economists. The internal and external factors influencing the increase in the competitiveness of the personnel of transport enterprises are indicated. Important for the competitiveness of transport enterprises, together with the technologies and methods of production organization, are the availability of professional personnel, the level of motivation, working conditions, as well as the effect of various factors that ensure the level of competitiveness of employees. The need for personnel development as a factor in increasing the efficiency of transport enterprises is substantiated. An analysis of existing approaches to determining the competitiveness of personnel was carried out. Defining the concept of personnel competitiveness, highlighting its clear characteristics and properties, factors of formation and development of personnel competitiveness, determining the directions of its development at the expense of ensuring the reliability of employees. European economic integration is one of the determining factors of modern economic development. With the need for the transition of Ukraine's economy to a post-industrial development model, its digitization and robotization, there is a need for new approaches to the formation of knowledge, abilities, skills, and competencies of personnel. In particular, in the use of the competence approach, which is directly related to changes in the nature and content of work, as well as changes in the spheres of education and professional training. Especially relevant today is the identification and involvement of the unused capabilities of employees (intellectual, psychophysiological, qualification, etc.), determining the efficiency of the enterprise and its ability to compete on the market. Taking this into account, it is necessary to talk about such quality of personnel as competitiveness.