Decision Factors Research Articles

Laparoscopic salpingostomy for two types of hydrosalpinx: a step-by-step video tutorial

This study aims to illustrate our laparoscopic salpingostomy approach for two types of hydrosalpinx, emphasizing various reproductive surgical techniques. A step-by-step demonstration of the technique is provided alongside narrated video footage. University hospital. Infertile patients with hydrosalpinx seeking natural conception. Laparoscopic salpingostomy for clubbed hydrosalpinx is demonstrated with video and includes the following steps: 1) creating an opening into the tube at the terminal end for hydrosalpingeal fluid drainage; 2) dissecting and removing peritubal and periovarian adhesions; 3) excising redundant fimbrial tissues to restore fimbrial mobility; 4) evert the mucosa using an intussusception method until endothelial folds are visible; 5) confirming tubal patency with a dye test; 6) heating the serosal surface of the tube to evert the edges; 7) suturing the edges using 6-0 vicryl to the proximal serosa of the tube circumferentially with an inverting suture technique; 8) thoroughly irrigating with Ringer's solution to remove blood clots and debris; and 9) applying auto-crosslinked hyaluronan gel to the exposed raw surface. Salpingostomy for the cystic type differs, notably in carefully shaving the adhesive tubal end from the ovary until the tubo-ovarian ligament is completely exposed. The primary aim of salpingostomy is to reduce the likelihood of distal tube re-obstruction. If hydrosalpinx recurs after salpingostomy, there remains a possibility of requiring additional surgery, such as salpingectomy, prior to IVF. (s): Extensive adhesions were meticulously dissected and removed from the peritoneal cavity. Fimbrial mobility was restored to establish a patent fallopian tube capable of ovum pickup. Electrocoagulation and suturing techniques were employed to evert the tube edges, effectively reducing the risk of re-obstruction. The utilization of an inverting suture technique aided in inwardly turning the cut edges, minimizing the risk of adhesion formation. Laparoscopic salpingostomy, when performed by surgeons proficient in reproductive surgical techniques, provides a significant option for patients with hydrosalpinx seeking natural conception. The decision to preform salpingostomy or salpingectomy is usually made intraoperatively on the basis of the severity of tubal disease. Clinical history is also an important factor in decision to perform salpingostomy.

Assessing Medical Students' Understanding of Do-Not-Resuscitate (DNR) Orders.

The evolution of medical directives surrounding cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) has led to the prominence of do-not-resuscitate (DNR) orders. These orders aim to respect patient autonomy and ensure dignified end-of-life care. While regulations in the United States emphasize patient choice and comprehensive discussions, Saudi Arabia's approach to DNR orders integrates Islamic principles alongside expert medical judgment. This study aimed to assess the awareness and comprehension of DNR orders among medical students at Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah, Saudi Arabia. This study employed a cross-sectional design at Umm Al-Qura University in 2023. Convenience sampling yielded a sample of 145 participants, encompassing medical students from all years (first-sixth) and medical interns. A self-administered online questionnaire assessed participants' knowledge, beliefs, and attitudes regarding DNR orders. The questionnaire specifically addressed their familiarity with DNR orders, their understanding of the Islamic perspective on DNR, and the factors influencing their attitudes toward DNR. Results: The majority of respondents (62%) were familiar with the term "DNR," but only 52% correctly defined it. Social media was the primary source of information about DNR for most respondents (56%). A significant portion of respondents (60.7%) agreed with the concept of DNR, and 54% had personal experience with the term. Patient dignity (54%), religious concerns (66.7%), and legal concerns (60.7%) were identified as important factors in DNR decisions. A majority of respondents (67%) agreed that it is acceptable to discontinue life support for DNR patients, and 49.3% believed that organ donation should be encouraged among patient families. The study found that as medical students progressed through their training (from pre-clinical to clinical years and internship), their acceptance and understanding of DNR orders generally increased. The study found that medical students possess some basic familiarity with DNR orders, but there is considerable room for advancement in their comprehension and acceptance of the topic. Addressing these knowledge gaps may lead to improved patient outcomes. The findings also underscore the need to equip future physicians with a comprehensive understanding of DNR orders, their ethical ramifications, and effective communication strategies for engaging with patients and their families.

The importance of transportation in the Slovakia-Vietnam business decisions about the importing or exporting of goods

Globalization and geographic fragmentation of global manufacturing processes have characterized the expansion of international trade. As a result, supply chains have grown longer and more complex, making transportation a key factor in business decisions about the export or import of goods. By analysing the export and import of merchandise between Slovakia and Vietnam, this paper aims to determine the best mode of transportation in terms of transport modalities. To put it another way, it uses a case study, LPI index and results of primary research to identify qualitative transport indicators when the companies import or export goods from Vietnam to Slovakia. We also focused on examining the macroeconomics factors - agreements between European Union (Slovakia as a member of the EU) and Vietnam, which affect the international trade.

Impact of bedaquiline resistance probability on treatment decision for rifampicin-resistant TB

<sec><title>BACKGROUND</title>Accurate diagnosis of bedaquiline (BDQ) resistance remains challenging. A Bayesian approach expresses this uncertainty as a probability of BDQ resistance (prBDQR) with a 95% credible interval. We investigated how prBDQR information influences BDQ prescribing decisions.</sec><sec><title>METHOD</title>We performed a discrete choice experiment with 55 international rifampicin-resistant tuberculosis physicians. We employed mixed-effects multinomial logistic regression to quantify the effect of prBDQR, patient attributes, and contextual factors on the decision to continue BDQ or not when sequencing results become available.</sec><sec><title>RESULTS</title>PrBDQR was the most influential factor for BDQ decision-making, three times greater than treatment response. Each percentage point increase in prBDQR resulted in 8.2% lower odds (OR 0.92, 95% CI 0.90–0.93) of continuing BDQ as a fully effective drug and 5.0% lower odds (OR 0.95, 95% CI 0.94–0.96) of continuing it but not counting it as an effective drug. The most favourable patient profile for prescribing BDQ as a fully effective drug was a patient receiving the BPaLM regimen (BDQ, pretomanid, linezolid and moxifloxacin) with low prBDQR, good 1-month treatment response, fluoroquinolone-susceptible TB, and no prior BDQ treatment. Physicians with higher discomfort with uncertainty and more years of experience with BDQ were more inclined to stop BDQ.</sec><sec><title>CONCLUSION</title>Given the uncertainty of genotype-phenotype associations, physicians valued prBDQR for BDQ decision-making in rifampicin-resistant TB treatment.</sec>

THE IMPACT OF MARTIAL LAW ON MANAGEMENT DECISIONS REGARDING ENSURING THE FINANCIAL SECURITY OF ENTERPRISES

The aim of this article is to present an approach to assessing the most significant negative factors that have arisen as a result of the introduction of martial law on the decision-making system and the implementation of managerial decisions in the context of ensuring the financial security of a modern enterprise. For this purpose, the object of research is the financial security of machine-building enterprises. A review of the literature has shown that a significant number of scientific papers today aim to present ways to increase the level of financial security, but not all of them understand that the most significant need of the subjects of financial support of machine-building enterprises is the assessment and consideration of negative factors in decision-making. Thus, the scientific task was to present a theoretical and methodological approach to assessing the negative factors of martial law on the management of financial security of a modern Ukrainian enterprise in the field of mechanical engineering. The problem was solved using the methods of system and hierarchical analysis, graph theory and on the basis of expert assessments. As a result, we presented step-by-step instructions on how to assess the negative factors and identified the most significant of them, the consideration of which is critically important in the process of managing the financial security of a modern Ukrainian machine-building enterprise. Prospects for further research will be based on expanding this list and narrowing the focus on the internal processes of machine-building enterprises.

Determinants of successful disease control through voluntary quarantine dynamics on social networks

In the wake of epidemics, quarantine measures are typically recommended by health authorities or governments to help control the spread of the disease. Compared with mandatory quarantine, voluntary quarantine offers individuals the liberty to decide whether to isolate themselves in case of infection exposure, driven by their personal assessment of the trade-off between economic loss and health risks as well as their own sense of social responsibility and concern for public health. To better understand self-motivated health behavior choices under these factors, here we incorporate voluntary quarantine into an endemic disease model – the susceptible–infected–susceptible (SIS) model – and perform comprehensive agent-based simulations to characterize the resulting behavior-disease interactions in structured populations. We quantify the conditions under which voluntary quarantine will be an effective intervention measure to mitigate disease burden. Furthermore, we demonstrate how individual decision-making factors, including the level of temptation to refrain from quarantine and the degree of social compassion, impact compliance levels of voluntary quarantines and the consequent collective disease mitigation efforts. We find that successful disease control requires either a sufficiently low level of temptation or a sufficiently high degree of social compassion, such that even complete containment of the epidemic is attainable. In addition to well-mixed populations, we have also analyzed other more realistic social networks of contacts, including spatial lattices, small-world networks, and real social networks. Our work offers new insights into the fundamental social dilemma aspect of disease control through non-pharmaceutical interventions, such as voluntary quarantine and isolation, where the collective outcome of individual decision-making is crucial.

Analysis of Factors Influencing Customers' Decision to Choose Wadiah Savings Products

This study aims to analyze product knowledge, benefit perception, promotion, and motivation factors as factors in customers' decision to choose wadiah savings products at Sharia Banks. The background of this research is the growth of the Islamic banking industry in Indonesia, which is predicted to be higher than conventional banks, driven by product and service innovation in accordance with Islamic law. This study uses a quantitative approach with confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) techniques. Research data was collected through a questionnaire with a probability sampling method using a simple random sampling technique. The results of the study show that promotional factors, product knowledge, and benefit perception are factors in customer decisions in choosing wadiah savings products. The motivation factor is not a factor in the customer's decision to choose a wadiah savings product. This research provides insight into the importance of proper promotion, in-depth product knowledge, and clear benefit perception in attracting customers to choose wadiah savings products at Sharia Banks

Analysis of Consumer Decision Factors on Purchasing Packaged Cooking Oil at Simpang Limun Market, Medan

The objective of this investigation is to examine the factors that influence consumer decisions regarding the acquisition of packaged heating oil. This research employs an explanatory research approach using a quantitative methodology. A sample of 96 respondents was selected using a non-probability sampling technique from the study population, which consists of all consumers of packaged cooking oil at Simpang Limun Market in Medan. We obtained primary data by administering a questionnaire that employed a Likert scale. We employed SPSS Version 21 to conduct data analysis using multiple linear regression. The study’s findings indicated that cultural, social, personal, and psychological factors significantly influenced purchasing decisions. Cultural factors partially suggest that consumers’ cultural values and practices influence their product purchasing decisions. Additionally, social factors demonstrate the influence of family, acquaintances, and the social environment on consumer decisions. Additionally, personal factors, including age, lifestyle, and purchasing power, influence consumers’ purchasing decisions. Purchasing decisions are also influenced by psychological factors, including motivation, beliefs, and product assessments, which have a positive and significant effect. At the same time, the four independent variables have a positive and significant impact on purchasing decisions, suggesting that the confluence of these factors influences consumer decision-making when selecting products.

Exploring patient perception of decision-making in carpal tunnel release surgery: A systematic review and thematic synthesis of qualitative studies.

Carpal tunnel syndrome is a common condition, but some controversies remain regarding diagnostics and the most effective treatments. As a result, patients often experience decisional conflicts, especially when considering carpal tunnel release surgery. Understanding factors that influence decision-making in surgery can help clinicians better grasp patient treatment preferences and priorities, reducing decisional conflicts, and enabling patients to make informed, value-aligned choices through shared decision-making. This qualitative evidence synthesis aims to explore patient perceptions of carpal tunnel release, examine the decision-making factors, and critically appraise and synthesise the existing evidence. A systematic search was conducted across four electronic databases (MEDLINE, EMBASE, CINAHL Ultimate, PsycINFO) from inception to August 2023, supplemented by referencing and citation searching to identify eligible qualitative studies. Thematic synthesis was adopted as synthesis methodology, involving a line-by-line coding of the primary study findings, and the development of descriptive and analytical themes. Quality appraisal was conducted using the modified Critical Appraisal Skills Programme checklist, supplemented with the COnsolidated criteria for REporting Qualitative research checklist. Synthesis of six qualitative studies encompassing 66 participants generated five analytical themes: (1) Journey to normalcy, (2) Patient-centred care, (3) Work and life considerations, (4) Weighing up alternatives, and (5) Shaping the expectations, highlighting the complexity of patient decision-making in carpal tunnel release. In the management of carpal tunnel syndrome, therapists should consider various decision-making factors, prioritising communication and shared decision-making. This, along with personalised interactions, achieves patient-centred care and enhances patient care quality and therapeutic alliance.

Team Factors in Ethical Decision Making: A Content Analysis of Interviews with Scientists and Engineers

The ethical decision making of researchers has historically been studied from an individualistic perspective. However, researchers rarely work alone, and they typically experience ethical dilemmas in a team context. In this mixed-methods study, 67 scientists and engineers working at a public R1 (very high research activity) university in the United States responded to a survey that asked whether they had experienced or observed an ethical dilemma while working in a research team. Among these, 30 respondents agreed to be interviewed about their experiences using a think-aloud protocol. A total of 40 unique ethical incidents were collected across these interviews. Qualitative data from interview transcripts were then systematically content-analyzed by multiple independent judges to quantify the overall ethicality of team decisions as well as several team characteristics, decision processes, and situational factors. The results demonstrated that team formalistic orientation, ethical championing, and the use of ethical decision strategies were all positively related to the overall ethicality of team decisions. Additionally, the relationship between ethical championing and overall team decision ethicality was moderated by psychological safety and moral intensity. Implications for future research and practice are discussed.

Multi-objective application placement in fog computing using graph neural network-based reinforcement learning

We propose a framework designed to tackle a multi-objective optimization challenge related to the placement of applications in fog computing, employing a deep reinforcement learning (DRL) approach. Unlike other optimization techniques, such as integer linear programming or genetic algorithms, DRL models are applied in real time to solve similar problem situations after training. Our model comprises a learning process featuring a graph neural network and two actor-critics, providing a holistic perspective on the priorities concerning interconnected services that constitute an application. The learning model incorporates the relationships between services as a crucial factor in placement decisions: Services with higher dependencies take precedence in location selection. Our experimental investigation involves illustrative cases where we compare our results with baseline strategies and genetic algorithms. We observed a comparable Pareto set with negligible execution times, measured in the order of milliseconds, in contrast to the hours required by alternative approaches.

Utility of Assessing Early Tumor Shrinkage as an Efficacy Predictor in Patients with Non-Surgically Indicated or Recurrent Esophageal Cancer Treated with Nivolumab plus Ipilimumab.

Nivolumab plus ipilimumab combination therapy has been administered as a first-line treatment in Japan since 2022 for patients with unresectable progressive or recurrent esophageal cancer. The efficacy and safety of this immune checkpoint inhibitor (ICI) doublet therapy are now being evaluated, and it is necessary to identify populations that benefit from this treatment at an early phase after initiation. For patients not showing early benefit, changing as soon as possible to other therapeutic strategies could improve their survival outcomes. Therefore, we attempted to identify decision-making factors such as early tumor shrinkage (ETS) based on treatment experience with ICI doublet therapy. The study included 19 patients who received nivolumab plus ipilimumab for non-surgically indicated or recurrent esophageal cancer between July 2022 and November 2023. Tumors were assessed approximately every 2 months after treatment initiation. The effects of ETS, depth of response (DpR), and clinicopathologic features, including immune-related adverse events (irAEs), on progression-free and overall survival were evaluated using Kaplan-Meier plots and Cox proportional hazard models. The mean duration of ICI doublet administration was 5.89 months (range, 1-16 months). At first evaluation, patients who exhibited no tumor progression >20% indicated possible response to ICI doublet therapy, and patients whose tumors shrank even minimally exhibited favorable progression-free survival. Higher DpR at any cut-off line exhibited better progression-free survival than those with lower DpR. Fifteen patients experienced irAEs, with 13 of these patients experiencing irAEs within 3 months of treatment initiation. irAEs were associated with the efficacy of ICI doublet therapy, but efficacy could not be predicted based on early irAE experience. ETS-high, DpR-high, and irAEs might be associated with favorable responses to nivolumab plus ipilimumab. As a predictor of efficacy at an early phase, ETS >0% could be a deciding factor for continuing ICI doublet therapy.

Assessing the health impacts of parenthood on people with cystic fibrosis: the HOPeCF prospective cohort protocol

IntroductionPeople with cystic fibrosis (CF) are living longer and healthier lives with a growing number considering and pursuing parenthood. The decision of whether to become a parent is complex for...

Personalized movie recommendations based on probabilistic linguistic sentiment and integrated DEMATEL-TODIM methods

With the development of society, online reviews are increasingly becoming a crucial factor in decision-making. Especially for entertainment products such as movies, they are preferred for their affordability and high entertainment factor. Therefore, this paper proposes a movie recommendation model that considers user personalization using a probabilistic linguistic approach based on online reviews. Firstly, the method constructs a quantitative sentiment framework that transforms comments into a multi-granular probabilistic sentiment language. Secondly, we build the decision-making trial and evaluation laboratory (DEMATEL) method for probabilistic linguistic environments to explore interrelationships between product attributes, and improve the distance measure and score function to better integrate probabilistic linguistic information into DEMATEL weight calculations. Furthermore, to account for risk preferences, the model employs the extended TODIM (an acronym in Portuguese for interactive and multicriteria decision making) methodology to determine the ranking of alternatives. Finally, we design Douban movie ranking experiments to demonstrate the validity of the model. Compared with other methods, this paper incorporates the emotional tendency of movie attributes and user preference into the decision-making process leading to more reasonable results.

Harnessing Educational Big Data Analytics for Decision-Making in Enhancing School Teaching Quality

The application of educational big data analytics holds significant importance in enhancing decision-making processes for school teaching quality. This study explores the effective utilization of educational big data analytics technologies to support the improvement of teaching quality in schools. Initially, the challenges and needs faced by current school teaching quality decision-making were analyzed, highlighting the critical role of educational big data analytics in this context. Subsequently, the limitations and gaps in existing study were identified through a review of related studies, underscoring the study value of this study. Based on this foundation, this study progresses through an examination of the decision-making factors that influence school teaching quality, problem description and model assumptions, construction of decision models, and model solutions using genetic algorithms. By analyzing key factors and constraints in the decision-making process for school teaching quality and integrating optimization algorithms, a viable decision support model was proposed and empirically analyzed. This study aims to provide a scientific basis for school administrators and decision-makers, thereby promoting continuous improvement in school teaching quality.

INFLUENCE OF SERVICE QUALITY AND EMPLOYEE PERFORMANCE TOWARDS CUSTOMER SATISFACTION IN USING LOAN SERVICES AT THE MANADO PAWNSHOP OFFICE

This research aims to analyze the influence of service quality and employee performance towards customers' decisions in using lending services at the Manado Pawnshop Office. This research is important considering the strategic role of Pawnshop as a financial institution that provides collateral-based lending services. Data was collected through a survey of 150 customers who used lending services at the Manado Pawnshop Office. The analytical method used is multiple linear regression analysis to measure the influence of service quality and employee performance on customer decisions. The research results show that service quality has a significant positive influence on customer decisions. This indicates that aspects such as reliability, responsiveness and good service guarantees increase customer satisfaction and encourage them to use lending services. Apart from that, employee performance has also been proven to have a significant positive influence on customer decisions. The performance of employees who are professional, responsive and knowledgeable about Pawnshop products is a determining factor in customer decision making. The conclusion of this research is that both service quality and employee performance are key factors that influence customers' decisions in using lending services at the Manado Pawnshop Office. The practical implication of these findings is that Pawnshop needs to continue to improve service quality and employee performance to maintain and increase customer trust. It is hoped that this research can contribute to literature related to service management and human resource development in the financial sector.

Psychosocial and Longevity Factors as Predictors of Length of Stay in the Seafaring Profession

This study examines the psychosocial factors, longevity factors, and length of stay of millennial Filipino seafarers toward their maritime careers. A sample of 300 millennial seafarers were selected through purposive and convenience sampling techniques. The research instrument consisted of three sections: 1) assessing psychosocial factors; 2) evaluating longevity factors; and, 3) length of stay in the seafaring profession. Due to COVID-19 constraints, respondents were asked to answer the questionnaire via an online. Results indicated that millennial seafarers generally experience positive psychosocial conditions onboard, with high mean scores for psychological support, civility and respect, and involvement and influence. However, areas like recognition and reward, and growth and development showed slightly lower scores. In terms of longevity factors, all indicators were agreed upon by the respondents with high mean scores on empowered decision and workplace enjoyment factors. Findings have further revealed that fair reward systems and valued opinions have no significant influence on career duration, though with very small positive correlations on length of sea experience. Statistical analysis using Pearson correlation revealed significant positive relationships between psychosocial factors and longevity factors. Specifically, recognition and reward, growth and development, and organizational culture had strong correlations with fair reward systems. Multiple linear regression identified workload management, workplace enjoyment, and fair reward system as significant predictors of the length of sea service. The above findings have entailed a number of measures to be undertaken by concerned stakeholders. This includes strict compliance to a humane and acceptable levels of duties and responsibilities onboard, fixed hours of work based on the IMO guidelines, a well-crafted program that highlights provisions on proper workload management directly addressing the working conditions of Filipino seafarers, promotion of social and recreational activities onboard to guarantee workplace enjoyment of Filipino seafarers, and a reward system that maximizes their benefits in exchange of the hard work and perils they undergo in fulfilling the demands of a seafaring work.

Exploring the factors influencing information security policy compliance and violations: A systematic literature review

Despite advancements in security technology, the prevalence of insider threats has been on the rise in recent years. Organizations implement Information Security Policies (ISPs) that outline the expected security-related behavior and compliance standards for employees. Ensuring and enhancing ISP compliance and reducing violations is crucial for organizations to maintain their security posture. This Systematic Literature Review (SLR) aims to synthesize the existing research on ISP compliance and violations to identify the underlying factors behind employee policy violations and delve into the factors that promote compliance with ISPs. In order to provide a theoretical foundation for understanding these behaviors, this SLR identifies the prominent theories used to explain ISP compliance and violation. A comprehensive search is conducted across different academic databases, applying defined inclusion and exclusion criteria to select the relevant studies between 2012 and 2023. To understand intentional violations, we categorize and analyze studies on ISP violations based on Moral Disengagement, Neutralization and Deterrence, Stress, and Monitoring mechanisms. For ISP compliance, we categorize and analyze studies based on individual-level decision-making and organizational-level factors. We identified forty-seven factors that influence compliance behavior and forty-one factors that determine non-compliance behavior. Fourteen common factors were identified from prior literature, which were determinants of both compliance and violation behaviors, with opposite directions of influence. By considering both compliance and noncompliance simultaneously, organizations can develop more effective strategies for enhancing compliance and mitigating noncompliance.

A female advantage in asylum application decisions? A gendered analysis of decisions on asylum applications in Italy from 2008 to 2022

Women constitute over half of the global refugee population, yet they are underrepresented among asylum-seeker applicants in Europe. In this study, we analyse asylum application decisions in Italy between 2008 and 2022 using Eurostat data and a comprehensive set of indicators to assess political conditions and gender discrimination in the applicants’ countries of origin. Our analysis unveils a limited ‘female advantage’ in asylum applications, revealing a complex relationship between gender, country of origin characteristics, and the asylum decision process. Interestingly, the observed advantage for women is contingent on the applicant's country of origin. In countries marked by war, autocracy, or severe discrimination towards women, the gender of the applicants does not significantly correlate with asylum decisions, as recognition rates are high for both men and women. Conversely, women from countries with moderate political and discrimination issues have higher chances of success than men in their asylum applications. The understanding of how gender intersects with other factors in asylum decisions is imperative for developing more equitable asylum policies and practices.

Assessing Axillary Lymph Node Burden and Prognosis in cT1-T2 Stage Breast Cancer Using Machine Learning Methods: A Retrospective Dual-Institutional MRI Study.

Pathological axillary lymph node (pALN) burden is an important factor for treatment decision-making in clinical T1-T2 (cT1-T2) stage breast cancer. Preoperative assessment of the pALN burden and prognosis aids in the individualized selection of therapeutic approaches. To develop and validate a machine learning (ML) model based on clinicopathological and MRI characteristics for assessing pALN burden and survival in patients with cT1-T2 stage breast cancer. Retrospective. A total of 506 females (range: 24-83 years) with cT1-T2 stage breast cancer from two institutions, forming the training (N = 340), internal validation (N = 85), and external validation cohorts (N = 81), respectively. This study used 1.5-T, axial fat-suppressed T2-weighted turbo spin-echo sequence and axial three-dimensional dynamic contrast-enhanced fat-suppressed T1-weighted gradient echo sequence. Four ML methods (eXtreme Gradient Boosting [XGBoost], Support Vector Machine, k-Nearest Neighbor, Classification and Regression Tree) were employed to develop models based on clinicopathological and MRI characteristics. The performance of these models was evaluated by their discriminative ability. The best-performing model was further analyzed to establish interpretability and used to calculate the pALN score. The relationships between the pALN score and disease-free survival (DFS) were examined. Chi-squared test, Fisher's exact test, univariable logistic regression, area under the curve (AUC), Delong test, net reclassification improvement, integrated discrimination improvement, Hosmer-Lemeshow test, log-rank, Cox regression analyses, and intraclass correlation coefficient were performed. A P-value <0.05 was considered statistically significant. The XGB II model, developed based on the XGBoost algorithm, outperformed the other models with AUCs of 0.805, 0.803, and 0.818 in the three cohorts. The Shapley additive explanation plot indicated that the top variable in the XGB II model was the Node Reporting and Data System score. In multivariable Cox regression analysis, the pALN score was significantly associated with DFS (hazard ratio: 4.013, 95% confidence interval: 1.059-15.207). The XGB II model may allow to evaluate pALN burden and could provide prognostic information in cT1-T2 stage breast cancer patients. 3 TECHNICAL EFFICACY: Stage 2.