Factor Structure Of Questionnaire Research Articles

Measuring Morality: An Examination of the Moral Foundation Questionnaire's Factor Structure.

Moral foundations theory proposes five domains of morality-harm, fairness, loyalty, purity, and authority. Endorsement of these moral domains is assessed by the Moral Foundations Questionnaire (MFQ), a 30-item scale that has undergone intense measurement scrutiny. Across five samples (N = 464,229), we show greatly improved model fit using a Bifactor model that accounts for two kinds of items in the MFQ: judgment and relevance. We add to this space by demonstrating how using this improved measurement structure changes the strength of correlations of the moral foundations with numerous attitudes, cognitive styles, and moral decision-making. Future research should continue to identify what, if anything, the relevance and judgment factors might substantively capture over and above the substantive domains of moral foundations. In the meantime, we recommend that researchers use the Bifactor model for its improved model structure, rather than dropping the relevant items as some have proposed.

Dynamically Changing Mental Stress Parameters of First-Year Medical Students over the Three-Year Course of the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Repeated Cross-Sectional Study.

Numerous research results have already pointed towards the negative influence of increased mental stress on educational processes and motivational criteria. It has also been shown that the global public health crisis induced by COVID-19 was related to anxiety symptoms and elevated levels of distress. To holistically elucidate the dynamics of the pandemic-related mental stress of first-year medical students, the associated parameters of three different cohorts were measured at the beginning of the pandemic-related restrictions on university life in Germany (20/21), at the peak of the COVID-19-related restrictions (21/22) and during the easing of the restrictions in the winter term 22/23. In a repeated cross-sectional study design, the constructs of worries, tension, demands and joy were collected from first-year medical students (n = 578) using the Perceived Stress Questionnaire. The results demonstrate significantly increased values of the constructs worries (p < 0.001), tension (p < 0.001) and demands (p < 0.001) at the peak of the pandemic related restrictions compared to the previous and following year as well as significantly decreasing values of general joy of life during the observed period of 3 years (all p-values < 0.001). A confirmatory factor analysis was performed to verify the questionnaire's factor structure regarding the addressed target group during the pandemic (CFI: 0.908, RMSEA: 0.071, SRMR: 0.052). These data, collected over a period of three years, provide information regarding dynamically manifesting mental stress during the COVID-19 pandemic, and refer to new areas of responsibility for the faculties to adequately counteract future crisis situations.

ПСИХОМЕТРИЧНІ ВЛАСТИВОСТІ УКРАЇНСЬКОЇ ВЕРСІЇ ОПИТУВАЛЬНИКА "ОЦІНКА СТАТУСІВ ПРОФЕСІЙНОЇ ІДЕНТИЧНОСТІ" (VISA-19)

Background. Vocational identity is considered one of the most important domains of overall identity, and its study is gaining increasing relevance and popularity among Ukrainian researchers. An especially crucial aspect of the research on vocational identity is the study of its development. However, we have identified a lack of Ukrainian methods for researching vocational identity development. This study is dedicated to translating and adapting the English-language Vocational Identity Status Assessment (VISA) questionnaire and examining its psychometric properties and measurement invariance for Ukrainian students. Methods. In a cross-sectional study, 458 students from various specialties in their 1st to 5th years participated (62% were female), aged 17 to 22 years (M = 19). The North American Vocational Identity Status Assessment (VISA) questionnaire, developed by Porfeli et al. (2011), was used for translation. Two translators performed both forward and backward translations, and the translated version was presented to the participants via Google Forms. A confirmatory factor analysis was conducted to assess the questionnaire's factor structure, validity, reliability, and measurement invariance. Results. The shortened version of the questionnaire (VISA-19) was accepted as the primary version, demonstrating the six-factor original structure and good psychometric properties: CFI = 0,954, TLI = 0,943, RMSEA = 0.067[0,060-0,075], SRMR = 0,053, a ranges from 0,69 to 0,81, CR from 0,65 to 0,77, AVE from 0,43 to 0,59, HTMT from 0,057 to 0,856. Metric, scalar, and strict measurement invariance by gender for the shortened version of the questionnaire was established, with ACFI ranging from -0,004 to 0,000, ARMSEA from -0,001 to 0,003, and ASRMR from 0,001 to 0,005. Conclusions. The Ukrainian shortened version of the VISA-19 questionnaire exhibited good psychometric properties and measurement invariance by gender and can be utilized for further research and practical applications.

Validity of the Greek NMP-Q and Sociodemographic Determinants of Nomophobia Among University Students

Nomophobia is defined as the fears caused to individuals by the lack of access or use their smartphone. The aim was to make a cultural adaptation and validation of the Greek version of the Nomophobia Questionnaire (NMP-Q) as well as to explore nomophobia’s association with several sociodemographic determinants among university students. The original NMP-Q was translated from English into Greek language using both backwards and forwards processes. The underlying factor structure of questionnaire was investigated through exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis. Multiple regression analyses were used to determine the associations between nomophobia scales and specific characteristics of the university students. Exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis revealed a four-factor structure. Moreover, a second-order factor was identified as a total nomophobia scale. All factors presented adequate psychometric properties in accordance to the original NMP-Q. Multiple regression models showed significant associations of nomophobia scales with sociodemographic characteristics as gender, age, father’s education and daily smartphone usage.

Development and Validation of a Questionnaire to Measure Digital Skills of Chinese Undergraduates

To keep sustainable development in a digital society, it is essential for young people to possess certain digital skills. Levels of the digital skills of Chinese undergraduates take a certain role in the process of educational digitalization promoted by the Chinese government, becoming an important concern for Chinese universities and policymakers. However, few valid and reliable instruments are available for the assessment of the digital skills of undergraduates in China. Thus, developing, and testing the reliability and validity of a questionnaire to measure the digital skills of Chinese undergraduates are necessary. Based on previous literature and situations in the Chinese educational context, this study developed and validated a questionnaire to assess the digital skills of Chinese undergraduates. Through factor analysis approaches, the internal factor structure of the questionnaire was explored, and its reliability and validity were verified. Development and validation of a questionnaire, in which 6 factors were extracted, were described: access to and management of digital content, use of digital means, communication of digital content, creation of digital content, digital empathy, and digital safety. The questionnaire was applied to the first sample of 222 undergraduates and the second sample of 231 undergraduates selected randomly from a university located in the east of China. An exploratory factor analysis (EFA) through SPSS 26.0 with the first sample was used to determine the internal factor structure of the whole questionnaire, which showed the expected congruency between items and dimensions. Then a confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) through Mplus 8.3 with the second sample was utilized to check model-data fit of the questionnaire, which showed a good fit between them. Convergent validity and discriminant validity of the questionnaire were also verified. The resulting questionnaire emerged as a useful tool for carrying out nationwide studies on digital skills in higher education generally or in different disciplines specifically in China in the future.

Factor Structure of the AUDIM-M Dimensional Self-Concept Questionnaire in Mexican Adolescents.

Self-concept is one of the most relevant variables in the field of personality, and a negative self-perception can pose a risk to the adolescent’s development. The present study aimed to analyze the psychometric properties proposed by Aguirre and collaborators for the dimensional self-concept questionnaire (AUDIM-M). The total sample was 560 adolescents from the city of Chihuahua, Chihuahua, with a mean age of 12.96 ± 0.88 years. The factor structure of the questionnaire was analyzed using confirmatory factor analysis. The analyses show that a four-factor structure is viable and adequate (GFI 0.964; RMSEA 0.057; CFI 0.950). The four-factor structure (personal self-concept, physical self-concept, social self-concept, and academic self-concept), according to statistical and substantive criteria, shows adequate indicators of reliability and validity adjustment. The model obtained coincides with that proposed by Aguirre et al. Improving adolescents’ self-concept undoubtedly contributes to their quality of life, hence the need for valid and reliable instruments for its measurement; this study could be a first approach for future research.

Arguing in Favor of Revising the Simulator Sickness Questionnaire Factor Structure When Assessing Side Effects Induced by Immersions in Virtual Reality.

Two issues are increasingly of interest in the scientific literature regarding unwanted virtual reality (VR) induced side effects: (1) whether the latent structure of the Simulator Sickness Questionnaire (SSQ) is comprised of two or three factors, and (2) if the SSQ measures symptoms of anxiety that can be misattributed to unwanted negative side effects induced by immersions in VR. Study 1 was conducted with a sample of 876 participants. A confirmatory factor analysis clearly supported a two-factor model composed of nausea and oculomotor symptoms instead of the 3-factor structure observed in simulators. To tease-out symptoms of anxiety from unwanted negative side effects induced by immersions in VR, Study 2 was conducted with 88 participants who were administered the Trier Stress Social Test in groups without being immersed in VR. A Spearman correlation showed that 11 out of 16 side effects correlated significantly with anxiety. A factor analysis revealed that items measuring general discomfort, difficulty concentrating, sweating, nausea, and vertigo loaded significantly on the anxiety factor comprised of items from the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory. Finally, a multiple regression indicated that the items measuring general discomfort and difficulty concentrating significantly predicted increases in anxiety. The overall results support the notion that side effects associated with immersions in VR consist mostly of a nausea and an oculomotor latent structure and that a few items are confounding anxiety and cybersickness. The data support the suggestion to revise the scoring procedures of the Simulator Sickness Questionnaire when using this instrument with immersions in VR.

Composición e invarianza factorial del cuestionario Medida de la Intencionalidad para ser Físicamente Activo (MIFA) en adolescentes mexicanos

El objetivo de esta investigación fue analizar las propiedades psicométricas propuestos por Moreno, Moreno y Cervelló (2007) para el cuestionario Medida de la Intencionalidad para ser Físicamente Activo (MIFA). La muestra total fue de 549 adolescentes mexicanos 256 mujeres y 293 hombres, con edades comprendidas entre 11-16 años (M = 12.91; DE = 0.49). La estructura factorial del cuestionario se analizó mediante análisis factoriales confirmatorios. Los análisis, muestran que una estructura unifactorial es viable y adecuada tanto para la muestra total como para las poblaciones de hombres y mujeres. La estructura unifactorial, atendiendo a criterios estadísticos y sustantivos, ha mostrado adecuados indicadores de ajuste de fiabilidad y validez. Por otro lado, la estructura factorial, las cargas factoriales y los interceptos se consideran invariantes de acuerdo al género; sin embargo, existen diferencias entre hombres y mujeres para la media de intencionalidad para ser físicamente activo. En conclusión, el MIFA-M puede ser una herramienta útil para avanzar en el estudio de los factores que afectan a la práctica de actividad física. The aim of this research was to analyze the psychometric properties proposed by Moreno et al. (2007) for the Measurement of Intention to be Physically Active (MIFA) questionnaire. The total sample has been composed by 549 Mexican adolescents, 256 women and 293 mean, with ages from 11 to 16 years (M = 12.91, SD = 0.49). The factor structure of questionnaire has been analized through the confirmatory factor analysis. This analysis shows that a unifactorial structure is viable and adequate for the total sample and the populations of men and women. The unifactorial structure, according to statistical and substantive criteria, has shown adequate indicators of reliability and validity adjustment. On the other hand, the factorial structure, the factorial loads and the intercepts are considered invariant according to gender; however, there are differences between men and women for the average intentionality of being physically active. In conclusion, the MIFA-M can be a useful tool to advance in the study of the factors that affect the practice of physical activity. O objetivo do presente estudo instrumental foi analisar a composição e invariância fatorial por gênero do questionário Medida de Intencionalidade a ser Fisicamente Ativa proposto por Moreno et al. (2007) adaptado ao contexto mexicano (MIFA-M) em adolescentes mexicanos. Um total de 549 adolescentes mexicanos, 256 mulheres e 293 homens, com idades entre 11 e 16 anos (M = 12.91; DP = .49) completaram o questionário MIFA-M. A estrutura fatorial do questionário foi analisada por análises fatoriais confirmatórias. Os resultados mostraram que uma estrutura unifatorial é viável e adequada tanto para a amostra total quanto para as populações de homens e mulheres. Com base em critérios estatísticos e substantivos, a estrutura unifatorial apresentou indicadores adequados de confiabilidade e validade. Além disso, a estrutura fatorial, as cargas fatoriais e os interceptos eram invariantes de acordo com o gênero. Maiores valores de intenção de ser fisicamente ativo em homens do que em mulheres foram encontrados. Maiores valores de intenção de ser fisicamente ativo em homens do que em mulheres foram encontrados. Em conclusão, o MIFA-M é um instrumento útil para avaliar a intenção de ser fisicamente ativo em adolescentes mexicanos.

Composición e invarianza factorial de la versión corta del Physical Self Description Questionnaire en adolescentes mexicanos

El objetivo de esta investigación fue analizar las propiedades psicométricas propuestas por Marsh, Martin y Jackson (2010) para la versión corta del Physical Self Description Questionnaire (PSDQ-S). La muestra total fue de 915 adolescentes mexicanos 400 deportistas y 515 no deportistas, con edades comprendidas entre 11-15 años (M = 12.33; DE = 1.43). La estructura factorial del cuestionario se analizó mediante análisis factoriales confirmatorios. Los análisis, muestran que una estructura de nueve factores (actividad física, apariencia, grasa corporal, coordinación, resistencia, flexibilidad, salud, competencia deportiva y fuerza) es viable y adecuada tanto para la muestra total (GFI .964; RMSEA .030; CFI .981) como para las poblaciones de adolescentes mexicanos deportistas (GFI .921; RMSEA .049; CFI .946) y no deportistas (GFI .943 y RMSEA .049; CFI .970). La estructura de nueve factores, atendiendo a criterios estadísticos y sustantivos, ha mostrado adecuados indicadores de ajuste de fiabilidad y validez. Por otro lado, la estructura factorial, las cargas factoriales y los interceptos se consideran invariantes de acuerdo a la variable práctica deportiva; sin embargo, existen diferencias significativas a favor de los deportistas en cuanto a su autoconcepto físico: actividad física (-1.243, p &lt;0.001), grasa corporal (-0.212, p &lt;0.05), coordinación (-0.765, p &lt;0.001), resistencia (-0.882, p &lt;0.001), flexibilidad (-0.427, p &lt;0.001), salud (-0.172, p &lt;0.05), competencia deportiva (-1.026, p &lt;0.001) y fuerza (-0.614, p &lt;0.001). En conclusión, el PSDQ-S puede ser una herramienta útil para avanzar en el estudio de los factores que afectan al autoconcepto físico. The aim of this research was to analyze the psychometric properties proposed by Marsh et al. (2010) for the Physical Self Description Questionnaire (PSDQ-S). The total sample has been composed by 915 Mexican adolescents, 400 athletes and 515 non-athletes, with ages from 11 to 15 years (M = 12.31, SD = 1.43). The factor structure of questionnaire has been analized through the confirmatory factor analysis. This analysis shows that a nine factors structure is viable and adequate for the total sample (GFI .964; RMSEA .030; CFI .981) and the populations of athletes (GFI .921; RMSEA .049; CFI .946) and non-athletes (GFI .943 y RMSEA .049; CFI .970). The nine factors structure (physical activity, appearance, body fat, coordination, endurance, flexibility, health, sport competence, and strength), according to statistical and substantive criteria, has shown adequate indicators of reliability and validity adjustment. On the other hand, the factorial structure, the factorial loads and the intercepts are considered invariant according to the variable sports practice; however, there are differences between athletes and non-athletes in favor of athletes in terms of their physical self-concept: physical activity (-1,243, p &lt;0.001), body fat (-0.212, p &lt;0.05), coordination (-0.765, p &lt;0.001), endurance (-0.882, p &lt;0.001), flexibility (-0.427, p &lt;0.001 ), health (-0.172, p &lt;0.05), sports competition (-1.026, p &lt;0.001) and strength (-0.614, p &lt;0.001). In conclusion, the PSDQ-S can be a useful tool to advance in the study of the factors that affect the physical self-concept. O principal objetivo deste estudo foi analizar as propiedades psicométricas propostas por Marsh et al. (2010) para a versão curta de Physical Self Description Questionnaire (PSDQ-S). Amostra total foi de 915 adolescentes mexicanos 400 atletas e 515 não- atletas com idades entre 11-15 anos (M = 12.33; DE = 1.43). A estrutura fatorial foi analisado com anàlise fatorial confirmatòria. Os analises mostran a estrutura do nove fatores (atividade física, aparência, gordura corporal, coordenação, resistencia, flexibidade, saúde, competencia esportiva e força) e factível e adequado para a mostra total (GFI .964; RMSEA .030; CFI .981) e para ambas as populações, atletas (GFI .921; RMSEA .049; CFI .946) e não atletas (GFI .943 y RMSEA .049; CFI .970). A estrutura de nove fatores, em resposta a criterios estatísticos e materiais tem mostrado indicadores de ajuste adequados de confiabilidade e validade. Além disso a estrutura de fatores, cargas fatoriais e intercepto são considerados invariantes em variável prativa esportiva, porém diferenças entre atletas e não atletas forom encontrados em favor dos atletas em termos de seu autoconceito físico: atividade física (-1,243, p &lt;0,001), gordura corporal (-0,212, p &lt;0,05), coordenação (-0,765, p &lt;0,001), resistência (-0,882, p &lt;0,001), flexibilidade (-0,427, p &lt;0,001 ), saúde (-0,172, p &lt;0,05), competição esportiva (-1,026, p &lt;0,001) e força (-0,614, p &lt;0,001). Em conclusão, el PSDQ-S pode ser uma ferramenta útil para avançar no estudo dos fatores que afetam o autoconceito físico.

Development and Validation of a Japanese Version of the Emotion Regulation Questionnaire for Children and Adolescents.

PurposeWe developed a Japanese version of the Emotion Regulation Questionnaire for Children and Adolescents (ERQ-CA) and examined its reliability and validity across three studies.Patients and MethodsIn Study 1, the Japanese version of ERQ-CA was developed and administered to 389 children aged 8–12 years. In Study 2, the questionnaire was administered to 1738 adolescents aged 12–18 years. In Study 3, utilizing a sample of 1300 children and adolescents, the test was administered twice over a period of four weeks in order to assess test–retest reliability.ResultsIn Study 1, the Japanese version of ERQ-CA showed the same factor structure as the original version, along with good internal consistency reliability and acceptable construct validity. In Study 2, the questionnaire’s factor structure, internal consistency reliability, and construct validity were again confirmed. Finally, in Study 3, measurement invariance was tested across distinct age groups (8–11, 12–15, and 16–18 years), and the questionnaire had good test–retest reliability over a period of four weeks.ConclusionThe Japanese version of the ERQ-CA had good reliability and validity.

Satisfaction survey among primary health care outpatients in the backward region: an empirical study from rural Western China.

BackgroundWith a growing health demand, patient satisfaction analysis is essential for evaluating the accessibility and performance of medical services. Previous studies had explored the Chinese outpatient satisfaction and influencing factors in developed areas and tertiary hospitals. Considering the lower education level, less income, and heavier economic burden, it was necessary to conduct a region-specific questionnaire survey for the outpatient’s satisfaction in rural Western China.ObjectiveTo analyze the satisfaction of primary outpatient service in rural Western China, and explore the factors affecting outpatients’ satisfaction.MethodsQuestionnaire composed of nine 5-Likert items was applied to survey outpatient satisfaction among randomly selected samples in 11 provinces of Western China. Exploratory factor analysis (EFA) was conducted to study the factor structure of questionnaire. Stepwise multiple linear regression analysis was performed to study the influencing factors.ResultsA total of 2,754 outpatients completed the questionnaire, the response rate was 88.7%. Respondents were most satisfied with medical staff service attitude (3.71±0.83) and least satisfied with medical cost (2.97±0.83). A 3-factor solution was adopted in EFA to explain the overall satisfaction. Factors identified were “Service attitude”, “Facility and professional skills”, and “Patients’ cost”. And, the questionnaire was proved to have good reliability and acceptable internal consistency. The stepwise multiple linear regression analysis results presented that factors, including sample hospital type (P<0.05), age (P<0.001), education level (P<0.05), occupation (P<0.01), monthly income (P<0.05), and chronic disease conditions (P<0.01) were significantly associated with the dimensional or overall satisfaction.ConclusionThe primary health care outpatient satisfaction in rural Western China is lower than developed areas and tertiary hospitals. Care providers in backward regions should pay more attention to patients’ demographic characteristics and health status, to meet outpatients’ actual demand. Efficient hospital management methods, modern technology, and staff training are needed to improve the service quality and care efficiency.

Reliability and validity of Family Caregiver Quality of Life Scale in heart failure.

In this study, the Family Caregiver Quality of Life scale developed specifically for family caregivers of heart failure patients was translated into the Turkish language, and its reliability and validity was performed. The scale was first translated into Turkish and back-translated, adapting it to the Turkish culture. The Turkish questionnaire of the scale was applied to 200 family caregivers. To evaluate the reliability of the scale and all subscales, test-retest was applied, and the Cronbach's alpha reliability coefficients were calculated. The structural validity of the scale was examined through the factor analysis. The internal consistency reliability (a=0.82) of the Turkish Questionnaire of the scale was proved. Two-week test-retest reliability was supported by an intraclass correlation coefficient of 0.91. The questionnaire's factor structure demonstrated acceptable fit, indicating that it could be applied to the Turkish population. The item loads found by the factor analysis ranged from 0.32 to 0.99, explaining %63 of the variance (eigenvalue=2.61-4.06). Criterion-related validity was supported by correlations with the Short Form-36 General (r=0.473, p<0.01) and Mental (r=0.406; p<0.01) Health subscales. The Turkish version of this scale can measure the quality of life of family caregivers of heart failure patients with adequate reliability and validity.

Reliability and validity of a Turkish version of the Sexual Quality of Life - Male questionnaire: a methodological study.

To assess the reliability and validity of the Turkish version of the SQoL-M questionnaire, in January and February 2017 we formed a sample of 128 men from Ankara, Turkey, and Girne, Northern Cyprus, to complete the questionnaire. Two weeks later, 65 of these men completed the questionnaire during a retest. Factor analysis was conducted to evaluate the questionnaire's factor structure, internal consistency and test-retest reliability analyses were used to assess reliability and Pearson's correlation coefficient was used to measure criterion-related validity. Cronbach's α for the Turkish version of the SQoL-M questionnaire was 0.91, with corrected item-total score correlations ranging from 0.432 to 0.819. The test-retest correlation, calculated to compare scale scores of both groups of participants, was 0.83 (P<0.001). We also observed a statistically significant relationship between the Turkish version of the SQoL-M questionnaire and the Arizona Sexual Experience scale. The Turkish version of the SQoL-M questionnaire is a valid, reliable instrument for evaluating the sexual quality of life of men in Turkey and Northern Cyprus.

Validity and Reliability of Turkish Version of the Functional Assessment of Cancer Therapy-Brain Questionnaire.

Assessing the quality of life (QOL) of patients with brain tumors is ever more important, given increasing survivorship and the higher likelihood of developing potential morbidities associated with new therapies. The aim of this study was to adapt the Functional Assessment of Cancer Therapy-Brain (FACT-Br) Questionnaire for Turkish populations and test its validity and reliability. The questionnaire was first translated into Turkish and back-translated, adapting it to the Turkish culture. This Turkish version of the FACT-Br was administered to 500 patients. Confirmatory factor analysis was conducted to examine the scale's construct validity. Test-retest and Cronbach's α reliability coefficients were calculated to determine reliability of the total questionnaire and all subdimensions. The questionnaire's factor structure demonstrated good fit, implying that it could be applied to the Turkish population. Interclass correlation coefficients were between 0.93 and 0.99. The 5 subscales demonstrated good internal consistency, with Cronbach's α ranging from .72 to .87. Overall, the reliability estimate for the total scale was 0.93. There was no difference between a 15-day test and retest coefficients for subscale and total scores, indicating stability. The Turkish version of the FACT-Br is a valid and reliable instrument that can be used to measure the QOL of patients with a brain tumor in Turkey. This assessment tool can be used in treatment evaluations and to evaluate other measures of QOL.

Psychometric properties of the Tinnitus Functional Index (TFI): Assessment in a UK research volunteer population

ObjectivesQuestionnaires are essential for measuring tinnitus severity and intervention-related change but there is no standard instrument used routinely in research settings. Most tinnitus questionnaires are optimised for measuring severity but not change. However, the Tinnitus Functional Index (TFI) claims to be optimised for both. It has not however been fully validated for research purposes. Here we evaluate the relevant psychometric properties of the TFI, specifically the questionnaire factor structure, reproducibility, validity and responsiveness guided by quality criteria for the measurement properties of health-related questionnaires. MethodsThe study involved a retrospective analysis of data collected for 294 members of the general public who participated in a randomised controlled trial of a novel tinnitus device (ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT01541969). Participants completed up to eight commonly used assessment questionnaires including the TFI, Tinnitus Handicap Inventory (THI), Tinnitus Handicap Questionnaire (THQ), a Visual Analogue Scale of loudness (VAS-Loudness), Percentage Annoyance question, the Beck's Depression Inventory (BDI), Beck's Anxiety Inventory (BAI), and the World Health Organisation Quality of Life-Bref (WHOQOL-BREF). A series of analyses assessed the study objectives. Forty four participants completed the TFI at a second visit (within 7–21 days and before receiving any intervention) providing data for reproducibility assessments. ResultsThe 8-factor structure was not fully confirmed for this general (non-clinical) population. Whilst it was acceptable standalone subscale, the ‘auditory’ factor showed poor loading with the higher order factor ‘functional impact of tinnitus’. Reproducibility assessments for the overall TFI indicate high internal consistency (α = 0.80) and extremely high reliability (ICC: 0.91), whilst agreement was borderline acceptable (93%). Construct validity was demonstrated by high correlations between scores on the TFI and THI (r = 0.82) and THQ (r = 0.82), moderate correlations with VAS-L (r = 0.46), PR-A (r = 0.58), BDI (r = 0.57), BAI (r = 0.39) and WHOQOL (r = −0.48). Floor effects were observed for more than 50% of the items. A smallest detectable change score of 22.4 is proposed for the TFI global score. ConclusionEven though the proposed 8-factor structure was not fully confirmed for this population, the TFI appears to cover multiple symptom domains, and to measure the construct of tinnitus with an excellent reliability in distinguishing between patients. While the TFI may discriminate those whose tinnitus is not a problem, floor effects in many items means it is less appropriate as a measure of change in this subgroup. Further investigation is needed to determine whether these effects are relevant in other populations.

Initial validation of the coach-created Empowering and Disempowering Motivational Climate Questionnaire (EDMCQ-C)

This article employs Duda's (2013) hierarchical conceptualization of the coach-created motivational climate to inform the validation of a questionnaire (Empowering and Disempowering Motivational Climate Questionnaire-Coach; EDMCQ-C) that assesses junior athletes' perceptions of the social environmental dimensions proposed by achievement goal theory and self-determination theory. Confirmatory factor analyses (CFA) were initially employed to reduce the number of items required to measure the targeted climate dimensions. A series of competing models were then tested to determine the best representation of the questionnaire's factor structure. The findings revealed that exploratory structural equation modelling (ESEM) provided a better fit of the data to the hypothesised model than CFA solutions. Specifically, the bi-factor ESEM provided the best fit, although parameter estimates suggest that none of the ESEM solutions replicated the underlying theoretical model of the motivational climate proposed by Duda (2013). The evidence from this study suggests that the EDMCQ-C is a promising, parsimonious questionnaire to assess empowering and disempowering facets of the motivational climate albeit the development of the questionnaire remains a work in progress.

Propiedades psicométricas de la versión mexicana del Cuestionario para la Evaluación de Metas Académicas (CEMA)

Academic goals are one of the most important variables from a motivational point of view to explain the different reasons and motives of students to get involved in learning tasks and activities. At the same time, academic goals are related to different patterns of thoughts, emotions and actions of students, as well as their academic achievement. Hence, it is important to develop empirical work in this area in order to construct evaluation tools that allow a better understanding of the processes involved in student learning, particularly in higher education. The psychometric properties of the Questionnaire for the Evaluation of Academic Goals were examined in a sample of Mexican university students. This self-report instrument evaluates the personal orientation of the student towards academic goals. To achieve this goal, a Confirmatory Factor Analysis (CFA) was conducted, with a sample of 735 Mexican higher education students in the engineering area. Findings corroborate the original questionnaire factor structure and demonstrates reliability for using the scale in the research within the Mexican context.

Factor structure of the Iranian version of 12-item general health questionnaire.

Background:The 12-Item General Health (GHQ-12) questionnaire is one of the most commonly used instruments in screening studies on mental health.Objectives:The current study aimed to examine the factor structure of the GHQ-12 questionnaire among the students in Iran.Materials and Methods:It was a cross-sectional study in which 428 university students were recruited and completed the GHQ-12. Reliability of the GHQ-12 was evaluated using the Cronbach's alpha and the split-half method by applying the Spearman-Brown coefficient. Factor structure of the questionnaire was extracted by exploratory factor analysis (EFA). Confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) was conducted to assess how well the EFA extracted model fitted the observed data.Results:The mean age of the participants was 22.83 years (SD = 3.09). Most of them were female (56.1%) and 81% were unemployed. The Cronbach’s alpha coefficient for the Iranian version of GHQ-12 was 0.85. Using the split-half method, the alpha for the social dysfunction was found to be 0.77; it was 0.76 for the psychological distress. The principal component analysis revealed a two-factor structure for the questionnaire including social dysfunction and psychological distress that explained 48% of the observed variances. The confirmatory factor analysis was showed fit for the data.Conclusions:The current study findings confirm that the Iranian version of GHQ-12 has a good factor structure and is a reliable and valid instrument to measure psychological distress and social dysfunction.

Validation of French and German versions of a Perceived Neighborhood Social Cohesion Questionnaire among young Swiss males, and its relationship with substance use

This study main purpose was the validation of both French and German versions of a Perceived Neighborhood Social Cohesion Questionnaire. The sample group comprised 5065 Swiss men from the "Cohort Study on Substance Use Risk Factors." Multigroup Confirmatory factor analysis showed that a three-factor model fits the data well, which substantiates the generalizability of Perceived Neighborhood Social Cohesion Questionnaire factor structure, regardless of the language. The Perceived Neighborhood Social Cohesion Questionnaire demonstrated excellent homogeneity (α = 95) and split-half reliability (r = .96). The Perceived Neighborhood Social Cohesion Questionnaire was sensitive to community size and participants' financial situation, confirming that it also measures real social conditions. Finally, weak but frequent correlations between Perceived Neighborhood Social Cohesion Questionnaire and alcohol, cigarette, and cannabis dependence were measured.

Appropriation cognitive du feedback en évaluation du potentiel : validation d’une mesure

IntroductionLimited instruments are available to measure candidate's cognitive integration of the feedback in the context of individual psychological assessment related to the work context. ObjectiveThe objective of this article is to validate a questionnaire measuring two dimensions of feedback integration: feedback acceptance and awareness gained from feedback. MethodTwo studies were conducted with candidates who completed a questionnaire further to their individual psychological assessment feedback session. A first study (n=111) was conducted to explore the factor structure and psychometric properties of the questionnaire. A second study (n=178) was conducted to confirm the questionnaire factor structure and to substantiate the nomological and discriminant validity of its two dimensions. ResultsResults confirm that the questionnaire measures the two hypothesized dimensions which are only moderately correlated. Nomological and discriminant validity were established by showing that the two dimensions are correlated with meaningful antecedents and outcomes following a distinctive expected pattern for acceptance (more related to assessor’ perceived expertise) and awareness (more related to perceived message relevance and intent to act upon feedback). DiscussionGiving preliminary evidences of reliability and validity, this questionnaire can be used by practitioners and researchers to study candidates’ cognitive integration of feedback.