Factorial Experimental Design Research Articles

Preparation, characterization, and pesticide adsorption capacity of chitosan-magnetic graphene oxide nanoparticles with toxicological studies.

This study investigated magnetic graphene oxide nanoparticles (MGO-NPs) and functionalized with chitosan (CS-MGO-NPs) for removing florasulam, metalaxyl, and thiamethoxam pesticides from water. A comprehensive characterization employing Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), zeta potential measurements, XRD analysis, and surface area/porosity determinations confirmed the successful synthesis of the composites with the desired properties. Factorial experimental design was applied to identify the most significant factors of pesticide concentration, adsorbent amount, temperature, pH, agitation time, and ionic strength on the efficiency of removal of tested pesticides from water samples. CS-MGO-NPs exhibited superior removal efficiencies for all three pesticides compared to MGO-NPs. They achieved high removal rates for florasulam (average 92.94%) and metalaxyl (average 88.95%), while demonstrated moderate effectiveness against thiamethoxam (average 64.04%). Different kinetic and isotherm models described how well the nanoparticles adsorbed each pesticide. According to these models, the pseudo-first-order kinetic model interpreted well the adsorption of florasulam, and thiamethoxam onto CS-GO-NPs. While the pseudo-second-order kinetic model interpreted well the adsorption of metalaxyl. The Freundlich isotherm model gave the best fit with florasulam onto CS-GO-NPs. While the Langmuir isotherm model gave the best fit with metalaxyl and thiamethoxam. Finally, the toxicological studies of CS-MGO-NPs in rats were performed, and it was found negative effects at high doses, suggesting caution is needed for practical applications. Overall, this study shows promise for CS-MGO-NPs in water purification, but safety needs further investigation.

Design, Development, and Performance Evaluation of a Motorized Cassava Peeling Machine

This study focuses on the design, development, and performance evaluation of a motorized cassava peeling machine, constructed using locally sourced materials. The machine features an abrasive peeling drum, a hopper, a mild steel frame, and a pulley system, all powered by a 2 hp single-phase induction motor. During performance tests, the machine demonstrated an average throughput capacity of 75.54 kg/hr. and a peeling efficiency of 88.33%. Statistical analyses using factorial experimental designs revealed that machine speed and day after harvest had significant impacts on peeling efficiency (p = 0.0199) and throughput capacity. The optimal performance was observed when cassava tubers were processed 1 day after harvest using a 2 mm grater, maximizing throughput. While the interaction between the day after harvest and grater size significantly affected throughput capacity (p = 0.0213), the interaction between machine speed and grater size was insignificant. ANOVA results confirmed the reliability of the regression models, with model validation ensuring normality and constant variance. This locally fabricated machine offers an affordable and efficient solution for small to medium-scale cassava peeling, improving productivity and reducing manual labor.

Thrust generation by dielectric barrier discharge plasma actuators in the filamentary discharge regime

The thrust force generated by dielectric barrier discharge (DBD) plasma actuators is highly dependent on their electrical, geometric, and structural variables. Furthermore, plasma discharge in DBD plasma actuators can occur in two distinct regimes: the uniform discharge and the filamentary discharge. When the discharge shifts to the filamentary regime, the actuator behaves differently. In the present paper, a full factorial design of experiments is used to investigate the effects of applied voltage, carrier frequency, and covered electrode width on the thrust force and power consumption of DBD plasma thrusters in both the uniform and filamentary discharge regimes. The results show that, although the performance of DBD plasma actuators for flow control purposes decreases upon entering the filamentary regime, the presence of high-speed filaments allows the thrust force to continue increasing, showing a similar increasing trend in both the uniform and filamentary regimes. Moreover, a heat- and deformation-resistant composite dielectric is introduced. It is demonstrated that using this dielectric delays arc discharge, which in turn increases the duration and length of filamentary discharge, thereby allowing the thrust force to reach higher magnitudes.

CD44-targeted hyaluronic acid coated imiquimod lipid nanocapsules foster the efficacy against skin cancer: Attempt to conquer unfavorable side effects.

This study was executed to mitigate imiquimod (IMQ)-side effects and promote its anticancer potential against skin cancer via encapsulation in hyaluronic acid-coated lipid nanocapsules (HA-LNCs) for targeted topical delivery. The LNCs were prepared using the phase inversion technique. Optimized LNCs formulation was gained following 22 factorial design experiment to adjust the IMQ and CTAB concentrations. The two variables were found to significantly influence the dependent responses. The encapsulation efficiency of IMQ exceeded 97%. HA coating provided a sustained release of IMQ from LNCs, with 63.81±2.45% of IMQ released after 24h. Moreover, the ex-vivo human skin permeation study showed that 7.9-fold more IMQ was localized in all skin layers than that permeated. In vitro anticancer activity indicated that IMQ-HA-LNCs had higher cytotoxicity (IC50=22.39μg/mL) compared to free IMQ (IC50=97.94μg/mL). Further, in vivo studies revealed that encapsulation of IMQ in HA-LNCs enhanced its immunostimulatory potential and promoted its anti-tumor activity in competing skin cancer even in low doses compared to the untreated group and group treated with a brand product with no topical or systemic toxicity. The present study suggested that HA-LNCs with their mixed polymeric/lipophilic nature epitomize a promising strategy for safe topical delivery of poorly water-soluble candidates.

Switchable hydrophilicity solvent/water emulsion-based extraction of polyphenols from grape skin

In this present study, switchable hydrophilicity solvent (SHS) was dispersed into water to induce the SHS/water emulsion for the ultrasound-assisted extraction (UAE) and enrichment of polyphenols from grape skin. The single factor experiment design, orthogonal experiment design and Response Surface Methodology (RSM) coupled with Box-Behnken Design (BBD) were successively applied to optimize the extraction. The optimal extraction conditions were as follows: SHS of N,N-Dimethylcyclohexylamine (DMCHA), DMCHA/water volume ratio of 1:1, liquid-solid ratio of 20 mL/g, ultrasound time of 24.93 min, CO2 bubbling time of 120 min and CO2 bubbling rate of 0.25 L/min. Compared to the ethanol-based UAE, the optimal DMCHA/water emulsion-based UAE not only gave a higher extraction yield (14.07%, 49.84% enhanced), but also exhibited the content differences of mono-phenols. Furthermore, the DMCHA/water emulsion-based UAE showed stronger antioxidant activity than that of the ethanol-based UAE. In addition to the low economic cost, low reagent residues and high DMCHA recovery, this proposed extraction method has been proved to be a promising alternative for industrial extraction.

Visual merchandising in fashion retail: The diversity, equity and inclusion (DEI) perspective

Diversity, equity and inclusion (DEI) has been at the forefront of many disciplines in recent years. Utilizing three different aspects of visual merchandising in the context of fashion retail, this study investigates the effects of (1) colours of mannequins, (2) sizes of mannequins and (3) the presence of a rainbow flag as signage in a physical store on consumers’ feelings towards the store and related clothing styles, in addition to their perceptions of the store’s commitment to DEI. Using an online survey, data were collected from a 2 × 2 × 2 factorial experimental design with 382 responses. Findings suggest that mannequin sizes influenced the participants’ overall feelings towards a store, in addition to mixed interaction effects among mannequin sizes, colours and/or use of a rainbow flag. Discussion and implications are provided.

Machinability optimization of carbon fiber reinforced polymer composites for aviation manufacturing parts

PurposeSurface roughness and delamination during the milling of carbon fiber reinforced polymer (CFRP) composite parts in aviation can lead to component rejection. This article aims to optimize cutting conditions to reduce these failures while ensuring compliance with aviation standards. By improving machinability, the goal is to minimize part rejection rates and scrap, optimizing costs and increasing safety.Design/methodology/approachFull factorial experimental design and response surface methodology (RSM) were used to establish relationships between the cutting parameters and the cutting force, delamination and surface roughness. To validate the model and identify significant parameters, analysis of variance (ANOVA) was performed. The cutting parameters were optimized to reduce cutting force and improve surface quality using ANOVA and RSM.FindingsThe lowest response values can be achieved with a cutting speed of 285.35 m/min and a feed of 358.57 mm/min using the Aluminum Chromium Nitride (AlCrN)-coated tool. Accordingly, the optimum cutting force was obtained as 190.97 N, delamination depth as 1.562 mm and surface roughness as 1.431 µm. It has been seen that the obtained surface roughness and delamination values are consistent with aviation literature studies, sectoral data and standards.Originality/valueThis study uniquely examines cutting force, surface roughness and delamination using Titanium Aluminum Nitride (TiAlN)- and AlCrN-coated tools instead of traditional Poly Cyristaline Diamond (PCD) tools. It employs a two-stage experimental framework, starting with a full factorial design followed by RSM. The initial data have been used as inputs for optimization in the second stage to achieve more accurate results.

Peach Peel Extrusion for the Development of Sustainable Gluten-Free Plant-Based Flours

The food industry generates substantial waste, contributing to environmental challenges, such as pollution and greenhouse gas emissions. Utilizing by-products, particularly fruit peels that are rich in fiber, antioxidants, and vitamins, presents a sustainable approach to reducing waste, while enhancing the nutritional value of food products. Specifically, peach peel can be used to produce gluten-free flours, with increased fiber content and antioxidant properties. Extrusion technology is a highly effective method for developing these functional flours, as it improves digestibility, reduces anti-nutrients, and enhances nutrient bioavailability. This study investigates the potential of combining corn flour with peach peel flour, derived from Royal Summer peachs (RSF), at different concentrations (0%, 5%, and 15%). A factorial experimental design was utilized to evaluate the impact of RSF incorporation on the proximate composition, antioxidant capacity, and functional properties of the flour. The results indicate that flours containing 15% RSF demonstrated significant improvements in terms of the dietary fiber content (5.90 g per 100 g−1) and antioxidant capacity (ABTS•+ 745.33 µmol TE per 100 g−1), meeting the “source of fiber” labelling requirements. The glycemic index of the 15% RSF flour was reduced to 78.09 compared to non-enriched flours. The functional properties of the flour, such as swelling and gelation capacities, were also enhanced with RSF incorporation. These findings highlight the potential of RSF-enriched flours in regard to the development of sustainable, health-promoting, plant-based, and gluten-free flours.

Nanosilicon application changes the morphological attributes and essential oil compositions of hemp (Cannabis sativa L.) under water deficit stress

Various practical strategies have been employed to mitigate the detrimental effects of water deficit stress on plants such as application of nano-stimulants. Nanosilicon plays a crucial role in alleviating the deleterious impacts of both abiotic and biotic stresses in plants by modulating various phyto-morphological and physiological processes. This study aimed to examine the combined effects of drought stress and nanosilicon application on the morphological traits and essential oil content and compositions of hemp (Cannabis sativa L.), in which four-week-old seedlings were subjected to irrigation treatments at four levels, including 100% (control), 80% (mild stress), 60% (moderate stress) and 40% (severe stress) field capacity and nanosilicon at three concentrations (0, 0.5 and 1.5 mM) in a completely randomized factorial design experiment with three replications for 40 days. The results showed that the maximum plant height (109.07 cm), number of nodes (33.3), and number of flowering branches (29.4) were recorded under the treatment of 1.5 mM nanosilicon and 100% FC. The lowest fresh and dry weights of aerial parts were associated to the severe drought stress (40% FC) without nanosilicon application. The mild water stress (80% FC) combined with foliar application of 1.5 mM nanosilicon led to highest EO content (0.17%) compared with the other treatments. However, the highest content of cannabidiol in the essential oil was achieved in the severe water stress (40% FC) and treatment of 0.5 mM nanosilicon. The results showed that the application of nanosilicon improved the morphological characteristics and also changed the content and compositions of the hemp plants under drought stress conditions.

CFD Simulation and Statistical Analysis of Experimental Designs for Blood Flow in T-Junction Vessels

<p><strong>The blood vessel area that has the greatest chance of atherosclerotic plaque deposition is the bifurcation zone (branching) in the carotid artery. The non-Newtonian fluid of blood has the characteristics of a shear-thinning fluid. Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) simulation is used in this study to analyse hemodynamic in carotid artery flow with variations of vessel geometry. The branching geometry of the arteries is represented by a T-junction model which is the ideal simplified blood vessel geometry model to exhibit the most common behaviour in arterial bifurcations. The geometry of the T branch is varied into 4 different combinations of diameter size. Thus, the 2k factorial experimental design method is also used to investigate the effect of the inflow and outflow domain sizes on the response variables in the form of velocity values, Wall Shear Stress (WSS), and Oscillatory Shear Index (OSI). The results of this simulation can greatly help medical scientists to more easily predict areas that have the potential to form atherosclerotic plaques in the circulatory system.</strong></p><p><strong><em>Keywords</em></strong> - <em>Atherosclerotic Plaque, Blood Vessel, Computational Fluid Dynamics Non-Newtonian Fluid, 2k Factorial Method</em>.</p>

Analysis of the efficiency of Gracilaria domingensis for an integrated multitrophic aquaculture system with Penaeus vannamei

A trial was conducted for 42 days to evaluate the zootechnical performance, water quality and phytoplankton community in an integrated multitrophic system of Penaeus vannamei with Gracilaria domingensis, using two commercial feeds. Three different densities (2.5; 5.0 and 7.5 kg m-3) with two percentages of crude protein (32% and 40%) were tested. The postlarvae were cultured for 42 days in a multitrophic biofloc system in a factorial experimental design (2x4). No significant difference for the water quality variables. For the zootechnical performance, the isolated influence of the density of G. domingensis was not observed, only the effect of the protein on the average final weight, specific growth rate, feed conversion ratio and yield, with better results in treatments with 40% crude protein. The integration with seaweed only influenced the total yield of the system, where these treatments presented higher values (from 3.68 to 8.67 kg m-3). In the phytoplankton community nine genera were identified, with Aphanocapsa being the dominant, without any significant difference among the combinations. Based on the results obtained in this study, it was found that the seaweed G. domingensis can be cultivated in a multitrophic system, without harming the water quality and the zootechnical performance.

An investigation of the drug release kinetics of 3D-Printed two compartment Theophylline and Prednisolone tablets.

Pharmaceutical 3D printing (3DP) not only offers the possibility of dose personalization but also the co-administration of multiple active pharmaceutical ingredients (APIs) in one combination tablet. In this study, Theophylline (TPH) and Prednisolone (PSL) were printed as bi-tablets, which are single tablets with two distinct separate compartments. New findings show that the combination therapy of TPH with systemic corticosteroids shows a highly synergistic effect in the treatment of pulmonary diseases. For TPH, a drug with a narrow therapeutic window (NTW), precise sustained release requirements are mandatory, while PSL requires immediate drug release and is individually administered in doses specifically tied to the treatment progression. The study aims to understand the extent to which the combination of two tablet compartments influences the individual drug dissolution kinetics of the respective single compartments. Utilizing a full factorial statistical experimental design, various practically relevant doses were produced, investigated for their drug release, analyzed using different mathematical model fits, and compared with respective mono-tablets. The results show that the sustained drug release of TPH is not significantly influenced by the addition of a second compartment in relationship to respective doses. Individualization of bi-tablet doses while maintaining similar release profiles is possible with the given design setup, as release curves still show high similarity. In all tablet designs, PSL release occurred sufficiently fast, with the release rate correlating to the surface area-to-volume ratio (SA/V) as the main determining parameter.

Optimizing Carbon Capture and Storage (CCS) through Thermal Biomass Conversion into Terra Preta and Hydrogen: A Short Review

Mitigating climate change and implementing sustainable agricultural practices represent vital global challenges. Innovative solutions like Terra Preta, a biochar-enriched soil amendment, present promising methods to enhance soil health, augment agricultural productivity, and sequester carbon. This review seeks to assess the advancement and optimization of a Carbon Capture and Storage (CCS) framework that transforms thermal biomass into Terra Preta and hydrogen, a sustainable energy byproduct. The review involves an examination of CCS technologies, the thermal conversion of biomass, and the prospective advantages of Terra Preta for agriculture and carbon sequestration. The paper outlines experimental design factors for enhancing Terra Preta production and evaluating its impact on agricultural systems. Key findings show that Terra Preta can significantly enhance soil fertility, augment crop yields, and foster resilience to environmental stressors while sequestering carbon. However, long-term field studies are necessary to comprehensively evaluate the efficacy of Terra Preta across various agricultural systems and climates. These insights allow the continuous advancement of this innovative technique, which possesses the capacity to enhance sustainable agriculture and mitigate climate change. Subsequent research needs to be focused on enhancing production methodologies, investigating the enduring effects of Terra Preta on soil vitality, and analyzing its contribution to the mitigation of greenhouse gas emissions. Funding proposals for additional research and development will be guided by the findings presented in this review.

“I Usually Love Your Posts, but I didn’t Like This One … ” the Role of Masspersonal Factors and Valence of Follower Communication on Influencer Responses, Mood, and Job Satisfaction

ABSTRACT Social media influencers engage in masspersonal communication to build relationships with their audiences, and their followers reciprocate that engagement. These bidirectional interactions can provide the SMI with feelings of support yet may instead elicit psychological harm when interactions are negative. This study tests a masspersonal approach to understanding the effects of negative communication on influencers (N = 229), manipulated in a 2 (valence: positive vs negative) x 2 (accessibility: high vs low) x 2 (personalization: high vs medium) between-subjects factorial design experiment. Valence of communication impacted outcomes, such that those in the positive condition experienced significantly more positive mood and increased likelihood of “liking” or writing a response to the audience communication. Interestingly, job satisfaction was significantly higher for those who viewed negative communication. Highly accessible communication (e.g. comments) were more likely to receive a written response, however, masspersonal factors did not impact any other outcomes.

Study of tamarind (Tamarindus indica L.) seed mucilage extraction process using full factorial design of experiments

The processing of tamarind pulp (Tamarindus indica L.) produces residues such as seeds, bark and fibers, which remain underused. Therefore, taking advantage of fruit residues in the development of new products is a technological alternative that can bring economic benefits to producers and positively impact the environment, leading to more diversified products. A byproduct that is less known and explored is the tamarind mucilage, a neutral polysaccharide biopolymer derived from the endosperm of tamarind seeds, in which it has functions of stabilization, emulsification, thickening, coagulation, water retention and film formation. For mucilage extraction, different temperatures (50, 60 and 70 ºC), pH (4, 7 and 10) and mass ratio (0.015; 0.020 and 0.025 g·g−1) were used for a 23 full factorial design. The resulting mucilage was dried in a circulation at 50 °C for 24 h, obtaining an average yield of 0.019 g mucilage·g−1 seed. The extraction yield is dependent on the pH extraction media and the ratio between seeds and solvent. Also, the polysaccharide chemical structure of the mucilage is confirmed by spectroscopic analysis.

A sensitivity analysis of methodological variables associated with microbiome measurements.

The experimental methods employed during metagenomic sequencing analyses of microbiome samples significantly impact the resulting data and typically vary substantially between laboratories. In this study, a full factorial experimental design was used to compare the effects of a select set of methodological choices (sample, operator, lot, extraction kit, variable region, and reference database) on the analysis of biologically diverse stool samples. For each parameter investigated, a main effect was calculated that allowed direct comparison both between methodological choices (bias effects) and between samples (real biological differences). Overall, methodological bias was found to be similar in magnitude to real biological differences while also exhibiting significant variations between individual taxa, even between closely related genera. The quantified method biases were then used to computationally improve the comparability of data sets collected under substantially different protocols. This investigation demonstrates a framework for quantitatively assessing methodological choices that could be routinely performed by individual laboratories to better understand their metagenomic sequencing workflows and to improve the scope of the datasets they produce.IMPORTANCEMethod-specific bias is a well-recognized challenge in metagenomic sequencing characterization of microbiome samples, but rigorous bias quantification is challenging. This report details a full factorial exploration of 48 experimental protocols by systematically varying microbiome sample, iterations of material production, laboratory personnel, DNA extraction kit, marker gene selection, and reference databases. Quantification of the biases associated with each parameter revealed similar magnitudes of variation arising from real biological differences and from varied analysis procedures. Furthermore, these measurement biases varied substantially with taxa, even between closely related genera. However, computational correction of method bias using a reference material was demonstrated that significantly harmonized metagenomic sequencing results collected using different analysis protocols.

Application of Foliar Fertilizer and Different Substrates on the Growth of Mouriri Guianensis aubl. Seedlings for use in the Ecological Restoration of the Mato Grosso Pantanal

Objective: To evaluate the effect of different substrates and the use of foliar fertilizer on the growth of M. guianensis seedlings in nursery conditions in order to indicate the ideal one for their development. Method: Three types of substrate were used: 100% black soil (TP); 100% soil from the area where the species occurs (TO); 100% Vivatto® commercial substrate (CS). A 2x3 factorial experimental design was adopted. Finally, the parameters used to assess the growth of the seedlings were: height of the aerial part (H), diameter of the neck (DC) and number of leaves of each seedling (NF). Results and conclusion: The results obtained showed significant differences in the characteristics of height and number of leaves in Mouriri guianensis seedlings, with the 100% Vivatto® commercial substrate treatment. There were no significant differences in the use of foliar fertilizer. Implications of the research: The Mouriri guianensis species is extremely important as it provides food for fish and birds, has medicinal uses and is recommended for recovering degraded areas. It is therefore important to obtain information on its production, as well as to assess the quality of the seedlings in alternative substrates. Originality/value: describe the study's contribution to the advancement of science in the field and/or socio-environmental management practices in organizations, in line with the scope of the RGSA.

Analysis of the anthropogenic effect on the Silencio River in Salvador Escalante, Michoacán, México.

The average annual water availability worldwide is approximately 1,386 trillion cubic hectometers (hm3), of which 97.5% is saltwater and only 2.5% is freshwater. Nearly 70% is not available for human consumption as it is in glaciers, snow, and ice. It is estimated that only 0.77% is accessible freshwater for human use. Mexico has an availability of 451,584.7 million cubic meters (m3) of freshwater, with accessibility and distribution being unequal. The growth in urbanization, population, and industrialization has caused a decrease in water quality, and other parameters. Organic and inorganic contaminants evolved from various sources cause the degradation of water quality. The pollution of aquatic bodies, such as rivers and lakes, is one of the main problems in the world. In Salvador Escalante in México, the domestic wastewaters treatment plant (WWTP) is being exposed to effluents contaminated with metals like copper, cadmium, lead, and mercury. In this work, active sludges from the WWTP were analyzed. First, particle size distribution of flocs was measured by a sedimentation process. Secondly, analysis of the tolerance that microorganisms exhibit to metals (i.e., factors) was performed, based on a 2 (4-1) factorial design of experiments at laboratory-scale, measuring pH, chemical oxygen demand (COD) and electrical conductivity (responses). This aims to evaluate the capacity of the WWTP for improve the water quality. Microbiologic cultures were used for a qualitative study of the microorganisms contained in the active sludges; it was found that Enterobacterium does not grow in presence of heavy metals. Cadmium is the most harmful metal for microorganisms according to Pareto diagrams presented in this study.

Feasibility of substituting soda pulping with high consistency kneaded chemi mechanical pulping for discarded oyster farming bamboo scaffolding

In the previous study, discarded oyster farming bamboo scaffolding (BS) demonstrated the potential for application in pulping and papermaking through the soda pulping process. However, soda pulping involves high temperatures and chemical dosages. Therefore, this study develops an alternative pulping process to lower temperature and chemical demands by utilizing a high-consistency kneader (HCK), simultaneously promoting the utilization of BS in pulping and papermaking. This study applies a factorial experimental design to assess the impact of thermo-alkali pretreating conditions (temperature and NaOH dosage) by analyzing pulping yield, freeness, fiber appearance, and handsheet properties. The factorial analysis shows that the temperature and NaOH dosage of thermo-alkali pretreatment significantly affect the pulp properties. The optimal condition of 125℃ and 7.5% NaOH dosage has the highest accepts ratio, the best refining capacity, and the highest handsheet strength. Further compared with previous soda pulping research, utilizing HCK can produce similar pulp properties while increasing the pulping yield and reducing the temperature (-26.5%) and chemical demands (-46.4%). In summary, HCK demonstrates feasibility and potential for application in the pulping process, offering a new perspective on mechanical pulping as presented in this study, while also creating an opportunity to promote BS utilization.

Improving soil fertility in shallot (Allium ascalonicum L.) fields through a bioremediation process using microorganisms and biochar

Abstract The agricultural sector always relates to environmental issues. Pest and disease attacks on crops are the main factors that cause farmers to overuse pesticides. The use of synthetic pesticides has the potential to change soil fertility. This study aims to evaluate the fertility of soil resulting from bioremediation using bacteria and biochar as bioremediation agents in shallot planting soil contaminated chlorpyrifos pesticide. This type of research was an experiment in a shallot field in Siandong Village, Larangan Subdistrict, Brebes Regency. This study used a factorial experimental design with a Completely Randomized Block Design (RCBD), which consisted of 2 factors, namely bioremediation agents and coconut shell biochar, and there were 30 experimental units. Data were analyzed using statistical analysis using T-Test. The result showed that bioremediation agents could decrease soil pH by 15.42%, Organic-C by 11.51%, and soil CEC by 45.29% from the initial soil. However, bioremediation agents could increase soil N-Total by al 49.54%, soil P-Available by 24.69%, and soil K-Available by 82.49% higher than the initial soil. Bioremediation of pesticide-contaminated soil using bacteria and biochar can improve soil fertility. The technology can enhance marginal land and support sustainable agricultural systems.