Abstract

In this present study, switchable hydrophilicity solvent (SHS) was dispersed into water to induce the SHS/water emulsion for the ultrasound-assisted extraction (UAE) and enrichment of polyphenols from grape skin. The single factor experiment design, orthogonal experiment design and Response Surface Methodology (RSM) coupled with Box-Behnken Design (BBD) were successively applied to optimize the extraction. The optimal extraction conditions were as follows: SHS of N,N-Dimethylcyclohexylamine (DMCHA), DMCHA/water volume ratio of 1:1, liquid-solid ratio of 20 mL/g, ultrasound time of 24.93 min, CO2 bubbling time of 120 min and CO2 bubbling rate of 0.25 L/min. Compared to the ethanol-based UAE, the optimal DMCHA/water emulsion-based UAE not only gave a higher extraction yield (14.07%, 49.84% enhanced), but also exhibited the content differences of mono-phenols. Furthermore, the DMCHA/water emulsion-based UAE showed stronger antioxidant activity than that of the ethanol-based UAE. In addition to the low economic cost, low reagent residues and high DMCHA recovery, this proposed extraction method has been proved to be a promising alternative for industrial extraction.

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