Factor Of Economic Growth Research Articles

Application of FOB (Free on Board) Incoterms 2020 in Export Activities of Processed Coconut Products

Export activities in Indonesia are a major factor in the country's economic growth. In 2022, Cumulatively, Indonesia's export value reached US$291.98 billion, up 26.07 percent compared to 2021. Meanwhile, non-oil and gas exports reached US$275.96 billion, an increase of 25.80 percent, so export activities in Indonesia are still a significant factor in the country's economic growth. To regulate export activities that use sea transportation, exporters and importers must pay attention to the trade agreement contained in the International Commercial Terms (Incoterms) 2020; one of the terms is Free on Board (FOB). This study aims to find out how the value of FOB terms is more in the export of goods, especially in processed coconut products. The research method is descriptive qualitative with a structured interview method questionnaire with a rating scale method. The results of the study show that for exporting companies engaged in processed coconut products, FOB terms are most often used with an interval value of 37/40, or in another sense, FOB terms are the most frequently used terms in processed coconut product exporting companies. The advantage of using the FOB term for exporters is that they have responsibility until the cargo arrives on the ship and do not bear shipping costs, so freight fluctuations are avoided. It is the safest for exporters because importers must first open a Letter of Credit (L/C) as collateral and basis for export activities.

The Effect Of Macroeconomic Variables And Sukuk Issuance Value On Profitability Of Sharia Commercial Banks In Indonesia

The growth and development of bank financial institutions is largely determined by the level of profitability resulting from their operational activities. This study aims to find out how the influence of bank external factors in the form of macroeconomic variable indicators consisting of inflation, bi-rate, exchange rate, economic growth, and bank internal factors in the form of the value of issuance of sukuk. This study uses a quantitative method, with multiple linear regression analysis. The results of the study indicate that together the variables of inflation, exchange rate bi-rate, economic growth, and the value of sukuk issuance have a significant effect on profitability. While partially the inflation variable has a significant negative effect on profitability, bi-rate has a negative and insignificant effect on profitability, the exchange rate has a significant negative effect on profitability, economic growth has a positive and significant effect on profitability, and the value of sukuk issuance has a negative and insignificant effect on profitability Commercial Sharia Banks in Indonesia for the 2010-2020 period.

Exploring the Role of Socio-Cultural Factors on the Development of Human Capital in Multi-Ethnic Regions

Human capital is among the most important factors for sustainable economic growth. However, there remains some debate on the factors promoting or inhibiting its development. This research attempts to put socio-cultural factors at the front of this debate. Using econometric models, we exploratively test the influence of a raft of social and cultural variables on human capital development in multi-ethnic regions of Russia. We found that factors such as marriage, divorce, life expectancy, accessibility to education and healthcare, and attitude towards tourism all influence human capital to varying degrees. Domestic tourism, including museum and theatre visits were particularly impactful. We argue that cultural knowledge and exchange can promote socio-cultural harmony in multi-ethnic regions which can contribute to the region’s human capital development. By exploring the impact of socio-cultural factors, we hope to lead towards a holistic understanding of sustainable human capital development.

Human Resources as the Main Direction of the Development of Public Administration of Technological Development in the Context of Digital Transformation

Relevance. The economic success of any state is inextricably linked with the development of education, science and innovative technologies based on them, which contribute to the growth and development of the country as a whole, as well as the creation of conditions for further human development. Attention to the problem of human resource management has increased in recent years, due to the increasing gap between ongoing changes in production (orientation towards innovative development) and their actual state.The development of new technical principles and technologies requires certain models of thinking and action, which are put into practice through the human resource development system. Therefore, when determining the role of human resources in the technological development of countries, it is necessary to pay special attention to education, which is a powerful engine of economic growth that increases the efficiency and competitiveness of national economies. The ongoing changes will require people to develop fundamentally new skills and competencies necessary to participate in the creation and dissemination of digital technologies.The purpose of the study is to identify the relationship between human resources and technological development of the state.Objectives: to analyze the quantity and quality of human resources of the Russian Federation and countries close in terms of technological development, to consider the level of education and the level of economic activity of the population in the Central Federal District and the Kursk region.Methodology. The study is based on a review of the works of domestic economists, analysis of statistical data.Results. In the course of the work, the place of the Russian Federation in the global innovation rating was analyzed, a comparative analysis of the quantity and quality of labor resources with countries in similar positions of the rating was carried out, a more in-depth analysis of the labor resources of the Russian Federation and the Central Federal District was carried out, the influence of human capital on the technological development of the region and countries as a whole was proved. Conclusions. Based on the results of the study, it can be concluded that human capital is recognized as an integral factor of economic growth.

Effectiveness of the economic growth factors: productivity and innovation

The article reveals the modern problem of the rates of economic growth of the Ukrainian economy, as well as other countries, associated with their significant decrease. It is shown that its problem occurrence can also be explained by the lack of attention to the activation of innovative processes in the country during the formation of real economic policy. The assumption is substantiated that this happened due to insufficient prioritization of the separate production factor – innovation, in neoclassical methods of macroeconomic analysis. Therefore, they did not provide the right guidelines for governments in the formation of economic strategies and programs. Such countries demonstrate a stable value of the “GDP gap” against successful countries. Ukraine has been in this trend for many years, not only in relation to the countries – economic leaders, but also to its closest neighbors.A macroeconomic analysis is presented that demonstrates the presence of a “productivity paradox” in many European countries after the 2008 crisis: GDP, measured in current US dollars, exists with minor fluctuations rather than a steady upward trend. It was confirmed that the “GDP gap” did not fundamentally change between groups of countries with different types of economies. It is shown that the emergence of the “productivity paradox” phenomenon is because, against the background of the large-scale development of modern innovation processes, the main indicators of measuring the productivity of labor and other resources have significantly decreased compared to the previous times. Performance statistics of economic growth factors, built on the dominant neoclassical models, show less and less explanatory power for revealing the role of labor productivity in economic growth. This was confirmed by the regression analysis carried out, which proved insufficient attention of Ukrainian economic policy to endogenous factors of innovative development.The analysis of endogenous models of economic growth and Schumpeterian conceptual approaches showed that the key factor of economic growth in modern conditions should be the factor of scientific and technological innovations, because the existing globalization processes and the formation of the Industry 4.0 industries are contributed not only to integration of national economies and the global technological changes, but also condition by the strengthening of the divergence between developed and developing countries. It is shown that these processes occur due to the lack of sufficient own innovation potential of developing countries.
 JEL classіfіcatіon: O11, O20, O32, O38, O40

The Role of Public Debt in Economic Growth: An Empirical Analysis Evidence for Western Balkans and European Countries

Public debt was often considered as a supplementary source of public finances. In six Western Balkan states, a fixed regression model was employed to gauge the effect of public debt on economic growing using panel data. Findings demonstrate that public debt significantly affects economic growth. It was found too that direct foreign investments have a substantial influence into the economic growth. As an option for financing, state governments use external and internal public debt, which is often part of the debate approximately how much public debt should be used. Use of public debt varies from country to country and depends on economic growth and budgetary factors and economic and social demands. Reviewing the literature, it can be observed impact of public debt on overall economy and its growth and this was too used by states as an opportunity for economic growth. This is also reflected in the case of our study where we analyzed the data for EU member countries and Great Britain compared to the Western Balkans countries. During the research it is observed influence of public debt in economic growth on these countries and as such many states have exceeded the limits of the use of public debt based on legal frameworks, with the sole purpose of financing public demands and influence of economic growth. Public debt in this paper identifies the affiliation with economic growth through the specification of linear and non-linear time series models using the panel model for the years 2012-2021 for 35 countries in total. Also, the regression analysis shows us a support and correlation among public debt versus economic growth of countries part of this study. This is observed in developed countries, which have a higher potential and possibility of financing economic activity through public debt, while the Western Balkans countries are often challenged with the possibilities of financing from public debt. As variables we have GDP, Foreign Direct Investments and Inflation.

Altruistic motivation or instrumental motivation: The spatial spillover effect of corporate social responsibility on corporate green innovation.

In recent years, the concept of corporate social responsibility has gained more attention from investors, and green innovation has become a key factor in China's economic growth. Despite this, regional disparities still remain, and the impact of corporate social responsibility on green innovation in local and surrounding areas is worth exploring. This article uses a Spatial Durbin Model to analyze the spatial spillover effect and mechanism of corporate social responsibility on green innovation of A-share listed companies in China from 2010 to 2020. The results show that corporate social responsibility behavior motivated by "tools" has a negative effect on local enterprises' green innovation, while also having a negative spillover effect on surrounding areas, thus affecting the spatial pattern of green innovation. Further research suggests that fulfilling corporate social responsibility can attract investors, alleviate financing constraints, and change corporate resource investment strategies, thus promoting cross-regional resource flow and enhancing green innovation. The results of this study remain consistent when the matrix and variables are changed. This article provides new insights into corporate social responsibility and green innovation, and offers policy recommendations to improve green innovation in enterprises.

Uncertainties and sensitivities in the quantification of future tropical cyclone risk

Tropical cyclone risks are expected to increase with climate change and socio-economic development and are subject to substantial uncertainties. We thus assess future global tropical cyclone risk drivers and perform a systematic uncertainty and sensitivity analysis. We combine synthetic tropical cyclones downscaled from CMIP6 global climate models for several emission scenarios with economic growth factors derived from the Shared Socioeconomic Pathways and a wide range of vulnerability functions. We highlight non-trivial effects between climate change and socio-economic development that drive future tropical cyclone risk. Furthermore, we show that the choice of climate model affects the output uncertainty most among all varied model input factors. Finally, we discover a positive correlation between climate sensitivity and tropical cyclone risk increase. We assert that quantitative estimates of uncertainty and sensitivity to model parameters greatly enhance the value of climate risk assessments, enabling more robust decision-making and offering a richer context for model improvement.

Economic growth factors of industrial and commercial enterprises in coastal cities based on the model of unexpected super efficiency

In order to improve the economic growth efficiency of industrial and commercial enterprises in coastal cities and realize the GDP growth of coastal cities, this paper studies the economic growth factors of industrial and commercial enterprises in coastal cities based on the unexpected super efficiency model. Based on the research and analysis of the previous economic growth theories, this paper finds out the main factors that affect the economic growth of industrial and commercial enterprises in coastal cities, and uses the advanced econometric method to establish the relevant test model to analyze the correlation between the time series of economic growth factors and the time series of coastal cities, so as to realize the economic growth factors of industrial and commercial enterprises in coastal cities Element study. The empirical results show that the main factors affecting the economic growth of industrial and commercial enterprises in coastal cities are capital and labor force, with labor force as the main body; Technical and institutional factors also contribute to the GDP of industrial and commercial enterprises in coastal cities, but the impact is not significant and needs further improvement. In general, these factors can promote the economic growth of industrial and commercial enterprises in coastal cities. The time series and time series of each factor variable are first-order non-stationary series with long-term cointegration relationship.

The Role of Blockchain Technology in Increasing Economic Transparency and Public Trust

Blockchain technology has become one of the most promising technological innovations in recent years. The main advantages of blockchain technology are high transparency, security, and data integrity. Therefore, this technology has attracted attention in various sectors, including the economy. This research aims to examine the role of blockchain technology in enhancing economic transparency and public trust. This study is a literature review that adopts a qualitative method, which means it will analyse and interpret data by utilising information and texts derived from various sources. The results of the study show that blockchain technology has proven itself to be a highly effective tool for achieving this goal. In an increasingly connected and data-dependent society, economic transparency and public trust are key factors in sustainable economic growth and social stability.

Korelasi Antara Human Development Terhadap Anggaran Pertahanan Negara Menurut GDP

Human development is one of the important factors in economic growth. Qualified human resources have high productivity so as to be able to increase the efficiency of economic activity and in the aggregate can affect economic growth. This study aims to describe the relationship between human development and the size of a country's defense budget allocation. This research approach uses descriptive quantitative based on hypothesis testing based on the method of testing hypotheses through chi-square distribution. Through this method, independent variables and dependent variables which consist of several categories are displayed in a table. then, a series of procedures and calculations must be carried out and test criteria must be formulated to determine the null hypothesis status. This study concludes that there is a correlation between human development and a country's defense budget. The correlation value between the two variables is 36.30%.

Energy Consumption, Carbon Emissions, and Economic Growth in Pakistan: A Comprehensive Analysis of Long-Term Relations and Short-Term Dynamics

In the current study, researchers have examined the association among consumption of energy, emission of carbon, and economic growth and investigated along with indicators such as urban population growth and rural population growth, whose data exist from the period 1981-2022. used (ADF) unite root test, ARDL, and bound test. The results based on ARDL models show that a unidirectional long-term relation exists between the variables being examined. In the short term, there is a strong and significant relationship between energy consumption (EC) and carbon emissions with economic gcorowth (GDP). The findings suggest that in Pakistan, energy is a factor for both short and long-term economic growth. Energy consumption, carbon emissions, and rural population growth, while the urban population also influences economic growth. The outcome of these empirical findings suggests that the country should aim at increasing energy consumption with minimum impacts of pollution and achieve energy security. Priority should be given to energy management that combines demand and supply factors. Efforts should be made to promote an adequate energy mix that includes clean, renewable energy and improve energy efficiency in a holistic framework. Environmental degradation, energy consumption, and urbanization policies must be adapted to achieve energy self-sufficiency together with minimum CO2 emissions.

Indeks Pembangunan Manusia, Pertumbuhan Ekonomi, Jumlah Penduduk Terhadap Kemiskinan Jawa Timur 2013-2022

One of the many development problems experienced by an area is poverty. The greater the number of poor people in a region will reflect the inability of the local government to develop and prosper its people. With a poor population of 4.1 million (BPS), East Java Province has the highest number of poor people in Indonesia for the last ten years until 2022. The purpose of this research is to find out how HDI, economic growth, and population factors affect poverty in East Java province with the period from 2013 to 2022. Secondary data obtained from the Central Bureau of Statistics was used in this study. Multiple linear analysis using panel data from East Java Province from 2013 to 2022 is the data analysis technique used in this study. The findings of this study indicate that the Human Development Index, economic growth, and population have a negatif correlation with poverty in East Java province in 2013-2022

The Impact of Urbanization and Population Policy on China’s Economy

Urbanization and Population policies are critical influential factors of economic growth, the quantitative and qualitative methods are applied to analyze the relationship between urbanization, population policy from 1950 to the present. The analysis of the correlations and patterns of urbanization processes and economic growth, allows to make prediction of future trends. China’s economy and urbanization are mutually beneficial. In the process of urbanization, a large quantity of labor has been transferred the secondary and tertiary industries, which significantly improved production efficiency. The population transfers from rural areas to small and medium-sized cities, and from small and mediumsized cities to large cities. The cities in the certain areas form a huge urban agglomeration. This brings a certain imbalanced regional development. People move from the western region to the eastern region because the economy in the eastern coastal area is more developed, with more employment opportunities, infrastructure, and medical care, which leads to imbalanced regional development. Based on the model prediction, the process of urbanization will reach its peak in 2040, and the urbanization rate will be more than 80 percent.

ЕЛЕКТРОННИЙ ДОКУМЕНТООБІГ У ПРОЦЕСІ ВЕДЕННЯ БУХГАЛТЕРСЬКОГО ОБЛІКУ В СУЧАСНИХ УМОВАХ

In modern conditions, digitalization is one of the key factors of economic growth. Taking into account the experience of previous years (the coronavirus pandemic, the beginning of military operations in Ukraine), it can be seen that during a crisis, business entities must quickly adapt to work challenges and adjust their work model to today's requirements. Many business entities prepare financial statements in electronic form, but this is rarely the case for formation of primary accounting documents. The main purpose of the primary document is to confirm the implementation of a certain business transaction at the enterprise. Therefore, the availability of the primary accounting document is a mandatory and important component of the document flow as a whole. In turn, an electronic document should be understood as a document in which information is recorded in an electronic format. However, it should be noted that the requirements for the electronic primary document remain the same as for the paper one, with the preservation of all the necessary details. That is why this article considers the essence of electronic document flow in the accounting process. It researches the main legislative and regulatory acts that ensure the organization of electronic document circulation, in particular primary accounting documents in Ukraine, and their essence. The article defines the main grounds on which the electronic primary document is considered valid and provisions regarding the order of their preservation, requirements of names of the files in which they are saved. It gives opportunities provided by an electronic document management system in modern conditions. The article considers advantages (much higher speed of information dissemination, reduction of paper circulation, cost savings, protection of documents from unauthorized access, etc.) and disadvantages (the need for a high level of protection against unauthorized access to electronic accounting documents, significant cost for the formation of resource support for the operation of electronic document circulation, a high probability of loss of electronic accounting documents in case of spread of viruses, etc.) of the electronic document management system in the accounting process.

Факторы экономического роста: о построении классификации с позиции социологии

The article analyzes the classifications of economic growth factors proposed by Western and Russian scien-tists. In relation to each of them, the possibilities and restrictions accompanying its use are analyzed. It is em-phasized that M. Porter’s classification, despite its importance, is not without its shortcomings, including: the lack of analysis of the contribution of each of the identified factors to the situation of economic growth of socie-ty, applicability only to market-type economies, and attention only to the private sector. In addition, E.R. Salgiriev and colleagues’ classification is presented as an example of a general approach to the analysis of the nature of economic growth factors, which does not define the internal links between the elements. Due to the faulti-ness of the existing typologies, the author’s classification is presented, developed at the level of generalization of the available data, however, further specification of the selected groups of factors is assumed with the pos-sibility of creating their more detailed classifications. The value of a representative development is that it allows a deeper understanding of the social nature of economic growth factors and can serve as the basis for the creation of special technologies for its intensification.

FINANCIAL ASPECTS OF INNOVATIVE DEVELOPMENT

Innovation is a key factor in economic growth and competitiveness. It enables businesses to create new products and services, which increases their efficiency and profitability. However, innovation is costly. It requires significant financial resources, which are not always available to enterprises. This is one of the main problems hindering the innovative development of the economy. The purpose of this article is to study modern approaches to financing innovations, identify the factors that influence the choice of financing sources, identify existing problems, and develop proposals for their solution. The article examines the main sources of financing innovations, which include budget financing, company’s own funds, and attracted and borrowed funds. It argues that effective financing of innovative activity requires a comprehensive approach that takes into account both internal and external factors. Solving the problems of financing innovations and increasing the efficiency of innovative projects is an important task for increasing the competitiveness of the economy. For the successful development of innovations, it is necessary to create a favorable environment for financing and develop effective mechanisms for evaluating the effectiveness of innovative projects. Solving the problems identified during the research will help increase the level of innovative activity in the country and contribute to the growth of its competitiveness.

Dynamics Of Investment Regulation: A Legal Review Of Law No. 25 Of 2007 On Investment In Indonesia In Overcoming The "Investment Ghost"

Investment is one of the important factors in economic growth. Through investment, a country can obtain the capital and technology needed to develop its economy. Indonesia is one of the countries that has great potential to attract foreign investment. However, Indonesia also has a number of challenges in attracting investment, one of which is the "investment ghost". This study aims to provide an overview of how investment regulations in Indonesia have changed and evolved in an effort to overcome the "investment ghost". This study utilizes a qualitative research method. Data is collected through a literature study of various laws and regulations, scientific literature, and related documents. The data that has been collected is then analyzed using three stages, namely data reduction, data presentation and conclusion drawing. The results show that in overcoming investment ghosts, the government overcomes these problems with Law No. 25/2007 on Investment (UUPM). The UUPM adopts the principles of transparency, ease of doing business, and fair business competition. The UUPM also gives greater authority to local governments in organizing investment affairs, which is expected to speed up the investment licensing process and improve coordination between the central government and local governments. Therefore, the UUPM has succeeded in creating a more conducive and attractive investment climate for investors.

When CSR Matters: The Moderating Effect of Industrial Growth Rate on the Relationship between CSR and Firm Performance

Corporate social responsibility (CSR) has become a management strategy that simultaneously pursues societal and company sustainable development. Additionally, CSR is becoming a key strategy to secure competitiveness and sustainability by improving a company’s reputation and creating new business opportunities. Thus, expectations and demands for companies’ social impacts and sustainability from various stakeholders, such as shareholders, consumers, employees, and local communities, have begun to rise. This study focused on the distinctive factor of rapid economic growth, which characterizes Korean development, and analyzed the relationship between CSR and firm performance according to the industries’ growth rates. Regression analysis was conducted through multi-level analysis using data from a sample of 102 companies that prepared sustainability reports or ESG reports in Korea; the research results are as follows. First, CSR activities have a positive impact on firm performance. Second, when CSR activities increase, the firm performance increases faster for companies in the high-growth industry group than those in the low-growth industry group. Furthermore, we conducted additional analyses to examine the moderating effect of industry growth and found that companies in the high-growth industry group had higher overall CSR levels than those in the low-growth industry group. This study’s results provide meaningful implications for understanding how CSR affects a company’s economic performance and acts as a way to strike a balance between industrial development and fulfilling social responsibility.

Analysis of Factors that Influence Investment Decisions with Financial Literacy as a Moderating Variable

Investment is an important driving factor in a country's economic growth. However, in making investment decisions, factors such as fundamental analysis, technical analysis, psychological factors, and financial literacy can influence the results of investment decisions. Therefore, this study aims to analyze these factors and their relationship with investment decisions. This study uses a quantitative method with a descriptive approach. The research subjects were students of the East Java "Veteran" National Development University. Data is collected through a questionnaire that measures the level of influence of these factors on investment decisions, with financial literacy as a moderating variable. The results show that fundamental analysis has limitations because it depends on limited data. Technical analysis also has limitations because it relies on limited historical data and is vulnerable to sudden market changes. Psychological factors, such as self-confidence and risk tolerance, also influence investment decisions. However, financial literacy has only a limited impact on moderating the relationship between these factors and investment decisions. In making investment decisions, factors such as fundamental analysis, technical analysis, and psychological factors play an important role. Although financial literacy can assist in understanding basic financial concepts, its influence on these factors is limited. Therefore, increasing financial literacy among students and the millennial generation is expected to increase their understanding of managing risk and making wiser investment decisions.