Different Types Of Factors Research Articles

1312Population-attributable fraction estimates for factors of different types of anaemia among women: multilevel multinomial analysis

Abstract Background Anaemia is one indicator of poor health in women and responsible for substantial mortality. Assessing the relative impact of predictors for anaemia among women could help to prioritize targeted preventions strategies. This study aimed to quantify the attributable burden of modifiable factors for different severity levels of anaemia among Ethiopian women. Methods Adjusted odds ratio and exposure prevalence for selected factors were used to calculate population attributable fractions using the 2016 Ethiopian Demographic and Health Surveys data. Adjusted odds ratios (AOR) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were computed using multilevel multinomial regression models. Results In Ethiopia, an estimated 14.6% (95% confidence interval, CI: 3.4, 24.5) of mild anaemia was attributable to no formal education, 11.2% (95%CI: 1.2, 19.9) to high gravidity (≥ 4) and 5.2% (95%CI: 0, 10.7) to currently breastfeeding. Similarly, proportion of moderate-severe anaemia attributable to rural residence was 38.1% (95%CI: 15.9, 54.8), poorest wealth quantile was 12.6% (95%CI: 2.9, 24.6), previous five years birth was 10.5% (95%CI: 2.9, 18.2), and unimproved latrine was 17% (95% CI: 0, 32.5). Conclusions The result suggests that low education, low wealth status, high parity, rural residency, pregnancy and breastfeeding contribute substantially to the occurrence of anaemia among women. Key messages Mild anaemia could be reduced by setting intervention strategies targeting women with low education, multigravida women, and breastfeeding women, while preventing moderate-to-severe anaemia may require increasing income, and improving living environments like hygienic latrines.

Analysis of Marine Diesel Engine Emission Characteristics of Different Power Ranges in China

In order to accurately assess China’s port air pollution caused by the shipping industry, two main methods can be used to calculate the emissions of ships, including the method based on ship fuel consumption and the method based on ship activities. Both methods require accurate diesel engine emission factors, or specific emissions. In this paper, the emission characteristics of NOX, CO, CO2 and THC from 197 domestic marine diesel engines were tested under bench test conditions by a standard emission measurement system. The diesel engines were divided into six Classes, A~F, according to their power distribution, and the fuel-based emission factors and energy-based emission factors of marine main engine and auxiliary engine meeting IMO NOX Tier II standards were given. The results showed that the main engine fuel-based emission factors of NOX, CO, CO2 and THC from Class A to Class F were 33.25~76.58, 2.70~4.33, 3123.92~3166.47 and 1.10~2.64 kg/t-fuel, respectively; and the energy-based emission factors were 6.57~11.75, 0.56~0.81, 530.28~659.71 and 0.18~0.61 g/kW h, respectively. The auxiliary engine fuel-based emission factors of NOX, CO, CO2 and THC from Class A to Class D were 27.17~39.81, 2.66~5.12, 3113.01~3141.34 and 1.16~2.87 kg/t-fuel respectively; and their energy-based emission factors were 6.06~8.33, 0.47~0.77, 656.86~684.91 and 0.21~0.61 g/kW h, respectively. The emission factors for different types of diesel engines were closely related to the diesel engine load, and the relation between them could be expressed by quadratic polynomial or power function. The results of this paper provide valuable data for the estimation of waterway transportation exhaust emissions and comprehensive understanding of the emission characteristics of marine diesel engines.

Presence and Determinants of Cardiovascular Disease and Mortality in Individuals With Type 1 Diabetes of Long Duration: The FinnDiane 50 Years of Diabetes Study.

The aim of this study was to determine the incidence of cardiovascular disease (CVD) and mortality as well as their risk factors in type 1 diabetes (T1D) of >50 years' duration. From 5,396 individuals included in the Finnish Diabetic Nephropathy Study (FinnDiane), 729 diagnosed in 1967 or earlier survived with T1D for >50 years. In this FinnDiane 50-year cohort, cumulative incidence of CVD events was assessed from the diagnosis of diabetes, and the excess CVD risk, compared with 12,710 matched individuals without diabetes. In addition, risk factors for different types of CVD (both nonfatal and fatal) and mortality were analyzed, and cause-specific hazard ratios were estimated during a median follow-up of 16.6 years from the baseline visit (median duration of diabetes 39 years at baseline). In individuals with diabetes duration of >50 years, the 60-year cumulative incidence of CVD from the diagnosis of diabetes was 64.3% (95% CI 62.5-66.0). Compared with individuals without diabetes, the standardized incidence ratio for CVD was 7.4 (6.5-8.3); in those with normoalbuminuria, it was 4.9 (4.0-5.9). Mean HbA1c and HbA1c variability, dyslipidemia, BMI, kidney disease, age, and diabetes duration were the variables associated with incident CVD. In particular, HbA1c was associated with peripheral artery disease (PAD). The standardized mortality ratio compared with the Finnish background population was 3.2 (2.8-3.7). The factors associated with mortality were diabetes duration, increased HbA1c variability, inflammation, insulin resistance, kidney disease, and PAD. Individuals with T1D of very long duration are at a high risk of CVD. In addition, throughout the lifespan, optimal glycemic control remains central to CVD and excess mortality prevention.

Evaluation model of key driving factors for different types of demand side distributed power resources to participate in market transactions

Customer side distributed power resources are of great significance for low-cost guarantee of supply and demand balance and system peak shaving, and participation in market transactions is conducive to reducing project operation costs. Connotation and types of customer side comprehensive resources are analyzed, constructing the driving factor index system for customer side resources to participate in market transactions, including three indicators: internal rate of return of project investment, cost performance of participating in transactions and meeting their own electricity demand, and the perfection of supporting policies for participating in transactions, and evaluating the key driving factors for current relatively mature gas-fired CCHP, distributed photovoltaic power generation, electrochemical energy storage and demand side response resources to participate in market trading, putting forward the implementation path suggestions, promoting the large-scale and normalized trading of qualified customer side resources.

Risk Factors for Different Types of Pregnancy Losses: Analysis of 15,210 Pregnancies After Embryo Transfer.

ObjectiveTo evaluate the risk factors for different types of pregnancy losses after embryo transfer (ET).DesignRetrospective cohort study.SettingReproductive medicine center.ParticipantsA total of 15,210 pregnancies after fresh and frozen-thawed embryo transfer between January 2014 and June 2019.Main Outcome MeasuresThe primary outcome was pregnancy loss (PL) throughout the entire pregnancy. Secondary outcomes were non-visualized PL, early miscarriage, late miscarriage, and stillbirth.MethodsThe effect of patients’ baseline characteristics and IVF/ICSI cycle-specific factors on the risk of PL after fresh and frozen-thawed ET was determined by multivariate logistic regression analysis.ResultsCompared to women under 35 years old, those between 35 and 40 had an increased risk of early miscarriage [odds ratio (OR) 1.49, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.22-1.83], while those after 40 appeared to have an increased risk of both early miscarriage (OR 3.82, 95% CI 2.65-5.51) and late miscarriage (OR 2.79, 95% CI 1.64-4.77). Overweight patients were observed to have a higher risk of late miscarriage (OR 1.38, 95% CI 1.16-1.65), while obese patients showed a higher risk of both early miscarriage (OR 1.47, 95% CI 1.14-1.91) and late miscarriage (OR 1.80, 95% CI 1.33-2.44). Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) was an independent risk factor for late miscarriage (OR 1.58, 95% CI 1.28-1.96), and the detrimental effect of PCOS was independent of obesity status. Women with uterine factors had a higher risk of early miscarriage (OR 1.77 (95% CI 1.32-2.38) than women without uterine factors. A negative correlation was observed between the thickness of the endometrium and PL (OR 0.95 95% CI 0.92-0.97). There was an increased risk of PL after frozen-thawed ET versus fresh ET (OR 1.12, 95% CI 1.01-1.24). Women who transferred ≥2 embryos showed lower risk of overall PL than women who transferred a single embryo, with adjusted ORs ranged from 0.57~0.94. However, women who transferred three embryos demonstrated a higher risk of late miscarriage than women who transferred a single embryo (OR 2.23, 95% CI 1.36-3.66).ConclusionsPatients with uterine factors demonstrated higher risk of early miscarriage and stillbirth. Being overweight, PCOS, and transferring three embryos was associated with late miscarriage. Being aged 40 and over, obese, and using frozen embryo transfer was associated with early and late miscarriage.

Outcomes of Management of Proximal Humeral Fractures with Patient-Specific, Evidence-Based Treatment Algorithms.

Previous studies have identified risk factors for different types of treatment of proximal humeral fracture (PHF) and allowed the development of a patient-specific, evidence-based treatment algorithm with the potential of improving overall outcomes and reducing complications. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the results and complications of treating PHF using this algorithmic approach. All patients with isolated PHF between 2014 and 2017 were included and prospectively followed. The initial treatment algorithm (Version 1 [V1]) based on patients' functional needs, bone quality, and type of fracture was refined after 2 years (Version 2 [V2]). Adherence to protocol, clinical outcomes, and complications were analyzed at a 1-year follow-up. The study included 334 patients (mean age, 66 years; 68% female): 226 were treated nonoperatively; 65, with open reduction and internal fixation (ORIF); 39, with reverse total shoulder arthroplasty (RTSA); and 4, with hemiarthroplasty. At 1 year, the preinjury EuroQol 5-Dimension (EQ-5D) values were regained (0.88 and 0.89, respectively) and the mean relative Constant Score (CS) and Subjective Shoulder Value (SSV) (and standard deviation [SD]) were 96% ± 21% and 85% ± 16%. Overall complications and revision rates were 19% and 13%. Treatment conforming to the algorithm outperformed non-conforming treatment with respect to relative CS (97% versus 88%, p = 0.016), complication rates (16.3% versus 30.8%, p = 0.014), and revision rates (10.6% versus 26.9%, p < 0.001). Treating PHF using a patient-specific, evidence-based algorithm restored preinjury quality of life as measured with the EQ-5D and approximately 90% normal shoulders as measured with the relative CS and the SSV. Adherence to the treatment algorithm was associated with significantly better clinical outcomes and substantially reduced complication and revision rates. Therapeutic Level III. See Instructions for Authors for a complete description of levels of evidence.

Numerical calculation of the intercept factor for parabolic trough solar collector with secondary mirror

The intercept factor is the most complex parameter involved in determining the optical efficiency of a parabolic trough solar collector. A numerical algorithm method was proposed to calculate the intercept factors of a parabolic trough solar collector using the Gauss error function and a Python program. The results indicate that the intercept factors can be calculated quickly and conveniently using the proposed method. We also introduced a numerical solution to calculate the intercept factor of the parabolic trough solar collector, which can provide accurate interception factors for different types of secondary reflection concentrators. The new analytical method was validated and benchmarked against a Gauss error function and Python program, demonstrating that the deviations were below 0.0015% for most cases studied. The primary goals of this study were to determine an appropriate numerical method to solve the intercept factors and errors for different secondary mirror types and to incorporate the selected intercept factor calculation into a secondary mirror design for a parabolic trough solar collector under various conditions.

The Most Prominent Hemophilia Clotting Factors in the Province of Nineveh

Background: Hemophilia is a recessive mutation in X-linked chromosome. Hemophilia A is characterized by a deficiency of clotting factor F-VIII. Hemophilia B is characterized by a deficiency of clotting factor F-IX. Fibrin Stabilizer is a deficiency of F-XIII. Alexander's disease is a deficiency of clotting factor F-VII. Von Willebrand disease is a deficiency of clotting factor VWF. Afibrinogenemia is a deficiency of clotting factor F-I. Aim: This study amid to find out prevalence of deficiency clotting factors in Nineveh province. Methods: This research was conducted at Ibn-Sina Teaching Hospital. Staco special kits were used to determine factors under the study. Results: 365 out of 829 total patients have been detected deficiency in one or more of different types of factors. The most prevalence of deficiency factors in Nineveh are F-VIII, FIX and VWF. Infected males are more than females. The ages between 1-20 years and blood groups (A⁺, B⁺, and O⁺) are most prevalent. Conclusions: It is necessary to monitor patients during the initial disease, follow it up, and use effective treatment methods to limit the increased number of cases. Moreover, it is necessary to follow up on the family's genetic history to avoid new infections.

Temporal and spatial diagnostic model of vehicle gas pollutants.

In this paper, the gas pollutants in motor vehicle exhaust are taken as the research object. The diagnostic index system of motor vehicle gas pollutants on environmental pollution is constructed, based on the environmental pollution caused by motor vehicle exhaust. The emission intensity of various types of vehicles was studied. The least-square method is used to construct the diagnostic functions of different types of vehicle gas pollutants; the vehicle emission factors of different types of motor vehicle gas pollutants are obtained. By exploring the spatial-temporal correlation of vehicle emissions under traffic conditions, uncertainty mathematical theory is used to establish a spatial-temporal diagnosis model of vehicle gas pollutants on environmental pollution, and multiple correlation coefficients are used to conduct accuracy test. The research results can not only determine the pollution problem of motor vehicle emissions to the environment but also effectively evaluate the emission level of gas pollutants in the exhaust gas of motor vehicles. The application results show that the spatial-temporal diagnostic model of vehicle gas pollutants for environmental pollution has better guiding significance and practical value in solving environmental pollution problems.

Using Artificial Intelligence to Estimate the Probability of Forest Fires in Heilongjiang, Northeast China

Although low-intensity forest fires are a necessary part of healthy echo system, high-intensity forest fires continue to affect the diversity of forest ecosystems and species. Therefore, it is necessary to study the driving factors of forest fires and explore their possible locations and probabilities in complex forest terrain. In this article, we determined the relative influences of different types of factors on the occurrence of forest fires in Heilongjiang forest areas and compared the performance of artificial neural networks and logistic regression for wildfire prediction. By analyzing Heilongjiang forest fire data from 2002 to 2015 and constructing a model, we found that climate factors, topographical factors, and vegetation type factors play a crucial role in Heilongjiang’s wildfires. During the fire prevention period, temperature and wind speed have a more significant influence than other factors. According to the variable screening that we conducted, the model built by the variables that we used can predict 84% of forest fires in Heilongjiang Province. For recent wildfires (2019–2020) in most areas, we can use artificial neural networks for relatively accurate verification (85.2%). Therefore, artificial neural networks are very suitable for the prediction of forest fires in Heilongjiang Province. Through the prediction results, we also created a probability distribution map of fire occurrence in the study area. On this basis, we also analyzed the changes in the probability of natural fires under the weather changing trend, which can effectively aid in fire prevention and extinguishment.

Degrees of necessity and of sufficiency: Further results and extensions, with an application to covid-19 mortality in Austria.

The purpose of this paper is to extend to ordinal and nominal outcomes the measures of degree of necessity and of sufficiency defined by the authors for dichotomous and survival outcomes in a previous paper. A cause, represented by certain values of prognostic factors, is considered necessary for an event if, without the cause, the event cannot develop. It is considered sufficient for an event if the event is unavoidable in the presence of the cause. The degrees of necessity and sufficiency, ranging from zero to one, are simple, intuitive functions of unconditional and conditional probabilities of an event such as disease or death. These probabilities often will be derived from logistic regression models; the measures, however, do not require any particular model. In addition, we study in detail the relationship between the proposed measures and the related explained variation summary for dichotomous outcomes, which are the common root for the developments for ordinal, nominal, and survival outcomes. We introduce and analyze the Austrian covid‐19 data, with the aim of quantifying effects of age and other potentially prognostic factors on covid‐19 mortality. This is achieved by standard regression methods but also in terms of the newly proposed measures. It is shown how they complement the toolbox of prognostic factor studies, in particular when comparing the importance of prognostic factors of different types. While the full model's degree of necessity is extremely high (0.933), its low degree of sufficiency (0.179) is responsible for the low proportion of explained variation (0.193).

Random access conflict resolution of preamble waiting list based Game-theory

With the development of mobile communication network, Internet of things and communication base station, super reliable transmission of communication signal and super anti-interference ability, mobile communication technology has been popularized in various industries, and a large number of products have emerged in communication technology and related applications. However, the increase in the number of products has caused a huge load to the mobile base station. The limited access resources of mobile base station also bring high access delay and high access conflict risk to access equipment. Random access is the first step of equipment access to mobile communication network. It can reasonably allocate access resources in the process of random access, which will effectively control the access conflict in the process of large-scale equipment access. Based on this, this paper proposes a solution to the random access conflict of packet preamble based on waiting queue list. The scheme introduces ACB(Access Class Barring) access factor for different types of access devices At the same time, the preamble resources are grouped to reduce the load of single base station. The access probability of different demand types of equipment is continuously balanced by game model, which reduces the access probability of non-demand equipment and improves the access probability of demand equipment. Considering the conflict of retransmission waiting time and retransmission success probability in random access process, and the waste of access resources in mobile communication system, a preamble waiting queue list mechanism is proposed. This mechanism can reduce the repeated access and retransmission waiting of access devices by reasonably scheduling them to a high idle waiting queue The resulting access delay improves the access efficiency of the device, reduces the resource idle degree of the mobile communication system, and improves the resource utilization rate.

Quantitative evaluation of water injection composition in high injection-production ratio blocks - Taking Chao 5 well block as an example

The injection-production ratio of the oilfields in the periphery of the Changyuan Placanticline is high. The cumulative injection-production ratio of the main oilfields in the Putaohua oil layer is between 1.29-2.46, and the cumulative injection-production ratio of the main oilfields in the Fuyang oil layer is between 1.98-2.65. At present, the viewpoints of high cumulative injection-production ratio and large ineffective water injection are generally concentrated on unmarked reservoir sandstone sections, water absorption by shale, overflow along faults and fracture systems, measurement errors, and pipeline leakage. In response to the above problems, this paper takes the Chao 5 well block as an example, establishes a block-wide numerical simulation model, carries out a quantitative evaluation of the water injection composition of a high injection-production ratio block, and analyzes the main controlling factors of different types of water injection. The research results show that the water absorption of the reservoirs in the North Chao 5-Chao 5 block accounts for 55%, the unmarked reservoir section absorbs 28%, and the mud shale absorbs 8%; the overflow of water drops to 12%. The research content of this article has a certain guiding significance for improving the level of oilfield water injection development and ensuring the efficient and sustainable development of oilfields.

Symptoms and perceptions of risk factors among cancer patients attending a tertiary care hospital in Chandigarh, North India

Background: With growing incidence of cancer, it is of prime interest to study views of cancer patients regarding their perceptions regarding cancer cure and its risk factors. The objective of the study was to explore opinions of cancer patients regarding the disease and perceived risk factors of various cancers.Methods: Results of present study are based on part of detailed findings of ICMR sponsored project wherein perceptions and beliefs of cancer patients were explored by interview method.Results: Study included 1117 new cancer patients including 501 (44.9%) males and 616 (55.1%) females representing different socio-economic classes. Spectrum of cases showed breast cancer (18.3%), head and neck cancer (10.2%) and cervical cancer (9.1%) as three major types of cancers. About 43% respondents were of the opinion that cancer can be curable and 15.0% thought it was due to displeasure of God. Symptoms of cancer perceived by them included mainly weakness and fatigue, loss of appetite and weight loss, indigestion or difficulty in swallowing as reported by 729 (65.3%), 568 (50.9%), 341 (30.5%) patients, respectively. Varied perceptions of patients regarding risk factors for different types of cancers were also reported.Conclusions: The study reported several misconceptions regarding cancer and risk factors perceived by cancer patients. There is an urgent need of health education to be made an integral part of cancer cure to avoid those misconceptions of patients prevent the disease and for better treatment outcomes. More in-depth studies are required to explore further opinions and to ascertain the findings.

EXAMINING THE KEY SUCCESS FACTORS IN AFRICA BASED ON 3 ASPECTS: ADAPTATION, EFFICIENCY AND STRATEGIC POSITIONING FROM A SURVEY ON ENTREPRENEURS IN BURKINA FASO

The main purpose of this paper is to examine the different types of factors in the African business context and in particular in the context of Burkina Faso, that can help companies to be successful. It is about the identification of the key successful factor among some main factors such as adaptation, efficiency and strategic positioning The data is from a survey on entrepreneurs in Burkina Faso, who attended the Africallia business meeting in 2018. The results show that the adaptation to the context is one of the main factors for business success. Thus, the suggestion is that companies should adapt to the African context in order to improve their profit, performance and thus gain a tremendous success. Keywords: Success Factors, Business, Companies, Adaptation, Efficiency, Strategic Positioning, Africa.

Clinical characteristics and risk factors of different types of Bile Duct Cancer in Upper Egypt

Background: Cholangiocarcinoma (CCA) is a cancer that emerges from the biliary epithelium neoplastic transformation and has a steadily increasing incidence and prevalence. It is the 2ndmost prevalent primary hepatic cancer, accounting for around 15% of cases and 3% of GITcancers. Objectives: are to determine risk factors and prevalence for various forms of Cholangiocarcinoma (CCA). Method: A prospective study was conducted at Qena university hospital on 62 patients with cholangiocarcinoma proved by imaging, cytological or pathological evidence. Complete full history was taken, then full clinical examination and laboratory study were done. Result: Prevalence of distal cholangiocarcinoma was 56.5%, but hilar cholangiocarcinoma was 43.5% (n=27). A significant relation between gender and type of cholangiocarcinoma, where hilar type was more common among females P value= 0.02. Also, a significant relation between smoking and obesity and type of cholangiocarcinoma where distal type was more common among smokers and obese patients (P = 0.05 and P=0.03 respectively). Conclusion:Gender variation, smoking and obesity are the most important risk factors of cholangiocarcinoma, with hilar type more common among females, distal type more common among smokers and obese patients. Distal cholangiocarcinoma is more prevalent than hilar cholangiocarcinoma (56.5% and 43.5% respectively).

Sustainable Transfer of Tomato Landraces to Modern Cropping Systems: The Effects of Environmental Conditions and Management Practices on Long-Shelf-Life Tomatoes

The individual effects of biotic and abiotic factors on tomatoes have been widely reported. However, under commercial conditions, multiple interactions between factors occur, masking or even changing the direction of their effects in some cases. Here we report a comprehensive analysis of preharvest factors affecting yield, quality (soluble solids content, fruit color, and firmness), and shelf-life of long-shelf-life Mediterranean varieties of tomatoes. We studied five long-shelf-life genotypes under 16 growing environments, including tunnel and open-air systems and suboptimal to excessive fertigation (22–142% crop evapotranspiration). The results enabled us to classify traits into three groups according to the importance of the contributions of different types of factors: mainly genotype (ripening earliness and firmness), genotype plus environment (yield, fruit weight, water-use efficiency (WUE)), or genotype plus environment plus the interaction between genotype and environment (cracking, soluble solids content, and shelf-life). Under similar management practices, open-air conditions optimized yields, and high fertigation doses improved yield and marketability (firmness), but reduced quality (redness and soluble solids content). WUE was maximized under low-input cropping systems (comparable to traditional agrosystems), and the balance between WUE and yield was optimized when fertigation was adjusted to the requirements of the crop. Shelf-life was negatively correlated with high-yielding environments, and day–night amplitude in relative humidity was strongly correlated with the incidence of fruit cracking. The present study sheds light on the contributions of environment and management practices on tomato yield and quality, and provides a basis on which to select better management practices for the novel commercial group of European long-shelf-life tomato landraces.

Corrections for photons attenuation and scattering for the extrapolation chamber for measurement of air-kerma strength of 125I brachytherapy source

A type of extrapolation chamber was designed in China Institute of Atomic Energy, CIAE. The chamber was used for the measurement of the air-kerma strength of the medical radiation 125I source on primary standard level. In order to obtain the air-krema strength with a low uncertainty, some correction factors such as photon attenuation and scattering are needed to calculate. Correction factors for different types of 125I seeds were estimated with increasing chamber depth. Based on the relation between ionization current and average photon fluence, attenuation correction factors were calculated with the analytical solution. Additionally, the scattering correction factors were estimated by a suitable method of Monte Carlo simulation. Photon attenuation includes four components. katt-volume, katt-foil, katt-sf, and katt-Al. The differences of correction factors are concerned, mainly due to the variation of chamer depths and 125I seed types. katt-volume increases from 1.001 to 1.005. katt-foil varies between 1.0012 and 1.0014. katt-sf changes from 1.015 to 1.018. katt-Al varies between 1.038 and 1.048, which largely depend on the photon spectrum from the source. Meanwhile, the geometric dimension of the ionization chamber has a great influence on the scattering correction factors. The ksca values vary from 0.9960 to 0.9964 with different chamber depths, which only has 0.04% fluctuation.

Heat transfer characteristics of graphite welding pool in penetration brazing of Cu/Ni dissimilar metal wires

In order to discuss the heat transfer characteristics of the graphite welding pool and the copper electrode, in penetration brazing of Cu/Ni dissimilar metal wire. A mathematical model for electrothermal coupling, on penetration brazing of Cu/Ni dissimilar metal wire, is developed, to describe temperature distribution and influence factors of different types of graphite welding pool and copper electrode, using simulation and experimental tests. The simulation results show that temperatures of the common graphite welding pool is 749.88°C, while the experimental results show that temperatures of the common graphite welding pool is 752.23°C, and the corresponding temperature range of the copper electrode is 236.5°C to 752.23°C, respectively. Furthermore, the length of the copper electrode at high temperature is 16 mm. Since the common graphite has the lowest thermal conductivity, higher thermal resistance, at the contact interface, is developed, while the contact heat, transferred to electrode, is reduced. Last, the heat transfer effect of the common graphite is stronger than that of fine graphite, isostatic graphite and molded graphite.

Experimental study on load capacity of thermal generator unit in heating season

With the development of renewable energy and the rapid growth of thermal load, due to the influence of the mode of “determining power by heat”, the power grid dispatching in heating season can not accurately adjust the unit load, and the peak load regulation capacity of power grid is limited. Through the load capacity test of cogeneration units in heating season, the adjustment range and limiting factors of different types of units are obtained, which can be used as reference for power generation enterprises and power grid dispatching operation.