Fact-finding Survey Research Articles

직장 내 괴롭힘 방지 조치에 따른 건강영향에 대한 비용편익분석

Purpose : This study conducted a cost-benefit analysis on workplace harassment to identify factors caused by bullying in the workplace and included an analysis of the cost and benefit. Method : This study was based in the year 2017 when the cost benefit analysis was done. As costs preceded benefits, the estimated period of cost and benefits was set for 10 years. The subjects were total of 12,790,043 full-time workers from 324,841 workplaces of over 10 employees in 2017. In addition, the government's expenses to prevent workplace distress were classified into prevention, response, and management of harassment. The expenses were covered for education booklets, manual development, employer recommendation monitoring, fact-finding survey, and counseling on workplace harassed workers. Benefits ncluded decreases in suicide deaths, occupational diseases, mental health problems, and physical health problems. Results : First, the net profit of the cost benefit analysis on the health effects of workplace bullying was 244,630,019,026 won, and the benefit was 2.35 times higher than the cost even if the benefit was reduced by 14%. Second, as a result of increasing the cost by 140% and reducing the benefit by 14% through sensitivity analysis, the benefit was 1.45 times higher than the cost. Conclusion : In this study, a policy alternative should be presented to prepare effective workplace bullying prevention and follow-up measures in Korea by conducting a cost-benefit analysis on workplace bullying. It is proposed that research on the effect of preventing bullying in the workplace be conducted in the future.

학교스포츠정책, 운동부 활동의 위기와 개혁 : 일본의 사례를 중심으로

Recently, Japan"s Sports Agency saw that it was difficult to sustain the school sports club"s activities amid a sense of crisis such as the low birth rate, therefore Agency formulated a comprehensive guideline for sports club activities to solve this problem. This study examines the background and decision process of policy making, the overall composition and content of the guideline, and the series of processes of policy implementation, focusing on the guidelines. First, in addition to the decrease in the number of students, the Japan Sports Agency recognized that the current situation is not a good sports environment for children, considering the diversity of students" demands for sports activities, the decrease in teachers, and the increase in burden. Second, Japan held a review meeting composed of a total of 20 experts from all walks of life, and made efforts to develop guidelines to increase the effectiveness of field application, such as conducting a hearing survey as well as a fact-finding survey. Third, Japan has established a plan to move the school sports club activities nationwide from 2023, while establishing a systematic management and operating system by providing related publications in consideration of the fact that there are areas that have already taken precedence. It does not simply separate sports club activities from schools, but also guarantees children"s opportunities to participate in sports from a macro perspective to create a sustainable sports environment in the local area. In the future, it is thought that Japan will see a paradigm shift in sports policy that places importance on “cooperation and convergence” between schools and regions. In light of the Japan’s actions, the following investigations will be needed for Korea’s sport club policy, particularly in preparation for the low fertility problem: whether it operates school sports club activities that meet the needs of children; what is the educational meaning and value of school sports club activities; and whether there is anything worth disseminating or promoting in the Korean-style school sports club activities to the world. In addition, it is necessary for the Korean policy policymakers to discuss the countermeasures to succeed and develop the activities of the school sports department as soon as possible with the sports circle, educational relations, government policy officials, and even civic groups before it is too late.

미국 CMMC 제도 대응을 위한 통합실태조사 제도 개선 연구

Recently, thanks to the rapidly growing K-defense industry, Korea's defense industry is rising as one of the world's top 10 powerhouses, and insider information leakage and cyber hacking attacks targeting core defense industry technologies are continuously increasing. The need for defense technology protection is increasing. In response, the government enacted the Defense Industrial Technology Protection Act and conducted annual integrated fact-finding surveys on defense companies to check their cyber security systems. Meanwhile, the US government, which holds the leadership in the defense industry market, is threatening the growth of the domestic defense industry by implementing the CMMC (Cyber Security Maturity Model Certification) system and planning to require CMMC certification from companies in other countries. In this paper, an integrated fact-finding survey improvement model was designed through the analysis of the integrated fact-finding survey checklist and CMMC control items that investigate the cyber security reality of the defense industry, and a solution was proposed for elements not included in CMMC, and the CMMC system was implemented in Korea. Suggested countermeasures for a soft landing. The government and academia are reviewing various policy measures to respond to the US CMMC, such as preparing the K-CMMC certification system. Therefore, this study is expected to help settle the K-CMMC system in the future.

An adolescent and young adult (AYA) cancer education initiative aimed at healthcare students in Japan.

The focus on cancer in adolescents and young adults (AYA) has increased in recent years. We participated in an event called AYA week 2021 as part of a research project of the Ministry of Health, Labour and Welfare (MHLW) and conducted a fact-finding survey to collect information for raising public awareness of AYA-generation cancers and to improve support for AYA-generation cancer patients. A 25-item questionnaire survey was conducted through requests sent to the deans of medical schools and presidents of related universities across Japan and by advertising on social networking sites and friendship networks. Furthermore, the effects of a lecture given by three cancer survivors on their cancer experience were examined. A total of 1288 healthcare students participated. The most common age group was between 20 and 24years, with the majority being medical students (83%). The AYA cancer-educated population had more knowledge about AYA-generation cancers than the overall group. At present, very few people are familiar with AYA-generation cancers (30.5%), which highlights the importance of school education. There were 163 participants who attended the lecture given by the cancer survivors, of whom 108 completed the questionnaire. The results showed high participant satisfaction related to the lecture given by cancer survivors, suggesting that such lectures could help educate and raise awareness about AYA-generation cancers. The knowledge survey and lecture given by cancer survivors had educational effects. Many healthcare students responded positively, suggesting the efficacy of these types of initiatives.

Nationwide time-series surveys of pressure ulcer prevalence in Japan

The Japanese Society of Pressure Ulcers (JSPU) has two purposes: first, to improve knowledge and skills among health professionals related to preventing and managing pressure ulcers (PUs); and second, to represent those in the field managing PUs, including with government and health authorities. Since 2006, JSPU has conducted fact-finding surveys about every four years to identify PU prevalence in Japan (2006, 2010, 2013 and 2016). Based on the prevalence identified by these surveys, an attempt was made to validate the achievements of JSPU's activities. Information from one-day surveys of hospitals, long-term care health facilities, long-term care welfare facilities, and home visit nursing care stations was analysed. We used generalised estimating equations to estimate the proportions of PUs and their 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for each survey. A total of 662,419 patients in 2631 facilities participated in the surveys. The estimated proportions for all facilities (95% CI) in chronological order, from the first to the fourth survey, were: 2.67% (2.52-2.83); 2.61% (2.43-2.80); 1.99% (1.83-2.17); and 1.79% (1.65-1.94), respectively. In all facility types, the proportion of PUs was lower in the fourth survey than the first survey. The proportion of PUs showed a decreasing trend and was low according to global standards, demonstrating the efficacy of JSPU's activities.

1인가구 증가에 따른 고독사 예방을 위한 법제 개선

One-person households that are rapidly growing these days brought about so many changes enough to alter the direction of various policies. One-person households increased by about 27.5% in five years from 5,618,677 households in 2017 to 7,165,788 households in 2021. This growth appeared to be an increasing trend overall in their 10s, 20s, 30s, 40s, 50s, 60s, and their 70s and older. A one-person household implies the one that a household of living on his or her own or one person of living alone independently earns a living such as cooking, sleeping and so on. An increase in one-person households can be considered to be shown by the causes such as a change in consciousness about marriage, the family dissolution and financial poverty due to separation, divorce, graduation from marriage, etc., and the the growth in elderly single households owing to aging. The existing lonely death was focused on the issue of the lonely death in the elderly. Thus, the policy efforts have been made against it. However, the likelihood of dying alone is mounting recently in case of the social isolation due to the disconnection of personal relationships among one-person households. A rise in one-person households is suggesting that the lonely death may be seen from all age groups, not the problem according to aging any more. The 「Act on the Prevention and Management of Lonely Death」, which has been in effect since April 1, 2021, established a legal basis for it as there is a need for the integrated and systematic policy promotion at the national level such as arranging a support system in line with the characteristics of the subjects based on the accurate survey, the systematic survey and research of the lonely death to avoid the lonely death. But a confusion is being created because of being not specified the clear definition of lonely death, and the criteria for conducting a fact-finding survey. With being carried out every five years, the direction of diverse policies was changed due to a rise in one-person households by 27.5% in 5 years. In light of this, there is a doubt about the effectiveness of a customized policy depending on a survey on the actual conditions of single-person households because the fact-finding period is long. Also, a necessary measure should be taken with regard to the early detection of people at risk of dying alone among one-person households. Still, to enforce this action, the relevant professionals must be cultivated. Nevertheless, just with the grounds for an effort to devise a measure against it, there is a lack of specific contents to strengthen expertise. Accordingly, through revising the 「Act on the Prevention and Management of Lonely Death」, there is a need to establish a legal basis available for preventing the lonely death in one-person households and to heighten the effectiveness of the policy by changing the fact-finding survey of being conducted every five years to three years. Effective policies will be in place to block the lonely death only when analyzing a cause for it and improving legislation suitable for it after grasping the present status of the lonely death through the fact-finding survey on this with recognizing the lonely death according to a rise in one-person households as a social issue. In addition, there is a need to reduce the problems caused by a welfare blind spot through expanding the dedicated professionals and enhancing the expertise and to develop the standardized guidelines to combat the lonely death. This legislative improvement will lead to preventing lonely death in one-person households and to making it possible for living a human life, resulting in being capable of realizing the promotion of the welfare of the people.

1인가구 증가에 따른 고독사 예방을 위한 법제 개선

One-person households that are rapidly growing these days brought about so many changes enough to alter the direction of various policies. One-person households increased by about 27.5% in five years from 5,618,677 households in 2017 to 7,165,788 households in 2021. This growth appeared to be an increasing trend overall in their 10s, 20s, 30s, 40s, 50s, 60s, and their 70s and older. A one-person household implies the one that a household of living on his or her own or one person of living alone independently earns a living such as cooking, sleeping and so on. An increase in one-person households can be considered to be shown by the causes such as a change in consciousness about marriage, the family dissolution and financial poverty due to separation, divorce, graduation from marriage, etc., and the the growth in elderly single households owing to aging. The existing lonely death was focused on the issue of the lonely death in the elderly. Thus, the policy efforts have been made against it. However, the likelihood of dying alone is mounting recently in case of the social isolation due to the disconnection of personal relationships among one-person households. A rise in one-person households is suggesting that the lonely death may be seen from all age groups, not the problem according to aging any more. The 「Act on the Prevention and Management of Lonely Death」, which has been in effect since April 1, 2021, established a legal basis for it as there is a need for the integrated and systematic policy promotion at the national level such as arranging a support system in line with the characteristics of the subjects based on the accurate survey, the systematic survey and research of the lonely death to avoid the lonely death. But a confusion is being created because of being not specified the clear definition of lonely death, and the criteria for conducting a fact-finding survey. With being carried out every five years, the direction of diverse policies was changed due to a rise in one-person households by 27.5% in 5 years. In light of this, there is a doubt about the effectiveness of a customized policy depending on a survey on the actual conditions of single-person households because the fact-finding period is long. Also, a necessary measure should be taken with regard to the early detection of people at risk of dying alone among one-person households. Still, to enforce this action, the relevant professionals must be cultivated. Nevertheless, just with the grounds for an effort to devise a measure against it, there is a lack of specific contents to strengthen expertise. Accordingly, through revising the 「Act on the Prevention and Management of Lonely Death」, there is a need to establish a legal basis available for preventing the lonely death in one-person households and to heighten the effectiveness of the policy by changing the fact-finding survey of being conducted every five years to three years. Effective policies will be in place to block the lonely death only when analyzing a cause for it and improving legislation suitable for it after grasping the present status of the lonely death through the fact-finding survey on this with recognizing the lonely death according to a rise in one-person households as a social issue. In addition, there is a need to reduce the problems caused by a welfare blind spot through expanding the dedicated professionals and enhancing the expertise and to develop the standardized guidelines to combat the lonely death. This legislative improvement will lead to preventing lonely death in one-person households and to making it possible for living a human life, resulting in being capable of realizing the promotion of the welfare of the people.

정신과적 응급대응 현장출동 및 심리적 외상 실태연구

The purpose of this study is to identify the situation of psychiatric emergency response and psychological trauma focusing on the mental health welfare center in Busan, and to establish of support plan for performing manpower. To this end, a fact-finding survey was conducted targeting performing manpower who are working at the Mental Health Welfare Center in Busan and have experience in psychiatric emergency response. The main results of the study are as follows. First, first, it was found that the preparation process for psychiatric emergency response was insufficient, and they were put into the filed. Second, among the difficulties experienced by psychiatric emergency response performing manpower, it was found that communication and relationships with related organizations and personnel related operations. Third, the mental health of psychiatric emergency response performing manpower appeared to be at a risk level in terms of psychological trauma. Finally, the demand for support for psychiatric emergency response performing manpower was found to be high. Based on these results, the mental emergency response system and performing manpower are supported and suggestions for improvement are as follows. First, it is necessary to systematically and regularly conduct a detailed survey on the psychiatric emergency response. Second, an education and training system for psychiatric emergency response should be prepared. Third, an intervention plan for the mental health of psychiatric emergency response performing manpower should be sought. To this end, qualitative research on the experiences of field personnel and follow-up research for the development of training and education courses are needed.

장애친화적 캠퍼스를 위한 교육복지시설에 관한 연구

The purpose of this study is to provide design guidelines necessary for creating disability-friendly campuses. To this end, a literature survey and a survey on the current educational welfare facilities for disabled college students were conducted. The fact-finding survey was conducted in writing and visiting evaluations on 19 campuses located in Gangwon-do(province). The results of this study are summarized as follows: 1) The college enrollment rate of the disabled has doubled since 2000, but it was found to be half of the enrollment rate based on school enrollment, and the number of students who gave up in the middle is increasing. This is due to an obstacle in the learning environment, so it is necessary to improve welfare facilities. 2) As a result of evaluating the status of educational welfare support for students with disabilities, it was found that the overall evaluation result was improved, but the absolute evaluation result was less than 70%, and it was not improved. 3) As a result of evaluating the actual conditions of the intermediate facilities, indoor facilities, sanitary facilities, guidance and other facilities, and unit spaces, it is necessary to expand and improve them due to the lack of disabled parking marks, continuity of access roads, pedestrian safety passages, lifts, and rest areas for the disabled.

초등학생 상담경험 실태와 학교적응도, 자기주도학습력 간의 관계

Objectives In this study, the purpose of this study was to identify the difference between school adaptation and self-directed learning ability according to the background variables of counseling experience(counseling location, type of counselor, perception of counseling experience) and counseling experience in the relationship between the counseling experience, school adaptation, and self-directed learning ability of elementary school students.
 Methods A fact-finding survey on the background of general counseling experience, school adaptability (Jo Soo-jeong, 2014), and self-directed learning ability test (Lee Kyung-hwa, Kim Soo-yeon, 2018) were conducted on 3rd to 6th graders (208 students) of elementary school students. Descriptive statistics, two independent samples t-test, and ANOVA methods were used for SPSS 25.0 program statistical processing.
 Results First, the counseling experience of elementary school students was related to school adaptation (study attitude and rule observance), but was not related to self-directed learning ability. Second, there were differences in some sub-factors of school adaptation and self-directed learning ability according to the background variable of counseling experience. Third, there was a difference in school adaptation according to grade level, and there was a high correlation between school adaptation and self-directed learning ability.
 Conclusions Through this study, the relationship between the counseling experience of elementary school students, school adaptation, and self-directed learning ability was confirmed. In addition, it was found that school counseling (teacher, counseling room of school) is an important variable in elementary school students' school adjustment and self-directed learning ability among the general counseling inside and outside school. Therefore, this study is meaningful in that it provided some implications to the school field and related parties regarding counseling for elementary school students.

Fact-Finding Survey of Treatment of Traumatic Brain Injury in Japan: Standardization of Care and Collaboration Between Neurosurgery and Emergency Departments

Standardization of seamless treatment from prehospital injury care to initial injury and specialized care through collaboration among departments have been promoted in Japan since 2000. This survey was conducted to examine the current status of the system for treatment of traumatic brain injury (TBI) in Japan. In February 2022, questionnaires on the treatment system and TBI care were sent to 869 facilities that participated in a training program held by the Japan Neurosurgical Society. Responses were received from 480 facilities (55.2%). These responses were compared with those in a similar survey performed in2008. Among the responding facilities, 39.4% had neurosurgeons in emergency departments. Initial care for TBI was the responsibility of the neurosurgery department in 42.3% of the facilities, the emergency department in 26.0%, and jointly between these departments in 29.6%; and neurocritical care was managed by the neurosurgery department in 81.9%, the emergency department in 5.2%, and jointly in 12.1%. For patients with acute-phase TBI, intracranial pressure monitoring was performed in 72.1%. Active normothermia was performed in 86.0%, and decompressive craniectomy in 99.4%, as required. There was compliance with guidelines for treatment and management of TBI in 93.3%. Comparison with the 2008 results suggested role-sharing between 2 departments in TBI treatment is increasing. TBI treatment compliance with the guidelines was high. In-hospital mortality of Japanese patients with TBI has decreased since 2000. This may be due to the progress with standardization of TBI treatment and collaboration among departments in compliance with guidelines.

Depression and fatigue among first-time mothers in Japan

ABSTRACT This study assessed depression and fatigue among first-time mothers in Japan who were less than one year postpartum and attended parenting classes. A total of 673 mothers (mean age ± standard deviation = 33.5 ± 3.98 years) participated. The mean Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale (EPDS) and Subjective Fatigue Symptom Scale (SFSS) scores showed multiple comparisons based on the number of months postpartum and the maternal age. Multiple regression analyses were performed using the EPDS scores as the outcome variable and the SFSS items as explanatory variables. The results showed that current age was inversely associated with the EPDS score (β = −.185, p < .0001) and three fatigue-related variables were positively associated with the EPDS score: lower back pain (β = .201, p = .0014), eyestrain (β = .338, p = .0108), and hand/finger pain (β = .508, p = .0261). The explanatory variable accounting for the largest amount of variance in the postpartum depression scores was lower back pain. Regarding parenting support activities provided by local public agencies, it is important to implement initiatives to promote the mental and physical health of postpartum mothers by partnering with various specialist organizations. The study findings are significant as they reveal, from a fact-finding survey, the inadequacy of support toward mothers after two months postpartum.

Fact-finding survey on quality assurance among food manufacturers

Fact-finding survey on quality assurance among food manufacturers

어린이집 원장이 생각하는 보육교사 휴게시간 운영의 의미와 고충

Objectives This study explored the meaning and difficulties of the head of the daycare center due to the mandatory operation of rest time. Methods For this purpose, in-depth interviews were conducted from August 20 to September 20, 2021 with 7 principles of child care centers in Seoul using the phenomenological and qualitative research method of Colaizzi (1978). Data analysis is used by the phenomenological rearch method of Colaizzi (1978) to repeatedly read the transcribed content, also grasp the overall context of the experience of operating break time, explore related experiences. therefore a collection of topics is categorized, so that can reveal this structure and finally Four thematic collections and ten constructive meanings were derived. Results A total of 4 themes and 10 compositional meanings were derived from the meaning and grievances of child care center director’ thought about daycare center teachers' compulsory rest time operation. The meaning of the break time operation was shown to firstly secure private time for teachers, and to improve the quality of welfare of childcare teachers by recharging energy through rest. Secondly, the director of the daycare center considered it meaningful to change the positive perception of parents and the director himself that childcare teachers have a right and secure a rest time through break time operation. The difficulties in operating break time are. First, the difficulty of operating an institution that does not take into account the position of the director who is the operator of the daycare center, the director who takes notice of the daycare teachers, and the operational ability of the director between the break time system and practice due to the possibility of safety accidents for infants and young children. As a result, relationships with members were difficult. The second difficulty of the daycare center director is that he constantly handles work even during breaks, intermittent breaks time for teachers due to individual childcare for infants and toddlers, and the lack of work of assistant teachers replaced to ensure breaks for homeroom teachers. It appeared as an obligatory break time, which could be just a pleasant illusion due to the ambiguous boundary of rest. Conclusions Through this study, the child care center principle should build a partnership that strengthens his/her ability to flexibly respond to the legal system as a manager, and the teachers and directors are more familiar with applying the break time-related system etc., should be given more benefits, and it is considered that a continuous fact-finding survey on the operation of break time is necessary.

Sustainable Tourism and Conservation of Underground Ecosystems through Airflow and Particle Distribution Modeling

Underground ecosystems are often of interest for the tourism industry due to their important naturalistic and cultural heritage. Since these underground ecosystems are almost completely isolated, external agents (such as human presence) can easily disrupt their chemico-physical and biological processes, which can affect, sometimes irrevocably, their natural equilibrium, placing the preservation of such sites at risk. The most sensible managers of caves, catacombs, mines, and all the accessible cultural sites are searching for methods to control these dynamics and the modeling appears to be effective in preventing scenarios of the known impacts as well as suggesting strategies for their mitigation. In this study, by employing finite element analysis by the COMSOL Multiphysics software and reproducing, in a simplified way, a section of the tourist trail of the Pertosa-Auletta Cave (Italy), for the first time we provided a fact-finding survey of the airflow and the scattering and subsequent deposition of particles transported by tourists. Taking into account discontinuities in the pathway, the simulations rebuilt the possible natural airflow line, reproducing the particle movements induced by different tourist loads, whose high numbers increase the swirling movement of air masses, promoting a higher dispersion of particles, even in the remote cave areas. Performed simulations clearly indicated both the speed and direction followed by particles, as well as deposition sites, highlighting potential hotspots of damage, and demonstrating that the employed approach can be an excellent tool for planning the management of these extraordinary ecosystems, foretelling anthropogenic impacts, and supporting managers in decision-making processes.

A study to investigate the prevalence of headache disorders and migraine among people registered in a health insurance association in Japan

BackgroundMigraine is a chronic disease characterized by episodic headache attacks. No recent studies have, however been conducted on the epidemiology of migraine or the treatment landscape in Japan. This study was conducted as a fact-finding survey using medical claims data and an online survey on migraine and headaches, conducted among members of health insurance associations with the objective of gaining an understanding of migraine prevalence and the treatment status in Japan.MethodsThe study methodology utilized a unique approach of combined data sources. The data sources used in this study are medical claims data and linked online survey data provided by DeSC Healthcare Inc (DeSC). The primary outcomes (from survey responses) were: the overall number and proportion of migraine patients; and the overall prevalence of migraine, stratified by age and sex. The secondary outcomes (from survey responses) were use of medical care; and clinical features/headache symptoms. The analysis population included all individuals who had response data for surveys conducted by DeSC. The online survey data and medical claims data were summarized.ResultsThe data population comprised 21,480 individuals. On the basis of the survey results, including probable cases, the overall prevalence of migraine was 3.2%. The highest prevalence of migraine was observed in patients aged 30–39 years. The prevalence of migraine in women was 4.4 times higher than in men. The percentage of migraine patients who had not been seen by a doctor was 81.0%. More than 80% of patients were taking over-the-counter drugs and 6.1% took prescription medicines only. Approximately 52.9% of patients considered that the intensity of pain symptoms was severe. Moreover, the majority of patients (72.9%) considered that the impairment of daily life activities was of moderate or severe degree.ConclusionsIn Japan, the percentage of people with migraine who did not receive medical attention is as high as 80%. Additionally, the majority of patients tend to endure symptoms and continue with everyday activities. With innovative treatment approaches becoming available it is necessary to disseminate information that migraine is not a simple headache but an illness that requires medical treatment and consultation.

Specific Learning Disorders and Special Educational Needs during COVID-19 Pandemic; Pilot Survey Study Performed in Local District Schools in Italy.

Specific Learning Disorders (SLD) are a group of heterogeneous health deficits frequently diagnosed in early childhood that cause difficulties in general intellectual functioning. In the last decades in Italy new laws have been developed to give practical guidelines for the best education plans for children with SLD. Background: The aim of our study was to determine the efficacy of the educational treatment on SLD in Primary and Secondary schools in the Italian city of Barletta. We acquired valuable data to evaluate Special Education Needs during COVID-19. Methods: Our study was conducted from April to June 2021, during the second “lockdown” period in Italy. A fact-finding survey was conducted to schools with a questionnaire provided to the teachers to acquire data on the SEN applied in the management of distance learning for children. Results: The study involved 15 male and 6 female pupils with SLD in Primary Schools and 18 male and 6 female in Secondary Schools. The schools participating in the study organized distance learning programs with a support teacher with a 1:1 ratio. Data showed that all children with SLD needed a support teacher. Conclusions: The findings of this pilot study suggest that distance learning programs are able to achieve adequate educational goals, despite the difficulties of the lockdown period.

The Effects of Wages and Training on Intent to Switch or Leave Among Direct Care Workers.

Background and ObjectivesAlthough most studies have not separated turnover of direct care workers (DCWs) into those who switch to another organization (switchers) and those who leave the industry (leavers), switchers and leavers have different impacts on the facilities they quit and the labor market for DCWs. We distinguished between intent to switch and intent to leave and investigated the impact of wages and training on each turnover intention.Research Design and MethodsData were obtained from Japan’s Fact-Finding Survey on Long-term Care Work. We included DCWs (n = 7,311) in the analyses and used multinomial regression by sex and provider type to compare those who wanted to switch and those who wanted to leave with those who wanted to remain in their current workplace.ResultsThe impacts of an increase in wages and a higher training score were larger for intent to switch than intent to leave. Compared with wages, the impact of training was greater. The impact of job characteristics on turnover intention varied between women and men and across provider types.Discussion and ImplicationsThis study provides a better understanding of the difference in the determinants of switching and leaving and simultaneously increases our understanding of the differences between women and men and across provider types.

A Study on the Development of a Model for Providing Traditional Korean Medicine and Welfare Services for Community Care.

ObjectivesThis study aims to develop a community care model in traditional Korean medicine (TKM) by developing a community care participation model for the health of the elderly and deriving tasks to implement it.MethodsThis study implemented a group interview with experts. A fact-finding survey was conducted targeting 16 local governments that are implementing a leading project to identify the status of TKM service provision and welfare service linkage in all regions. An expert group interview (FGI) targeted public and private sector experts for each job role, the former represented by those in charge of the central government’s health care policy and administrative delivery system, and the latter by professors majoring in social welfare, professors majoring in health, and local TKM societies. After forming the expert groups, three expert group interviews were conducted.ResultsThrough collective interviews with experts, a model for providing TKM and welfare services in community integrated care was derived by dividing it into local and central government levels. The strategies and tasks for promoting TKM-oriented health welfare services were derived from 3 strategies, 8 tasks, and 20 detailed tasks.ConclusionThe core direction of the TKM health care model is the region-centered provision of TKM and welfare services. To this end, policy support for the use and linkage of health care service resources is required at the central government level, and linkage and provision of health welfare services centered on TKM are necessary through linkage and convergence between service subjects and between government health care projects.

A Survey on the Current Status of Ophthalmological Consultations in Patients With Diabetes Undergoing Maintenance Hemodialysis and the Effectiveness of Education on Consultation Behavior -Experience of a Single Hemodialysis Clinic in Japan.

It is extremely important for patients with diabetes undergoing maintenance hemodialysis (MHD) to receive regular ophthalmologic examinations. However, even in the field of MHD in Japan, where there are many hemodialysis patients and the survival rate is said to be one of the highest in the world, we often see patients with diabetes who do not receive regular ophthalmologic examinations. In this study, we surveyed the status of ophthalmology consultations and the use of diabetic eye notebook (DEN) among hemodialysis patients with diabetes at hemodialysis clinics to confirm the current situation, with the aim of confirming the effectiveness of education on consultation behavior by medical care staff. This study included 38 diabetic hemodialysis patients attending one MHD clinic in Japan for one year from March 2018 to March 2019. In the first fact-finding survey in March 2018, hemodialysis care unit nurses (HCUNs) in the hemodialysis unit asked the diabetic hemodialysis patients whether they had consulted an ophthalmologist and used the DEN. Based on the results, the HCUNs recommended that hemodialysis patients with complications of diabetes be educated about the usefulness of regular ophthalmologic examinations, even during MHD, and that they use the DEN. This was followed by a second fact-finding survey in March 2019 to reconfirm ophthalmology consultations and DEN use. Regarding the presence of ophthalmology consultations, 22 of 38 (58%) patients had regular ophthalmology consultations in March 2018, and 27 of 38 (71%) patients had consultations in the following year after receiving information from an HCUN. Only 1 of 22 patients (5%) who consulted the ophthalmologist in March 2018 used a DEN, but 19 of 27 patients (70%) used it the following year. In the future, the development and utilization of a new DEN that includes more detailed patient information, and the spread of self-care guidance to patients by multidisciplinary health care professionals, will increase the consultation rate of MHD patients in Japan and reduce the incidence and progression of ocular diseases in MHD patients.