Facility Constraints Research Articles

B-184 Purifying High-Quality Genomic DNA From Frozen Blood Samples Stored up to 1.5 Years at -20°C

Abstract Background Maintaining DNA integrity in blood samples, from transport to storage to processing, is crucial to the success of downstream applications, especially regarding diagnostic applications. Additionally, due to the invasive nature of collecting blood samples, minimizing resampling to avoid excess patient pain and cost of collection and transportation are important to consider. Having the option to store and maintain portions of blood samples in the freezer enables future retesting without recollection. Since -20°C freezers generally are more affordable, require less energy, and have smaller footprints than -80°C freezers, demonstrating frozen blood stability at -20°C temperatures could decrease sampling burdens for labs with facility constraints. Methods Whole blood was collected into 9mL vacuum tubes (HemaSure-OMXP) from healthy donors. Aliquots of whole blood and buffy coat samples were stored at -20°C and thawed for genomic DNA extractions (QIAamp DNA Blood Mini Kit, Qiagen) at a range of different timepoints; frozen whole blood samples were processed at 0, 49, 141, and 148 days and frozen buffy coat samples were processed at 7, 27, 36, 185, 246, 373, 394, 584, and 604 days. Purified gDNA was quantified with Qubit (Broad Range dsDNA Assay, ThermoFisher) and qualified with Nanodrop One Microvolume UV-Vis Spectrophotometer (ThermoFisher) and TapeStation (Genomic DNA ScreenTape, Agilent Technologies). Results No significant decrease was observed for DNA yield and quality between fresh and frozen whole blood samples. Average DNA yields from 200 μL whole blood were 4.5 ± 2.2 μg and 5.3 ± 1.2 μg for fresh and frozen blood respectively. Average DNA integrity (DIN) was 6.9 ± 0.4 and 7.1 ± 0.3 for fresh and frozen blood respectively. Donor differences in blood samples can help explain the variance in DNA yields reported. No significant decrease was observed for DNA yield and quality in buffy coat samples frozen for longer at -20°C. In total, 84 whole blood and 25 buffy coat samples were processed in this study. Conclusions Although buffy coat samples tended to have higher yields than whole blood, due to the higher amount of white blood cells present, both sample types provided sufficient amounts of gDNA for downstream applications. Freezing blood samples for future testing can be effective at reducing the need for resampling without sacrificing the nucleic acid yield or quality of fresh samples. Additionally, as technological advancements are made for equipment and assays, frozen blood samples can be retested and compared to previous results for improved diagnostic decisions, done without requiring recollection from labs and patients.

Effort to Optimize Learning Physics at Integrated Islamic High School via a Physics based Ethnoscience Approach

The aim of community service program is to enhance the educational experience at the integrated Islamic high school (SMA IT Khairu Ummah) Rejang Lebong district by employing an ethnoscience approach. The service program is implemented in SMA IT Khairu Ummah to address challenges posed by inadequate learning facilities and infrastructure, particularly in physics education, which may impede the teaching and learning process. The implementation of community service initiatives in 2024 comprises four phases. The first phase encompasses observational efforts within schools to acquire a comprehensive picture of the educational environment. The second phase involves the socialization of service activities and coordination with school principal and educators, particularly those teaching physics. The third phase entailed instructing educators on the development of ethnoscience-focused educational resources. The last phase entails regular assessment and guidance involving two Mahasiswa Kampus Merdeka Belajar program and five physics lecturers to guarantee that the community service program positively influences the learning process. The findings indicate that the training positively enhances teacher competencies by implementing ethnoscience education that leverages the local community's cultural and traditional diversity, even amidst constraints of limited facilities and infrastructure. Physics teacher and students of SMA IT Khairu Ummah SMA IT have implemented an ethnoscience-based physics approach that is effective in enhancing students' comprehension of scientific processes and their acquisition of related skills.

Comprehensive School Physical Activity Programming in Dubai International Schools: A Mixed Methods Study

The purpose of this study was to examine comprehensive school physical activity program (CSPAP) policies and practices in interna-tional schools in Dubai, the United Arab Emirates. Following an ex-planatory-sequential mixed-methods research design, the researchers employed the Comprehensive School Physical Activity Program Policies and Practices Questionnaire (CSPAP-Q) and follow-up interviews to describe CSPAP implementation and explore implementation enablers and challenges. A convenience sample of physical education teachers (N=18) participated in the questionnaire, and seven of these teachers participated in individual interviews. Teachers’ responses to the ques-tionnaire indicated considerable heterogeneity and numerous gaps in existing school-based physical activity opportunities and promotion O'Reilly and Websterefforts. Interviews revealed three themes related to CSPAP implemen-tation: (a) time constraints in secondary schools, (b) facilities, and (c) location. This study provides an initial glimpse into whole-of-school physical activity programming in Dubai international schools.

“The police came in white protective suits and with batons, it was pure disaster” – a multi-stakeholder perspective on infection control in reception centers for asylum seekers during the COVID-19 pandemic in Germany

BackgroundThe COVID-19 pandemic presented unprecedented challenges, particularly for vulnerable populations residing in confined settings such as refugee shelters: Physical distancing measures were challenging to implement in shelters due to shared rooms or communal use of kitchens and sanitary facilities, which increased the risk of infections. Meanwhile, individuals’ capabilities for individual protection strategies were severely impaired by the structure of the shelters. Consequently, shelters had the duty to develop and implement strategies for the prevention and handling of SARS-CoV-2 infections. The aim of this study was to explore the perspectives of refugees, NGO employees, and shelter directors regarding COVID-19-related measures in German refugee shelters. The study aimed to identify challenges and conflicts arising from implemented measures, as well as expectations for improved support during the pandemic.MethodsSemi-structured and narrative interviews were conducted with 6 refugees, 6 facility managers, 12 NGO staff, and 2 social service agency staff from February to August 2022. Qualitative content analysis was employed to analyze the data, identifying overarching themes and codes.ResultsThe study uncovered challenges and conflicts resulting from pandemic measures, particularly mass quarantine orders, within refugee shelters. Lack of transparency and ineffective communication worsened tensions, with refugees feeling distressed and anxious. The quarantine experience had a negative impact on refugees’ mental health, which was exacerbated by limited social interaction and leisure-time activities. Shelter managers encountered administrative challenges when implementing measures due to facility constraints and limited resources, while NGO employees encountered obstacles in providing immediate assistance due to legal regulations and a lack of cooperation from shelter managers.ConclusionsThe study highlights that shelters are problematic institutions from a public health perspective. It shows the importance of implementing customized pandemic interventions in refugee shelters that take account of the diverse needs and experiences of both refugee and staff. To achieve this, we recommend to establish an ethics committee and involve various stakeholders in decision-making processes. Additionally, enhancing information dissemination to promote transparency and public understanding of measures is crucial. These insights can help develop comprehensive and effective pandemic plans for refugee shelters, ensuring better preparedness for future public health crises.

Spatiotemporal Interaction Characteristics and Transition Mechanism of Carbon Intensity in China's Transportation Industry

This research was conducted using many spatial analysis approaches to dissect the spatiotemporal interactive characteristics of carbon emission intensity within the transportation sector from 2002 to 2020. An in-depth exploration of their transition mechanisms was conducted by nesting the obtained timewarp types with the panel quantile model. Finally, the geodetector model aligned with different transition mechanisms was employed to investigate and analyze the interaction effects among various factors influencing carbon intensity in the transportation sector. The results indicated that:① The carbon emission intensity of the transportation sector in 30 provinces and regions of China showed an overall downward trend with fluctuations, and the spatial clustering level was relatively stable. ② The spatiotemporal interactive features of ESTDA revealed that the relationship between the northwest region and its adjacent spatial units was unstable, with significant variations and fluctuations. In contrast, economically developed areas such as coastal cities in the eastern part had established mature transportation networks, resulting in a relatively stable local spatial pattern, though a few areas still exhibited spatiotemporal competitiveness. ③ The spatiotemporal transition of carbon intensity in the transportation sector could be categorized into four driving or constraining modes(the population economy urbanization constraint model, population economy urbanization facility constraint model, technology consumption industry-driven model, and technology industry regulation-driven model). Most provinces were influenced by the low quantile constraint and high quantile drive modes, with only a few affected by the high quantile constraint and low quantile drive modes, the majority of which were located in the northwest or southwest regions. ④ Further, we introduced the geographical detector model based on the identified mechanism of carbon emission intensity transition in the transportation sector, emphasizing the coordinated development of multiple factors and strengthening inter-regional collaborative governance.

Adaptation Perspective Approach in the Implementation of the Curriculum of Physical Education Subjects among Teachers in Schools

This qualitative study aims to describe and understand the implementation of Physical Education curriculum among teachers in schools. The focus of the study is on the actual processes that take place in the practice of teaching and learning in the classroom and outside the classroom that involve the phases of planning, delivery and evaluation. As formulated by Marsh and Willis (2007), research on the implementation of a curriculum can be done using three approaches, namely fidelity in implementation or fidelity of implementation, adaptation and enactment. Because the activities contained in Physical Education are complex and dynamic, the adaptation perspective is more appropriate to study the implementation of this curriculum in schools as well as describe the role played by teachers in implementing the curriculum to meet the planned, and factors influencing teachers. in adapting to the curriculum. The study participants consisted of four teachers who taught in two schools around the city of Tawau, Sabah. They are selected based on educational or training background and teaching experience. Data were collected through observation methods on the teaching and learning of the teachers. Methods of interviews with teachers, and analysis of relevant curriculum documents. During the study, the study participants conducted teaching and learning that touched on the pillars of Physical Education learning, namely fitness, skills and sports. The validity and reliability of the findings are enhanced by using triangulation strategies, long -term observations, member reviews, stating researcher biases and audit trails. This study found that the main factors that influence teachers in making adaptations to meet the goals and objectives of the curriculum are infrastructure facilities and equipment. The study also found that the space to adapt the curriculum was very large because of the status of the curriculum which was not examined. This is also what has influenced the lazy attitude of Physical Education teachers in carrying out their duties as curriculum executors, that is, teachers on the outside (in the teaching plan book) seem to implement teaching and learning according to what is set out in the curriculum document, but actually do not do what is noted. or planned in a Physical Education class. In other words, the formal or written curriculum is different from the implemented curriculum and the curriculum experienced by the students. This difference gap is dependent on the factors of teachers ’attitudes, interests and conceptions about the importance of Physical Education and their role in relation to the matter. The findings also show that this curriculum can be implemented effectively even if taught by teachers who are not trained in the subject, but are interested and responsible for their role as curriculum implementers in schools. The findings of this study carry the implication that Physical Education curriculum planning should take into account the unique features of this curriculum by emphasizing the appropriate adaptation for example when faced with the constraints of facilities and equipment. In addition, the interests of the teacher, and the interests of the students need to be taken into account. This is because, only in this way will the pure goal of this curriculum be achieved, which is to help students become fit through the learning of physical activities and fitness practices.

An Analysis of Indian Overseas Bank's Case Study on the Conceptual Framework of Lending Technologies for Financing Small and Medium-sized Businesses

This to examine the Indian Overseas Bank’s credit facilities MSMEs with various financing options available and also examine the constraints in credit facilities. The sample respondents was 90, which comprised of seventy-one manufacturing enterprises and nineteen service enterprise respondents. Statistical tools such as Percentage analysis, Chi-square Test, factor analysis was used to analyse the data. The study revealed that, among manufacturing enterprise and service enterprise respondents, majority (67.60 per cent and 57.89 per cent) were small entrepreneurs. in middle age group (37.78 per cent). About 40 per cent were graduates and 78.89 per cent were sole proprietors. There was a significant association between type of business and age group, form of organization and business experience. 98 per cent of respondents were aware about term loan of which 65.90 per cent availed loan. 91 per cent of the respondents were aware of working capital finance of which 70.73 per cent availed loan. Bank officers (67.77 per cent) were main source of information. The source of finance (64.44 per cent) was IOB loan. They were willing to avail loan amount of Rs. 1-10 lakhs for two years. Maximum respondents repaid 25-50 per cent of loan. Difficulties faced by the customers in availing credit facilities were grouped under seven factors. Top five ranks were given to the statements such as; network of bank branches is not good, no wide range of services, non-availability of timely rehabilitation finance, lack of dissemination of information and lack of MSME loan processing centres at key locations. Majority of the respondents suggested for specialized branches of MSMEs (40 per cent).

DEVELOPMENT OF SCIENCE LEARNING DEVICES ORIENTED ESD ON ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION MATERIALS TO IMPROVE STUDENTS' CRITICAL THINKING SKILLS AND ENVIRONMENTAL LITERACY

This research aims to develop Education for Sustainable Development (ESD)-oriented science learning tools on environmental pollution material to improve critical thinking skills and environmental literacy for junior high school students. This research is development research (R&D) using a 4D model which includes the define, design, develop and disseminate stages. The tools developed consist of Teaching Modules, Student Worksheets, learning media, and evaluation instruments. Expert validation results show the device is feasible with an average score of 4.2/5. In a limited trial at SMP Negeri 2 Bojong Tegal, the implementation of the Teaching Module was 89%, 81% of students were actively involved, 87% gave positive responses. There was an increase in students' critical thinking skills (average 80.2) and environmental literacy (average 84.5). Success was supported by the application of the ESD approach with project learning, case studies, group discussions, and contextual-interactive media. Implementation of the Independent Curriculum with Teaching Modules and ATP increases student learning independence. The constraints of limited time and inadequate facilities were overcome by efficient time management and teacher creativity. Overall, the tools are valid, practical, effective, in accordance with the Independent Curriculum and 21st century learning with high-level thinking skills, environmental literacy and learning technology.

IJCM_20A: Understanding determinants of increased home deliveries in accessing antenatal care in the two blocks of the Chamba, Himachal Pradesh

Background: Maternal mortality has been declining over the years in India. Despite India achieving a maternal mortality ratio below 100 per 100,000 live births by 2020, Chamba, an aspirational district of Himachal Pradesh, still faces challenges. In Chamba, access to antenatal care (ANC) and postnatal care (PNC) remains suboptimal. Objective: To understand the perspectives of key stakeholders on barriers and facilitators for accessing ANC/PNC and institutional delivery services in the Chamba district. Methodology: The qualitative study was conducted in May and June 2023 in two blocks of the Chamba district. Around 5-6 villages were purposively selected in each block. The study encompassed 19 in-depth interviews and 7 focus group discussions involving lactating and pregnant women, family members, medical officers, and frontline healthcare workers. Additionally, the assessment of 2 labour rooms at the health facility was conducted using DAKSHATA standards. Results: The study revealed multifaceted barriers in Chamba, including challenging road conditions worsened by weather impeding timely health facility access. Women’s heavy workloads and limited awareness resulted in delayed ANC, PNC, and registration. Cultural preferences and myths hindered institutional deliveries. Transportation challenges, ambulance limitations, hospital overload, and health facility constraints amplified the difficulties. The DAKSHATA assessment indicated a mean score of 22 out of 30, stressing the need for improvements to enhance ANC, PNC, and institutional delivery access. Conclusion: The findings emphasize the critical need for interventions that enhance awareness among women, counteract cultural preferences for home deliveries and dispel prevalent myths and misconceptions. Furthermore, addressing transportation limitations, ambulance constraints, and hospital overload is crucial.

Experimental and numerical investigation of scale model used in the development of a spent nuclear fuel transport cask

To investigate the dynamic response and validate the structural integrity of a spent fuel transportation cask under the 9 m drop condition, a 1/3 scale model was utilized in a 9 m side drop test, considering the constraints of development cost and test facilities. The relationship between the response variables of the scaled model and the prototype model is obtained by Π theorem under impact drop conditions. The influencing parameters for the scale model of spent fuel transport cask drop were systematically discussed. Several numerical models of varying scales are used for verification. Finally, the 9 m drop test of the 1/3 scale model was conducted to compare the acceleration response and deformation of the 1/3 scale numerical model. The study concludes that the acceleration and deformation of the numerical model closely match the test results, and the numerical model of the prototype model represents the dynamic response of the prototype model. Furthermore, the study examined the reflections of the scale model in comparison to the real model, taking into account the dispersity of wood material and strain rate. The analysis and conclusions can be applied in engineering practice and can inspire subsequent cask designs, especially for a scaled model.

Coriolis force compensation and laser beam delivery for 100-m baseline atom interferometry

The Coriolis force is a significant source of systematic phase errors and dephasing in atom interferometry and is often compensated by counter-rotating the interferometry laser beam against Earth's rotation. We present a novel method for performing Coriolis force compensation for long-baseline atom interferometry, which mitigates atom-beam misalignment due to beam rotation, an effect which is magnified by the long lever arm of the baseline length. The method involves adjustment of the angle of the interferometer beam prior to a magnifying telescope, enabling the beam to pivot around a tunable position along the interferometer baseline. By tuning the initial atom kinematics and adjusting the angle with which the interferometer beam pivots about this point, we can ensure that the atoms align with the center of the beam during the atom optics laser pulses. This approach will be used in the MAGIS-100 atom interferometer and could also be applied to other long-baseline atom interferometers. An additional challenge associated with long baseline interferometry is that since long-baseline atom interferometers are often located outside of typical laboratory environments, facilities constraints may require lasers to be housed in a climate-controlled room a significant distance away from the main experiment. Nonlinear effects in optical fibers restrict the use of fiber-based transport of the high-power interferometry beam from the laser room to the experiment. We present the design of and prototype data from a laser transport system for MAGIS-100 that maintains robustness against alignment drifts despite the absence of a long fiber.

Control of flow separation over an aerofoil by external acoustic excitation at a high Reynolds number

The effectiveness of acoustic excitation as a means of flow control at high Reynolds number turbulent flows is investigated numerically by using improved delayed detached eddy simulations (IDDES). Previous studies on low Reynolds number laminar flows have shown that acoustic excitation can substantially suppress flow separation for specific effective frequency and amplitude ranges. However, the effect of acoustic excitation on higher Reynolds number turbulent flow separation has not yet been explored due to limitations on appropriate fidelity computational methods or experimental facility constraints. Therefore, this paper addresses this research gap. A NACA0015 airfoil profile at 1 × 106 Reynolds number based on the airfoil chord length is used for the investigations. Acoustic excitation is applied to the baseline flow field in the form of transient boundary conditions at the computational domain inlet. A parametric study revealed that the effective sound frequency range shows a Gaussian distribution around the frequency of the dominant disturbances in the baseline flow. A maximum of ∼43% increase in lift-to-drag ratio is observed for the most effective excitation frequency F+=1.0 at a constant excitation amplitude of Am=1.8%. The effect of excitation amplitude follows an asymptotic trend with a maximum effective excitation amplitude above which the gains are not significant. A fully reattached flow is observed for the highest excitation level considered (Am=10%) that results in ∼120% rise in airfoil lift-to-drag coefficient. Overall, the findings of the current work demonstrate the higher Reynolds number effectiveness of acoustic excitation on separated turbulent flows, thereby paving the way for application in realistic flow scenarios observed in aircraft and gas turbine engine flow fields.

The Problem of Availability of Learning Facilities in Achieving the Success of Islamic Religious Education

This research aims to analyze the problem of facility availability in achieving successful PAI learning objectives. This research uses qualitative methods and a narrative inquiry approach where data is collected through discussions and interviews. The data collected was analyzed using the Miles and Huberman model through reduction, display, and verification stages. The findings from this research will examine the problem of facility availability in achieving PAI learning objectives. For this reason, in this article, we will present what needs to be discussed regarding the problem of the availability of facilities in achieving the success of PAI learning objectives. The first is the role of learning facilities in supporting PAI learning objectives, the second is overcoming the constraints of limited facilities in the PAI learning process, and the third is overcoming the physical limitations of PAI learning facilities. The problem of the availability of learning facilities is one obstacle that can hinder achieving Islamic Religious Education (PAI) learning objectives. Limited or inadequate facilities, such as narrow classrooms, limited multimedia equipment, or libraries with minimal collections, can affect the effectiveness of PAI learning. The unavailability of adequate facilities can reduce students' interest and motivation in understanding and deepening PAI material, hinder interaction between teachers and students, and reduce the overall quality of learning. Therefore, increasing the availability of quality learning facilities is an important step to achieving PAI learning goals.

Analisis gaya mengajar guru Bahasa Inggris di kelas XI SMK N 1 Bangli

This research is motivated by the need to understand the variations in teaching styles among English teachers at the high school level, particularly at SMK N 1 Bangli, with a focus on classical, technological, personalized, and interactional dimensions. The objective of the study is to identify and analyze the teaching styles applied by 11th-grade English teachers and evaluate their impact on the learning process. Through direct observation and curriculum document analysis, the findings reveal a diversity of teaching styles, including the use of a combination of classical, technological, and personalized styles. Technological facility constraints remain a challenge, but teachers still play a key role in guiding learning. Personalized teaching styles show efforts to address individual student needs, while interactional teaching styles enhance active student participation. The implications of this research include the need for more attention to the development of learning technology facilities and strengthening the implementation of personalized teaching styles to improve the quality of high school learning. These findings provide valuable insights for educational policy development and teacher professional development, with a focus on enhancing the quality and relevance of learning in the secondary education environment.

AN ANALYSIS OF STUDENTS’ LEARNING READINESS TOWARDS HYBRID LEARNING ACHIEVEMENT IN ENGLISH

ABSTRACT
 This study used a descriptive qualitative approach to analyze students' readiness for hybrid learning achievement in English. Data were collected through questionnaires and interviews. The study aimed to (1) assess the extent to which students of SMK N 7 Semarang were ready to adopt the hybrid learning model in English learning, (2) identify the factors that hindered the readiness of students of SMK N 7 Semarang in implementing the hybrid learning model in English learning, and (3) identify the factors that supported the readiness of students of SMK N 7 Semarang in implementing the hybrid learning model in English learning. The subjects of the study were students of class XI TFLM 1 SMK N 7 Semarang. The results of the study showed that (1) students of SMK N 7 Semarang had adequate readiness to adopt hybrid learning in English learning, with a readiness level of 65.57%, (2) factors that hindered students' readiness involved facility constraints, skills, and motivation in online learning, and (3) factors that supported students' readiness included guidance from teachers, support from parents, and cooperation among students. The study concluded that hybrid learning had the potential to improve the quality of English learning if students had a high level of learning readiness. Therefore, the recommendations from this study were that teachers and schools should provide adequate facilities, training, and encouragement to prepare students for hybrid learning.
 Keywords: Hybrid learning, Learning readiness, Learning achievement

Optimizing virus inactivation methods for molecular detection techniques: Implications for viral protein and RNA measurements

To facilitate the development of effective viral detection techniques, a positive control material is required for validating their quantitative performance. Inactivated viruses serve as viable control materials, as they can be handled without the constraints of biohazard safety facilities. However, inactivation alters the structure of viral component molecules, necessitating the selection of inactivation methods that have minimal effects on the target molecules relevant to molecular detection techniques. Only a limited number of studies have investigated inactivation methods to produce viral control materials. Therefore, the aim of this study was to investigate various virus inactivation methods and evaluate their impact on molecular detection techniques, with a specific focus on viral proteins and RNA. We evaluated the effects of ultraviolet (UV) irradiation, heat, beta-propiolactone (BPL), hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), and perchloric acid (HClO4) inactivation methods to identify the most effective technique and its optimal conditions. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and reverse transcription-digital polymerase chain reaction (RT-dPCR) were employed as model assays to assess the effects of these treatments on protein and RNA measurements. Among the evaluated methods, UV and heat treatments demonstrated minimal interference with ELISA, while heat treatment had the least impact on RT-dPCR measurements. Consequently, our findings revealed that heat inactivation holds the potential for producing inactivated viruses that can be effectively used in molecular detection techniques targeting both viral protein and RNA.

DIFFERENCES IN PERCEIVED PHYSICAL ACTIVITY CONSTRAINTS BETWEEN TURKISH AND 4TH GENERATION TURKISH-GERMAN YOUNG ADULTS

The aim of this study was to examine perceived leisure-time physical activity constraints between Turkish young people living in Germany and Turkey. The current study was conducted with a causal-comparative model to examine the differences in perceived physical activity constraints between Turkish youth living in Turkey and fourth-generation Turkish-German youth who grew up and lived in Germany. 196 young adults from Germany and 201 young adults from Turkey participated in this study. A 2-way Multivariate Analysis of Variance test was used to assess the effects of country of residence and gender background on perceived physical activity constraints. Analysis revealed that there was a statistically significant interaction effect between the country of residence and gender on perceived physical activity constraints of Body Perception, Facilities, Income, Family, Skill Perception, Time, Willpower, and Society. There was also a statistically significant simple main effect of country of residence on all subscales except the skill perception, and the significant simple main effect of gender on facilities, income, time, willpower, and society subscales. Young adults living in Turkey and female precipitants reported higher physical activity constraints compared to participants living in Germany and males. These differences might be associated with the differences in economic development and physical activity norms in Turkish and German societies. These factors are vital for the number of environmental and organizational opportunities to increase leisure-time physical activity participation.

Implementation of CBNA (Computer Based National Assessement) on Students Mental Readiness

ABSTRACTThe government through the Minister of Education and Culture circular letter Number 1 of 2021 decided that the National Examination would be abolished and prohibited by the National Assessment. Assessment is an activity to reveal the quality of the process and learning outcomes. In its implementation it is carried out computer-based so that it is called the Computer-Based National Assessment. ANBK is an assessment or assessment that is carried out at every stage of school starting from SD, SMP/MTS, SMA/SMK equivalent. The purpose of this study was to find out how the implementation of ANBK in elementary schools and students' mental readiness in dealing with ANBK. This research method uses a descriptive qualitative approach with participants consisting of the Principal, Class V teacher and 2 students who were randomly selected from MIN 2 South Bengkulu. Data collection instruments in this study used observation, interview guides and field notes. The results of this study indicate that the implementation of ANBK at MIN 2 South Bengkulu is due to facilities constraints in the form of computers from each MIN 2 South Bengkulu which are less qualified. Then the mental readiness of students can know that students who are caught taking ANBK experience exam anxiety caused by an ingrained mindset that the National Assessment is a substitute for the National Examination so they are of the view that they have to do the Assessment seriously in order to get good and satisfying grades.

Studi tentang jenis tugas belajar IPA materi ekosistem selama pandemi Covid-19 pada peserta didik kelas V Sekolah Dasar

Abstract. Case study on types of ecosystem materials of science learning tasks during the COVID-19 pandemic (for class v students at SSDN Pajang 4 surakarta). This research is included in the type of qualitative research with descriptive qualitative methods and case study. The subjects of this study were students, teachers, and parents. Validity testing was used source triangulation and technique triangulation.The results of the study concluded that the type of science learning task on ecosystem materials was observing tasks, namely reading materials to obtain information about ecosystem materials. Communication tasks include reading the food chain and reporting assignments in writing. The task of grouping was to find differences and similarities between symbiosis. This type of predicting task asked students to predict events that will occur if a component changes in the food chain. Constraints encountered by students are student discipline problems when working, facilities constraints, some students still use parental devices, and finally the lack of understanding of ecosystem material. The average student assignment score is 82.5, with 63% getting a score above the KKM. Keywords: Types of assignments, Sciences, Elementary School

The radiologic progression of ameloblastomas.

In developing countries, many diagnosed cases of ameloblastoma (AB) have a significant delay in receiving treatment because of patient factors and healthcare facility constraints. The radiologic progression of ABs with delayed treatment was analysed using panoramic radiographs and cone-beam computed tomography imaging. Histopathologically confirmed cases of AB with follow-up radiographs indicating no treatment were retrospectively reviewed over a study period of 10 years. Fifty-seven cases with 57 initial and 107 follow-up radiographs were included. Each follow-up radiograph was analysed for changes in borders, locularity, effects on surrounding structures and lesion size. There was a general increase in poorly-demarcated lesions, with seven cases transforming from an initial unilocular to a multilocular appearance. At follow-up, there was an increase in cortical thinning and cortical destruction. Ameloblastomas presented with a three-fold increase in average size from the initial to follow-up visits. Regression analysis showed a statistically significant relationship between lesion duration and length (p = 0.001). A statistically significant relationship existed between duration and overall lesion dimensions when only the first and last observations per patient were used (p = 0.044). Considering the aggressive nature and unlimited growth potential, ABs with delayed treatment may show extensive growth, complicating their eventual management. This study aimed to raise awareness of the importance of the timeous management of patients with AB by highlighting the detrimental effects of delayed treatment.