Faces Of Janus Research Articles

The Faces of Janus: English-Language Fiction by German-Speaking Exiles in Great Britain, 1933-1945

The Faces of Janus: English-Language Fiction by German-Speaking Exiles in Great Britain, 1933-1945

Exile and Otherness: New Approaches to the Experience of the Nazi Refugees by Alexander Stephan

580 Reviews Rezensionen wurden seine Visiten- und Eintrittskarten zum gebildeten GrofBbir gertum', P. 43). He sheds light on Hesse's time as"co-editor of the journal Mdrz (I 907-I 7),when he took a decidedly critical view ofWilhelmine society, and focuses on Hesse's most prolific years as a reviewer in the journal Vivos voco from I9I9 till I924, when he not only engaged with thecultural andmoral chaos following theFirst World War but also confronted his own growing doubts about his aesthetic precepts. It is at this time, as Schickling rightlypoints out, thatHesse begins to acknowledge thevalue of 'alternative' literature,be it thenew formof expressionism or, in the case ofKarl May, pure escapism. Schickling devotes considerable space to Hesse's crucial role as 'moralische Instanz' before and during theNational Socialist period, singling out Hesse's early denuncia tionof anti-Semitism in a review in I922 of Wilhelm Michel's Verrat amDeutschtum. In the 1930S Hesse responded to the increasing 'Gleichschaltung' and lack of op portunities for independent expression with amarked increase inhis production, as a means of keeping in touch with the 'geistige Elite'. With the help of staffat the Neue Rundschau, forexample, he circumvented censorship by placing his review of Aldous Huxley's vision of a totalitarian society inBrave New World in an advertising brochure of the S. Fischer Verlag. Schickling reminds us of thecourage Hesse showed in facing down Goebbels's Rottweilers: 'Kein Kritiker vor ihm,und keiner nach ihm hat inderNeuen Rundschau derart deutliche Worte zum Zeitgeschehen gefunden wie Hesse in seinen Sammelrezensionen' (p. I36).When all his usual outlets inGermany dried up,Hesse, now openly critical of theNazis, published his reviews in theSwedish Bonniers Litterdra Magasin. From March I935 to September 1936 he produced six Sammelrezensionen and recommended i96 books, many written by Jews or emigrants. Schickling challenges JosephMileck's view thatHesse used his reviews as an outlet when his own books were not progressing. Instead, he argues, Hesse wrote his reviews out of a strong sense of duty, reacting to an increasing tendency among the 'chattering classes' to view books as a commodity or as something ephemeral. For Hesse, who viewed literature as confession, artwas always theother place: a refuge for the reader. His reviews emerge as thepersonal diary of a voracious reader,written for thebenefit of themany. They served as encouragement tohis fellowwriters, and as justification of his own choice tobecome awriter. This study is a substantial contribution to thehistory ofGerman literarycriticism and certainlywhets the appetite for reading Hesse's reviews afresh. UNIVERSITY OF LEEDS INGOCORNILS Exile and Otherness: New Approaches to theExperience of the Nazi Refugees. Ed. by ALEXANDER STEPHAN. (Exile Studies, iI) Oxford and Bern: Peter Lang. 2005. 3IOPP. ?36; SwF 8o; S55;$6i.95. ISBN 978-3-039IO-56I-8. Earlier volumes in the series 'Exile Studies' focused on standard approaches to ex ile such asMexico in thework of Bodo Uhse; ormore recently, reflecting the exile language-switching problem, English-language fictionbyGerman-speaking exiles in Great Britain, 1933-45 (Nicole Brunnhuber, The Faces of Janus: English-Language Fiction byGerman-Speaking Exiles inGreat Britain, I933-1945 (Oxford and Bern: Peter Lang, 2005), reviewed in MLR, 102 (2007), 283-84). The papers collected in thepresent volume come from theconference held in May 2004 at theOhio State Uni versity.The new approaches are both theoretical and comparative: indeed, the first paper is on comparative literature in exile and isdevoted toEdward Said and Erich Auerbach. There isa great deal ofSaid in thisvolume and therefore much on diaspora, delocalization, hybridity, and marginalization. As far asAuerbach inTurkey is con cerned, thequestion ofwhether his great workMimesis was the result of the absence MLR, 102.2, 2007 58I of library resources orwhether exile inTurkey was an alienating advantage isonly the starting-point for the discussion. Auerbach and Leo Spitzer were not the only Ger mans inTurkish universities at this time. In the next essay Thomas Pekar attempts a comparison of exile works byAnna Seghers and Thomas Mann and early post-war works by Hermann Kasack and Elisabeth Langgasser, focusing on experiences of delocalization and katabasis (the visit to the land of the dead, themost extreme form of delocalization). Susanne Wiedemann's paper is on how German-Jewish...

Statin-Induced Myopathy: The Two Faces of Janus

Statins (3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A reductase inhibitors) have been shown to be effective at lowering low-density lipoprotein cholesterol and decreasing the risk of coronary heart disease. Although safe and well tolerated by most patients, statins have also been associated with muscle-related adverse events. This article reviews statin-associated myotoxicity to clarify the definitions of muscle-related adverse events and discusses their incidences in major statin trials, case reports, and review articles through January 2006. Milder complaints (ie, myalgia) are reported by approximately 5% to 7% of patients who take statins. More severe myotoxicity, namely rhabdomyolysis, is extremely rare for all statins save cerivastatin, and most recent estimates of its incidence are between 0.44 and 0.54 cases per 10 000 person-years. The mechanism of statin-associated myotoxicity has not been satisfactorily defined and is likely due to multiple factors, including membrane instability, mitochondrial dysfunction, and defects in myocyte duplication.

The faces of Janus: modernism and hybridisation in the architecture of Lina Bo Bardi

From inside the echoing interior of a basketball court, large cut-out holes in the wall frame the convoluted, metropolitan landscape of São Paulo. From the outside, these holes look like hand-carved perforations in a rough and hollow concrete block. Lina Bo Bardi, the Italian-Brazilian architect, designed these unusual windows for the gymnasium of the SESC-Pompéia cultural and leisure centre between 1976 and 1982. These apertures are more than sills that control light and air (Figs 1, 2). They revive the etymological sense of the word janela, which means window in Portuguese.Like the two faces of Janus, they represent an ambivalent threshold. They exist between modern rationality and the spontaneity of everyday life and popular culture, merging where one begins and the other ends in Lina Bo Bardi's work. The window apertures exemplify the corollary of a long genealogy in the thinking and design of this unique architect, whose work defies easy classification. One of Lina Bo Bardi's major contributions to design was her focus on the cultural and anthropological character of architecture and her ability to hybridise modern and vernacular repertoires. She conceptualised this procedure as arquitetura pobre (simple architecture). Lina Bo Bardi's search for simplification and unpolished materials reflected her political and aesthetic interest in how Brazilian popular culture creatively dealt with the scarcity of material means. By doing so, she confronted privileged and disadvantaged social realities in Brazil. The development of this hybrid attitude came from her Italian experience, and can be seen in three major examples of her work spanning some twenty years: the Museum of Art of São Paulo, the Museum of Popular Art in Salvador, and the SESC-Pompéia. Her position as a woman and as a foreigner with easy access to the Brazilian architectural and cultural mainstream gave her a unique opportunity to realise her projects. Her dissonant voice cost her isolation for a long time until her work started to be valued in the 1980s. The spaces and buildings that Lina Bo Bardi designed look bare and sometimes even harsh. Yet, they manifest a deeply sensitive and intuitive approach that opened up the threshold between conflicting cultural spheres of modernisation in Brazil in the second part of the twentieth century.

EUROPEANMIGRATION WHAT DO WE KNOW?

1. The Economics of Migration 2. From Boom to Bust: The Economic Integration of Immigrants in Postwar Sweden 3. Migration in an Scandanavian Welfare State: The Recent Danish Experience 4. Irish Migration: Characteristics, Causes, and Consequences 5. Migration, Migrants, and Policy in the United Kingdom 6. The Netherlands: Old Emigrants - Young Immigrant Country 7. German Migration: Development, Assimilation, and Labour Market Effects 8. Immigrant Adjustment in France and Impacts on the Natives 9. Italian Migration 10. Greek Migration: The two faces of Janus 11. Migrations in Spain: Historical Background and Current Trends 12. International Migration from and to Portugal: What Do We Know and Where Are We Going? 13. Aliyah to Israel: Immigration Under Conditions of Adversity 14. The New Immigrants (USA) 15. Canadian Immigration Experience: Any Lesson for Europe? 16. Europeans in the Antipodes: New Zealand's Mixed Immigration Experience

Teaching scientists to be citizens. It is hard to become a good scientist. It is even harder to become a good citizen.

Deep in the German forests above Heidelberg, the European Molecular Biology Laboratory (EMBL), in its infancy in the late 1970s, was a haven of basic research and serenity. I remember hard experimental work, intensive discussions and unexpected ideas emerging along the wooded paths. On a recent visit, I saw that the busy buzzing of EMBL has by no means receded. But I also saw that EMBL is changing. The explosive growth of the parking lots and the new buildings for commercial companies are reshaping the glade; scientists are sitting behind their computer screens most of the time; there are more females than males; last summer, the temperature broke another record high. And, probably much more important, the scientists working there are becoming aware that there is a world outside the laboratories. It started with rumours rising from the valley that first reminded us that a wider world was bubbling not far away. We were amazed at the gossip reported in the local press that clover, growing around the Laboratory, had a suspicious number of leaves because of some mysterious genetic manipulations. We were shocked when the media widely covered the claim made by an East German scientist that AIDS was a product of the US Secret Services. Nowadays, news about cloning, stem‐cell research, bioterrorism and the turbulence of the stock market is pouring in daily. Biologists know about change. For more than 3 billion years, life has undergone changes, and no one would be here to witness anything if evolution had not been hard at work. But the changes that are now occurring are different, because they are anthropogenic and because they are happening increasingly rapidly. And they are not met with enthusiasm by everyone: “Stop improving things!”, an angry hand had written on the door of the computer room. …

RESPONSE: Re: Effect of Long-Term Estrogen Deprivation on Apoptotic Responses of Breast Cancer Cells to 17beta-Estradiol and The Two Faces of Janus: Sex Steroids as Mediators of Both Cell Proliferation and Cell Death

RESPONSE: Re: Effect of Long-Term Estrogen Deprivation on Apoptotic Responses of Breast Cancer Cells to 17beta-Estradiol and The Two Faces of Janus: Sex Steroids as Mediators of Both Cell Proliferation and Cell Death

RESPONSE: Re: Effect of Long-Term Estrogen Deprivation on Apoptotic Responses of Breast Cancer Cells to 17beta-Estradiol and The Two Faces of Janus: Sex Steroids as Mediators of Both Cell Proliferation and Cell Death

RESPONSE: Re: Effect of Long-Term Estrogen Deprivation on Apoptotic Responses of Breast Cancer Cells to 17beta-Estradiol and The Two Faces of Janus: Sex Steroids as Mediators of Both Cell Proliferation and Cell Death

The Faces of Janus: Marxism and Fascism in the Twentieth Century

Journal Article The Faces of Janus: Marxism and Fascism in the Twentieth Century Get access The Faces of Janus: Marxism and Fascism in the Twentieth Century by A. James Gregor. New Haven, Yale University Press, 2000. 256 pp. $30.00 Tony Smith Tony Smith Tufts University Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Political Science Quarterly, Volume 116, Issue 1, Spring 2001, Pages 165–167, https://doi.org/10.2307/2657846 Published: 15 February 2013

The Faces of Janus: Marxism and Fascism in the Twentieth Century. By A. James Gregor. New Haven: Yale University Press, 2000. xi, 240 pp. Appendix. Notes. Index. $30.00, hard bound.

The Faces of Janus: Marxism and Fascism in the Twentieth Century. By A. James Gregor. New Haven: Yale University Press, 2000. xi, 240 pp. Appendix. Notes. Index. $30.00, hard bound. - Volume 60 Issue 2

The Faces of Janus: Marxism and Fascism in the Twentieth Century. By A. James Gregor. New Haven, CT: Yale University Press, 2000. 256p. $30.00. - Phoenix: Fascism in Our Time. By A. James Gregor. New Brunswick: Transaction, 1999. 208p. $32.95.

The Faces of Janus: Marxism and Fascism in the Twentieth Century. By A. James Gregor. New Haven, CT: Yale University Press, 2000. 256p. $30.00. - Phoenix: Fascism in Our Time. By A. James Gregor. New Brunswick: Transaction, 1999. 208p. $32.95.

The faces of Janus: Marxism and fascism in the twentieth century

Attempting to understand the catalogue of horrors that has characterised much of twentieth-century history, Western scholars generally distinguish between violent revolutions of the right and the Fascist regimes are assigned to the evil right, Marxist-Leninist regimes to the benign left. But this distinction has left us without a coherent understanding of the revolutionary history of the twentieth century, contends A. James Gregor in this insightful book. He traces the evolution of Marxist theory from the 1920s through the 1990s and argues that the ideology of Marxism-Leninism devolved into fascism. Fascist regimes and Communist regimes - both anti-democratic ideocracies - are far more closely related than has been recognised. Employing wide-ranging primary source materials in Italian, German, Russian, and Chinese, the book opens with an examination of the first standard Marxist interpretation of Mussolini's fascism in the early 1920s and proceeds through the emergence of fascist phenomena in post-Communist Russia. A clearer understanding of the relation between fascism and communism provides a sharper lens through which to view twentieth-century history as well as the present and future politics of Russia, Communist China, and other non-democratic states, Gregor concludes.

The Faces of Janus: Marxism and Fascism in the Twentieth Century, By A. James Gregor

The Faces of Janus: Marxism and Fascism in the Twentieth Century, By A. James Gregor

Two Faces of Janus: Post-War Lebanon and Its Reconstruction

Two Faces of Janus: Post-War Lebanon and Its Reconstruction

Holonic modelling: human resource planning and the two faces of Janus

Gives the background to human resource planning (HRP) and argues that HRP tools are still an essential management requirement. Looks, therefore, to HRP tools that are not so mathematically complex as to be of little use to the average practitioner. Provides an approach which harnesses modern spreadsheet technology to implement the previously esoteric tools of analysis ‐ “holonic modelling”. Holonic modelling recognizes that computer power and the flexibility of software packages allow problems to be structured in a flexible manner. Goes on to demonstrate the use of holonic modelling in the context of HRP.

The Two Faces of Janus: Institutions, Policy Regimes and Macroeconomic Performance in Greece

Greece The two faces of Janus: institutions, policy regimes and macroeconomic performance The clear change in policy regime in Greece around 1974 offers an opportunity to assess the extent to which economic performance depends on institutional underpinning. For twenty years up to 1974, Greece enjoyed rapid growth, high investment and low inflation; during the next twenty years, growth and investment collapsed and inflation became high and persistent. I describe the political background to such clear institutional change, and the nature of the two economic regimes: the first providing coordination and commitment mechanisms to sustain adequate returns for high investment, the second failing to do so. The same change in political climate after 1974 raised public sector deficits and debt, fuelling a trade deficit and monetary expansion. Entry to the EC did not cause the economic slowdown in Greece, but transfers from the EC did mask the underlying problem, delaying necessary adjustment. Recent attempts to reverse Greece's fortunes are in the right direction but as yet inadequate. — George Alogoskoufis

The Faces of Janus: Free-Thinkers, Jews, and Christianity in Nineteenth-Century Britain

Nineteenth-Century Britain was a Christian country, in that its laws and institutions were based upon the Christian religion. Not to be a Christian was to be excluded from full citizenship, for Christianity was, in the eyes of the Common Law, ‘parcel of the laws of England’. Until the Catholic Relief Act of 1829 Christianity was still for some purposes equated with Protestantism and, after this date, Jews and other ‘infidels’ continued unable to sit in Parliament or swear an oath as witnesses in courts of law. Conversely, those British Radicals of the nineteenth century who rejected the aristocratic politics of what they termed ‘Old Corruption’ frequently chose also to attack its religious base—Anglicanism or, in extreme cases, the entire Christian system under which they were required to live.

O'Connell and the Faces of Janus

O'Connell and the Faces of Janus

The Keynesian Theory of Inflation: The Two Faces of Janus?

The Keynesian Theory of Inflation: The Two Faces of Janus?

The Two Faces of Janus: Delay in Metropolitan Trial Courts

Recent studies show that metropolitan trial courts have far larger case-loads than other courts. These loads differ in substance from those of nonmetropolitan courts, being disproportionately weighted with special types of cases, such as criminal, mental, alcoholic, traffic, domestic relations cases, and litigation otherwise related to the special behavior of metropolitan populations. Metropolitan court systems usually are complex, overlapping, and not adjusted to the geo graphic area to be served. Because of the special structural patterns of metropolitan courts, and the special conditions under which they operate, delay in disposing of cases is espe cially and predominantly a metropolitan court problem. In these courts, ever increasing pressure to speed up the tempo of justice is balanced by the need to avoid perfunctory routine disposition, so as to defeat the very purpose of seeking justice. To overcome both aspects of this leering monster—delay and perfunctory routine—is the special problem of metropolitan courts.