Abstract
Nineteenth-Century Britain was a Christian country, in that its laws and institutions were based upon the Christian religion. Not to be a Christian was to be excluded from full citizenship, for Christianity was, in the eyes of the Common Law, ‘parcel of the laws of England’. Until the Catholic Relief Act of 1829 Christianity was still for some purposes equated with Protestantism and, after this date, Jews and other ‘infidels’ continued unable to sit in Parliament or swear an oath as witnesses in courts of law. Conversely, those British Radicals of the nineteenth century who rejected the aristocratic politics of what they termed ‘Old Corruption’ frequently chose also to attack its religious base—Anglicanism or, in extreme cases, the entire Christian system under which they were required to live.
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