Face Washing Research Articles

Combinatory effects of microplastics and emerging contaminants on alga Chlamydomonas reinhardtii

In oceans today, there is much concern about the effects of microplastics (MPs) and other emerging contaminants (ECs). Here, the authors investigated the combinatory effects of the MPs poly(vinyl chloride) (PVC) and acrylates/C10–30 alkyl acrylates cross-polymer (AC) (which are commonly found in face wash), together with 2-phenoxyethanol (an EC commonly used in soaps). The model photosynthetic unicellular alga Chlamydomonas reinhardtii was used to study the potential of these pollutants to initiate algal blooms. It was shown that AC alone resulted in a greater decline in algal biomass as compared with PVC in the short term (14 days). While algal cultures exposed to PVC registered the highest increase in concentrations of the chlorophyll a pigment, it was the combinatory effects of each MP and 2-phenoxyethanol that were the most pronounced in terms of the large increase in algal biomass and the formation of extracellular polymeric substances. Proliferative growths of C. reinhardtii after prolonged exposure to AC–EC contaminants show potential for initiating algal blooms in aquatic environments. Hence, AC should be considered for regulation of waste water removal into water bodies, and other combinations of MPs and ECs should also be investigated.

Investigation of the Chemical Content and User Comments on Facial Cleansing Products.

The goal of skin cleansing is to reduce sebum and exogenous pollutants and control the skin microbiome. Surfactants in cleansers dissolve hydrophobic substances in an aqueous phase and allow them to move away from the skin's surface. The negative effect of surfactants on the skin barrier can be reduced by changing the solution properties. As a dermatologist in the group of patients we encounter in our clinical dermatology practice who recommends face wash products, we thought of conducting this research in order to determine the product contents to identify the products with the highest user satisfaction so that we can easily make the selection of the right product and direct the patients correctly. We planned to conduct cross-sectional research. Ten facial cleansing products sold on the most popular website that sells dermo-cosmetic products online in our country were selected. In the selection of the website, the criterion of having the most Internet traffic was sought. Internet traffic data was obtained from www.similarweb.com. The classification of the identified key ingredients according to their chemical properties was used on https://cosmeticanalysis.com. Reviews for each of the ten products in total were examined from the most recent date to the oldest. We detected 87 different chemicals in ten different products. These basically consisted of surfactants, emollients (moisturizers), emulsifiers (cleansers), buffering (denaturators), herbal ingredients-antioxidants, solvents, and moisturizers. A total of 30 different surfactants were identified as the main cleaning ingredient in the examined products. Counterfeit product reporting was especially high on expensive products. No correlation was found between the number of surfactants in the products and the positive effects, such as cleansing and acne reduction and increase, and the negative effects, such as dryness, redness, burning, and smoothing/softening (p>0.05). There was a negative correlation between the cleansing effect of the products and the improvement and worsening of acne(p<0.05, p<0.001, respectively). The bottom line is that a good facial cleansing product doesn't have to contain a lot of chemicals and surfactants. It should be kept in mind that expensive products may be counterfeit and should question whether the product is original or not on the local product detection system from the barcode number.

HERBAL COMPONENTS AS AN ADVANTAGEOUS REMEDY FOR PIMPLE AND ACNE IN FACE-WASH: A SYSTEMIC REVIEW

erbal formulations are in high demand on the global market. The human epidermis is the most vulnerable organ in the body to infections and disease-causing microbes. It also acts as the majorly responsible body part for respiration. As a result, it needs a great deal of care and protection. Many skin issues can occur throughout puberty due to internal component imbalances and hormone imbalances. The most prevalent skin condition is acne. The most commonly afflicted areas are the face and neck. The removal of oil from the face is a preventative measure. This will need proper cleaning and washing. Antibiotic gels and anti-acne washes or masks containing synthetic medicines are presently available on the market. Unfortunately, in addition to treating illnesses and killing infections, these medicines may have adverse effects. Various studies have demonstrated the effectiveness of herbal-based compositions for cleansing and oil removal. As a result of this necessity, we came up with the notion of using herbs and various plant derived components markedly useful in the various treatments of skin-related conditions. The characteristics of various face wash and their efficacy are reviewed in the current study comprehensively. The main objective of this study is the comparison of Ingredients used in various formulations of face wash like Neem, Aloe vera, Belpatra, Curry, Haldi, Lemon, Indian madder, Sweet flag, Lodhra, Gelling agent, Preservative, Neutralizer, Humectants, Vehicle, Perfume, Chelating agent, on the basis of evaluation and effective development of emerging techniques used in the markedly available face wash which reportedly proven as an advantageous measure of treatment.

Formulation of Guava Based Herbal Face Wash

Formulation of Guava Based Herbal Face Wash

The Impact of Secondary School Students’ Hygiene Habits on Environmental Knowledge

For sustainable development, hygiene should be specific to general, from personal hygiene to environmental cleaning, and environmental awareness of individuals should be made more permanent. It is estimated that individuals who know the importance of personal hygiene may be more sensitive to the ecological problems of their society. Individuals growing up sensitive to the environment can make the environment more livable. This study aimed to investigate the impact of variables such as gender, class level, residence, educational status of parents, type of residence of the family, hand-face washing, and frequency of bathing on the environmental knowledge of secondary school students. In the study, the survey method among descriptive research was used. The study was conducted with a total of 360 secondary school students studying in the village schools and central schools in Ağrı province in the 2018-2019 academic year. In the study, Environmental Knowledge Test (water-soil pollution) and Hygiene Information Form (face washing, bathing) were used as data collection tools, and their relationship with the variables included in the data collection tools was examined. Mann Whitney U, Kruskal Wallis Tests were used to analyze the data. As a result of the statistical analysis, a significant relationship was found between environmental knowledge and gender, class level, parental education level, and residence; however, no significant relationship was found between environmental knowledge and the frequency of hand-face washing and bathing.

Isolation and characterization of microplastics from skin care products; interactions with albumin proteins and in-vivo toxicity studies on Artemia salina

Skincare products are a significant source of primary microplastics (MPs). This study isolates and characterizes microplastic from two skin care products: face wash (FW-MPs) and face scrub (FS-MPs). Microplastics extracted were around 660 µm in size. The extracted MPs, designated as unground MPs (UG-MPs), were smooth surface and spherical. Ground ones were denoted as the ground MPs (G-MPs) that varied in size and surface shape. G-MPs interacted with bovine serum albumin (BSA) and human serum albumin (HSA). BSA adsorption on FW-MPs was 29%, whereas HSA adsorption was 47%. Contrarily, FS-MPs displayed 17% and 31%. Fluorescence spectroscopy and FE-SEM images showed HSA adsorption on G-MPs was greater than BSA. G-MP interaction changed the life cycle of Artemia salina. UV-Vis and fluorescence spectroscopy were used to study protein adsorption and desorption on G-MPs. A. salina treated to 2.5 mg/mL G-MPs delayed hatching and development and internalized microplastics in the gut at 144 h exposure.

Analyzing trends in treatment of acne vulgaris in pregnancy: a retrospective study.

Analyzing trends in treatment of acne vulgaris in pregnancy: a retrospective study.

A Single Centre Open Label Post Marketing Surveillance Study to Evaluate the Efficacy and Safety of Roop Mantra Cucumber Ayurvedic Medicinal Face Wash

The objective of the study was to assess the safety and efficacy of Roop Mantra Cucumber Ayurvedic Medicinal Face Wash in subjects with acne, facial scars, pimples, blemishes, dull skin and dry skin. Methods: This was a single-center, open-label, non-randomized post-marketing surveillance study with 120 subjects. Subjects were selected on the basis of inclusion criteria. The study included three scheduled clinical visits on days 0 (screening and baseline visit), 15 (follow-up visit), and 30 (final visit). Following an assessment of baseline data, all subjects were given Roop Mantra Cucumber Ayurvedic Medicinal Face Wash for 30 days. The efficacy of Roop Matra Cucumber Ayurvedic Medicinal Face Wash was determined by measuring changes in parameters such as skin characteristics, skin appearance, and Global Acne Assessment (GAA) score. Product safety was assessed by determining local intolerance and adverse effects of Roop Mantra Cucumber Ayurvedic Medicinal Face Wash. Results: The results of the study showed that applying Roop Mantra Cucumber Ayurvedic Medicinal Face Wash for 30 days significantly improved skin’s characteristic and appearance. Roop Mantra Cucumber Ayurvedic Medicinal Face Wash was also found to be dermatologically well tolerated and had no negative impacts over the course of the study. Conclusion: The polyherbal Roop Mantra Cucumber Ayurvedic Medicinal Face Wash was found to be very safe and effective in reducing acne, pimples, blemishes, and skin dryness with improved skin texture and appearance. Roop Mantra Cucumber Ayurvedic Medicinal Face Wash is therefore a clinically feasible and safe alternative for treating the aforementioned skin conditions.

Clinical Features of Adult Male Acne in a Tropical Country: A Prospective Cross-sectional Study

Objective: To evaluate the characteristics of post-adolescent male patients with acne in terms of the onset of the condition, its clinical course and severity, and the behaviors associated with its severity.&#x0D; Materials and Methods: A prospective, cross-sectional study was conducted on adult males with acne who visited Siriraj Hospital, Thailand. All male acne patients aged 21 years and older were enrolled. Diagnoses and physical examinations were performed by dermatologists.&#x0D; Results: Seventy-two patients (mean age, 26.9 [± 4.3] years) were included. Persistent acne, relapse acne, and late-onset acne (onset at age ≥ 21 years) were reported in 62.5%, 33.3%, and 4.2% cases, respectively. Persistent acne tended to subside at 26 years of age, whereas late-onset acne tended to start at 28 years of age. The acne severity was mild in most cases. Pimple-picking, followed by frequent face washing, were common habits among male acne patients. Shaving influenced the severity in some adult male with acne.&#x0D; Conclusion: Adult male acne commonly presented as inflammatory lesions and comedones on the cheeks. They commonly had an onset earlier than 21 years old and continued into adulthood, but the post-adolescent severity tended to be mild. While several factors have been reported elsewhere to be involved in the severity of acne, this study found that only shaving influenced severity.

Formulasi Dan Uji Aktivitas Antibakteri Facial Foam Minyak Biji Jintan Hitam (Nigella Sativa Oil)

Acne is a disease that most people suffer especially among adolescent, one of the causes of acne is usually caused by the growth of acne-causing bacteria that is Staphylococcus epidermidis. One of the ingredients that can be used as an antibacterial product is black cumin seed oil (Nigella sativa oil), it is known that black cumin seed oil contains Thymoquinone and α-pinen which are efficacious as antibacterial. This research aims to produce a cosmetic preparation in the form of a face wash that effectively cleans the skin from dust and dirt from makeup, as well as preparations that have antibacterial activity against Staphylococcus epidermidis by using the well diffusion method. Black cumin seed oil is formulated into facial foam in several concentrations, namely 3% (FI), 5% (FII) and 7% (FIII). Evaluation of fa cial foam preparations includes examination of organoleptic, pH, foam power, skin irritation, homogeneity, wetting power, alcohol insoluble portion, freeze and thaw, examination of mineral oil, washability and antibacterial activity. Data analysis using One Way ANOVA statistical test and descriptive. The result showed that the physical stability test, the three facial foam formulas have good physical stability and meet the pH requirements of topical cosmetic preparation. In the antibacterial activity test, it was found that the facial foam preparation of black cumin seed oil give inhibition of 15.37 mm (FI), 16.52 mm (FII) and 17.25 mm (FIII). Based on the one way ANOVA statistical data, the p value &lt;0,05 which means that three is a significant difference in inhibition diameter between FI, FII and FIII which negative control and positive control. It is concluded that the facial foam preparations of black cumin seed oil was physically stable and based on antibacterial activity tests, it is known that FIII has the most bacterial resistance of 17.25 mm with medium resistance category.

Market Basket Analysis Using FP-Growth Algorithm to Design Marketing Strategy by Determining Consumer Purchasing Patterns

The development and competition that exists in the business world today leads every manager or company to be more dexterous in making marketing strategies to increase sales. Various things are done to keep up with existing market competition, such as analyzing customer purchase transaction data to serve as a policy determination and decision-making system in making marketing strategies. In determining marketing strategies, it can be done by taking transaction data to see existing purchase or transaction patterns. Market Basket Analysis is part of a data mining method that uses the FP-Growth algorithm technique to find out associated products. This research uses data taken from sales transaction data archives as much as 150 sales transaction data and 26 product data. In this study, it is determined that the minimum support value is 50% and the minimum confidence is ≥ 0.75 From the test results, 9 products have superior support values and meet the minimum value. From the test results, a rule with a confidence value of 0.870 was obtained: D → W (if consumers buy Wardah Lightening Gentle Wash, then buy Azarine Sunscreen SPF50), and 0.808: A → E → O (if consumers buy Emina Face Wash, then buy Azarine Night Moisturizer and Himalaya Neem Mask).

Determinants of Trachomatous Inflammation-Follicular Among Children Aged 1 to 9 Years Old in a Rural Area of Gozamn District, Northwestern Ethiopia: A Matched Case-Control Study

Approximately 1.9 million people worldwide are blind or visually impaired due to trachoma, and trachoma remains endemic in 44 countries. Amhara in Ethiopia has the highest burden of trachoma in the world. A key indicator of whether active trachoma requires public health intervention is the incidence of trachomatous inflammation-follicular in children aged 1 to 9 years. However, limited study has been conducted on the determinants in rural communities. This study therefore aimed to fill this gap by identifying determinants in the Gozamn district of northwestern Ethiopia. A community-based case-control study was carried out between March 15 and April 30, 2021. Five or more follicles on the epitaxial conjunctivae that are larger than 0.5 mm were considered a case. Controls were free of any sign of trachoma. A semi-structured questionnaire and an observational checklist were used to gather the data, and STATA version 14 was used for the analysis. Using a 95% confidence interval, both bivariable and multivariable conditional logistic regression was performed. A total of 726 mothers/caregivers participated in this study, with a participation rate of 98.4%. Children from poor families (mAOR = 4.68; CI: 2.80-6.21), households where the water source is far from home (>30 minutes) (mAOR = 4.91; KI: 1.37-12.56), mean daily water consumption (<20 l/c/d) (mAOR = 4.42; CI:1.71-11.39), face washing frequency less than once a day (mAOR = 10.64; CI: 2.58-18.84), cloth washing frequency once a month or less (mAOR = 9.18; CI: 2.20-18.62), and mothers or caregivers with poor knowledge of active trachoma (mAOR = 3.88; CI: 1.47-10.22) were determinants of trachomatous inflammation-follicular. We conclude that infrequent faces and clothes washing; unavailability of water, children in poor families, and poor knowledge of mothers/caregivers were risk factors. Health education initiatives about active trachoma, its prevention, and control methods focusing on personal hygiene are so required.

Microplastic contamination reduces productivity in a widespread freshwater photosymbiosis

Microplastic (plastic particles &lt;5 mm in size) contamination is ubiquitous in nature and known to interact with organisms ranging from microbes to mammals. Notably, recent studies have shown that microplastics may interfere with photosymbiosis, an ecologically important association that has suffered pronounced recent declines in the face of contemporary climate change. However, limited findings thus far have largely focussed on select marine associations. Whether freshwater photosymbioses may also be affected remains poorly understood. Here, I aimed to help bridge this gap by asking whether microplastic contamination impacts several traits (growth rate, symbiont density, metabolic rate and feeding rate) in a common, widespread freshwater photosymbiosis, the Paramecium bursaria-Chlorella spp. association. To address how productivity, an important ecosystem service provided by photosymbiosis globally, could be affected, I also measured changes in photosymbiotic net productivity (net photosynthesis rate). To do so, I exposed the symbiosis to microplastics (microbeads extracted from commercial face wash) under laboratory conditions. My key result was that, compared with non-contaminated control cultures, the contaminated symbiosis demonstrated lower net productivity. This response raises concern for primary production rates in freshwater ecosystems contaminated with microplastics, adding to an established story of widespread degradation associated with microplastic pollution globally.

PENGARUH BRAND IMAGE DAN PRODUCT QUALITY TERHADAP BRAND LOYALTY MELALUI BRAND TRUST PADA PRODUK FACE WASH MEREK WARDAH DI SURABAYA

The sampling technique used is non-probability sampling by purposive sampling. The tool used is a questionnaire. The sample used was 200 respondents, namely consumers of face wash products in Surabaya. The data analysis technique used is Structural Equations Modeling using the LISREL program. The results of the study prove that brand image has a significant effect on brand loyalty, product quality has a significant effect on brand trust, brand image does not have a significant effect on brand loyalty, product quality does not have a significant effect on brand loyalty, brand trust does not have a significant effect on brand loyalty, and brand image does not significant effect to brand loyalty through brand trust, and product quality does not significant effect to brand loyalty through brand trust.

Relative Stability of Regional Facial and Ocular Temperature Measurements in Healthy Individuals.

Non-contact measurement of facial temperature using infrared thermography has been used for mass screening of body temperature during a pandemic. We investigated the relative stability of temperature measurement in different facial regions of healthy individuals. Twenty healthy subjects underwent two experiments. In the first experiment, subjects washed their faces with a 20°C wet towel for 1 minute. Temperature changes compared to baseline in the forehead, cornea, inner canthus, and outer canthus were determined using an infrared camera for 10 minutes. In the second experiment, lubricating eye drops at 20°C were instilled over one eye. Temperature changes in the same regions of interest were monitored for 5 minutes. Baseline temperatures before face washing in the forehead and cornea, inner canthus, and outer canthus of the right eye were 33.4°C ± 0.8°C (mean ± SD), 33.3°C ± 0.8°C, 34.3°C ± 0.7°C, and 32.8°C ± 0.7°C, respectively. Reductions in temperature due to face washing were most significant for the forehead and least significant for the cornea. One minute after face washing, the corresponding changes were -2.8°C ± 0.6°C, -0.3°C ± 0.6°C, -0.6°C ± 0.7°C, and -0.9°C ± 0.7°C for the forehead, cornea, inner canthus, and outer canthus, respectively. After administering the eye drops, no significant temperature changes were observed. When facial temperature was exogenously cooled, the cornea had the most stable temperature readings. When using infrared thermography to screen facial temperature, the measurement of corneal temperature is probably a better representative if the stability of temperature readings is critical.

Effects of water restriction and dirt on grooming behavior in neotropical rodents (Trinomys setosus and T. yonenagae) (Echimyidae)

Grooming in rodents presents an evolutionarily conserved behavioral pattern that may cause water loss since saliva is deposited during washing onto large body surfaces. Trinomys yonenagae and Trinomys setosus are sister species of spiny rats occurring in Brazil, the former inhabiting a paleodesert of fixed dunes in the Caatinga, the latter being found in mesic environments of the Atlantic Forest. Consequently, it is expected that both species evolved under different selective pressures related to water balance, with T. yonenagae presenting mechanisms for dealing with water deprivation not found in T. setosus. Reduction of self-cleaning expression seems to offer a possible way to save water, as previously suggested by studies of the sand-dwelling spiny rat. Therefore, we propose to investigate grooming under four conditions: 'control' (C), a regimen of 'water restriction' (WR), of 'dirt' (D), and the combination of both conflicting stimuli (WR + D), in T. setosus, T. yonenagae, and Rattus norvegicus to compare the behavioral responses of these species. The main differences are observed in the forest dweller: T. setosus expresses a low relative duration of face washing under C, whose value is intermediate between the ones found in the two other species. WR treatment does not alter this pattern, however, the addition of dirt (D, WR + D) significantly increases the relative duration of washing in relation to C. Locomotor activity is decreased both in T. setosus and Wistar rats when they are under WR, a situation that could jeopardize antipredatory performance. T. yonenagae, the sand dweller, maintains a significantly lower expression of washing under C, as previously suggested, and under WR, D and WR + D. In addition, differently from the other two species the sand dweller maintains a normal activity level during all treatments. This study suggests differences in grooming as a strategy alluding to water balance by the two spiny rats inhabiting different ecosystems. A significantly clear pattern that saves water is observed in T. yonenagae, which probably has contributed to his evolution in one of the hottest semiarid areas of the world.

The Effect of Celebrity Endorsers and Product Quality on Purchase Decisions Through Brand Image in AUD Face Wash at The Irian Bahagia’s Supermarket in Medan City

Modern life offers convenience and practicality to support appearance, one of which is the use of care or cosmetic products. Cosmetics are one very important thing, especially to support consumer beauty. Currently, cosmetics are a necessity that cannot be underestimated, because almost all consumers, especially women, cannot be separated from cosmetic products every day. This research was conducted to examine the effect of Celebrity Endorser image and product quality on purchasing decisions for AUD cosmetics among women in Medan. This research is motivated by cosmetics which currently have become a primary need, especially for most women. This causes the cosmetic industry to compete competitively with various strategies to attract consumers to use its products. This research uses a quantitative approach method. The population in this study were consumers of AUD cosmetics users and a sample of 96 respondents was taken. The sampling technique in this study was purposive sampling. The data collection method uses a questionnaire method which is measured using a Likert scale. The analytical method used in this research is the validity test, reliability test, normality test, multicollinearity test, heteroscedasticity test, multiple linear regression analysis test, T-test, F-test, and determinant coefficient test (R2). Tests were carried out using SPSS. The results showed that the celebrity endorser image variable affected the purchasing decision variable by 33,8% and the brand image variable by 39,3%. While the product quality variable has an effect on 8.5% of the purchasing decision variable and it can be concluded that the brand image variable (X3) has a more dominant influence on the purchasing decision variable (Y) than the celebrity endorser (X1) and product quality (X3). The results showed the simultaneous influence of the independent variables, namely celebrity endorser, brand image and product quality on the dependent variable, namely the use satisfaction of 81.7%. While the rest is explained by other variables that are not known in this study. Keywords: Celebrity Endorser, Product Quality, Brand Image, Purchase Decision

Bacterial isolates, their antimicrobial susceptibility pattern, and associated factors of external ocular infections among patients attending eye clinic at Debre Markos Comprehensive Specialized Hospital, Northwest Ethiopia.

External eye infection caused by bacteria can lead to reduced vision and blindness. Therefore, pathogen isolation and antimicrobial susceptibility testing are vital for the prevention and control of ocular diseases. The main aim of this study was to assess bacterial isolates, their antimicrobial susceptibility pattern, and associated factors of external ocular infection (EOI) among patients attended eye clinic at Debre Markos Comprehensive Specialized Hospital (DMCSH), Northwest Ethiopia. We conducted a cross-sectional study in patients with external ocular infections from January 1, 2021, to June 30, 2021, at DMCSH. Socio-demographic and clinical data were collected using semi-structured questionnaires. Following standard protocols, external ocular swabs were collected and inoculated onto blood agar, chocolate agar, MacConkey agar and mannitol salt agar (MSA). Finally, bacterial isolates were identified by Gram stain, colony morphology, and biochemical tests. Antimicrobial susceptibility testing was done by using the modified Kirby-Bauer disk diffusion technique according to Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI) guideline. Cleaned and coded data were entered into EpiData version 4.2 software and exported to Statistical Packages for Social Sciences (SPSS) version 22 for analysis. Bivariate logistic regression was applied to investigate the association between predictors and outcome variables. P-values ≤ 0.05 with 95% confidence interval were considered statistically significant. Two hundred seven study participants were enrolled in this study. More than half of them (57.5%, 119/207) were males, and 37.7% (78/207) of them were ≥ 65 years old. A total of 130 (62.8%) bacterial isolates were identified, with Gram-positive bacteria accounting for 78.5% (102/130) of the isolates. Staphylococcus aureus was the most common isolate with a 46.2% (60/130) prevalence. Ciprofloxacin was comparatively effective against Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria. The prevalence of culture-confirmed bacteria was significantly associated with age groups 15-24 (AOR: 9.18, 95%CI: 1.01-82.80; P = 0.049) and 25-64 (AOR: 7.47, 95%CI: 1.06-52.31; P = 0.043). Being farmer (AOR: 5.33, 95% CI: 1.04-37.33; P = 0.045), previous history of eye surgery (AOR: 5.39, 95% CI: 1.66-17.48; P = 0.005), less frequency of face washing (AOR: 5.32, 95% CI: 1.31-7.23; P = 0.010) and face washing once a day (AOR: 3.07, 95% CI: 1.13-25.13; P = 0.035) were also significantly associated with the prevalence of culture-confirmed bacteria. The prevalence of culture-confirmed bacteria among patients with EOI was high in the study area. A considerable proportion of bacterial isolates exhibited mono and/or multi-drug resistance. Age (15-64 years), being farmer, previous history of eye surgery and less frequency of face washing were significantly associated with the prevalence of culture-confirmed bacteria. Bacterial isolation and antibiotic susceptibility testing should be routinely performed in the study area to combat the emergence of antibiotic resistance.

Similarities and differences between SUNCT and SUNA: a cross-sectional, multicentre study of 76 patients in China

BackgroundShort-lasting unilateral neuralgiform headache attacks with conjunctival injection and tearing (SUNCT) and short-lasting unilateral neuralgiform headache attacks with cranial autonomic symptoms (SUNA) have not been evaluated sufficiently due to limited data, particularly in China.MethodsPatients with SUNCT or SUNA treated in a tertiary headache centre or seven other headache clinics of China between April 2009 and July 2022 were studied; we compared their demographics and clinical phenotypes.ResultsThe 45 patients with SUNCT and 31 patients with SUNA had mean ages at onset of 37.22 ± 14.54 years and 42.45 ± 14.72 years, respectively. The mean ages at diagnosis of SUNCT and SUNA were 41.62 ± 12.70 years and 48.68 ± 13.80 years, respectively (p = 0.024). The correct diagnosis of SUNCT or SUNA was made after an average of 2.5 (0–20.5) years or 3.0 (0–20.7) years, respectively. Both diseases had a female predominance (SUNCT: 1.14:1; SUNA: 2.10:1). The two diseases differed in the most common attack site (temporal area in SUNCT, p = 0.017; parietal area in SUNA, p = 0.002). Qualitative descriptions of the attacks included stabbing pain (44.7%), electric-shock-like pain (36.8%), shooting pain (25.0%), and slashing pain (18.4%). Lacrimation was the most common autonomic symptom in both SUNCT and SUNA patients, while eyelid oedema, ptosis, and miosis were less frequent. Triggers such as cold air and face washing were shared by the two diseases, and they were consistently ipsilateral to the attack site.ConclusionsIn contrast to Western countries, SUNCT and SUNA in China have a greater female predominance and an earlier onset. The shared core phenotype of SUNCT and SUNA, despite their partial differences, suggests that they are the same clinical entity.

Prevalence of active trachoma and associated factors among children 1-9 years old at Arsi Negele Town, West Arsi Zone, Oromia Regional State, Southern Ethiopia.

Trachoma is a public health issue in more than 50 nations worldwide, mainly in Sub-Saharan Africa, where hundreds of millions of people are considered blind. Ethiopia is projected to have 30% of the global active trachoma burden. The frequency of Trachoma Folliculitis in children aged 1 to 9 years old is 30% in the Oromia Region. Therefore, the aim of this study was to assess the prevalence of active trachoma and associated variables among children aged 1 to 9 years old in Arsi Negele Town, West Arsi Zone, Oromia Regional State, Southern Ethiopia, December 24-26, 2019. A community-based cross-sectional study was conducted in the Arsi Negele town community on December 24-26, 2019. A total of 178 study volunteers were recruited using a single population proportion formula and assigned to families in the town's three kebeles in proportion. A simple random selection procedure was used to choose study participants from the identified households. Madda Walabu University provided ethical approval, and different government structures provided letters of permission. Pre-tested structured questionnaires and binocular loupes X 2.5 were used to collect data from either mothers or fathers of eligible children for eye examination; torches with bottles of alcohol were used to gather data from either mothers or fathers of eligible children for eye examination. For analysis, data was entered into (IBM, SPSS) version 22. To assess factors associated with active trachoma, bivariate and multivariable logistic regressions were used. The crude and adjusted odds ratios with 95% confidence intervals were calculated to investigate the degree of association between the independent variables and active trachoma. Multivariate logistic regression was used to find connections between dependent and independent variables with a p≤ 0.05 confidence levels and a 95% confidence interval. The prevalence of active trachoma was determined to be 21.91% TF among 178 children aged 1 to 9 years. Flies on children's faces (AOR = 3.427; 95 percent CI: 1.432-8.171), unclean children's faces (AOR = 3.99; 95 percent CI: 1.427-11.158), face washing habits (AOR = 3.064; 95 percent CI: 1.273-7.373), and not using soap while face washing (AOR = 4.564; 95 percent CI 1.561-13.342) were found to be statistically significant associated factors with the prevalence of active trachoma. The prevalence of active trachoma was found to be relatively high. Face washing practices and the lack of soap use while washing faces were found as associated factors requiring optimal interventions to prevent trachoma infection among children aged 1-9 years in Arsi Negele town.