Facade Design Research Articles

Sürdürülebilir cephe tasarımının bir bileşeni olarak lamine pencerelerin teknolojik özelliklerinin belirlenmesi

Wood is an environment-friendly, durable and sustainable material which gives spaces a warm and natural look. The construction industry, which uses many types of materials together in terms of its components, focuses on efficiency in building materials in order to offer aesthetic, economical and ergonomic solutions as a result of today's architectural approaches. In the construction sector, the use of wood has become widespread in facade design and window production especially with the increasing importance of environmental awareness and sustainability in the 21st century. In this study, black pine (Pinus nigra subsp. pallasiana) has been used as the wood material. The test samples consist of three layers. Urea-formaldehyde glue was used for bonding the test samples. Following the physical and mechanical experiments conducted during the research process, it was determined that the technological characteristics of the window profile produced from three-layer laminated black pine wood are superior to the technological characteristics of the solid window profile representing its own species. In order to achieve sustainability goals, it can be recommended to use laminated wooden window profiles in buildings.

To the project of architectural theory

The existence of a general architectural theory is seriously doubted by most researchers. Based on the assumption that the modern stage of architecture development requires the construction of a workable theory, the article considers the process of creating a theory similar to the creation of an architectural project. It is shown that the axiomatic basis of the theory is similar to the foundation of a building. The complex of specific methods of analysis and synthesis in the theory is considered as an analogue of building materials and details in an architectural project. The connection of the building to infrastructure networks is analogous to the harmonisation of the approaches of the designed theory with modern general scientific concepts and paradigms. Shaping of the theory in the form of vivid visual images is similar to the design of facades with cladding and building cosmetics. It is shown that the foundation of architectural theory was laid in the late Middle Ages and retains its relevance and topicality. The other elements of the designed architectural theory need to be developed.

Study on Design and Planning of Modeling Facade of Urban High-rise Buildings

At present, when the government agencies in many cities approve the application for the construction of high-rise buildings, they must first evaluate the wind comfort and wind safety of high-rise buildings, and only when sufficient comfort and safety are proved will they be approved. The modeling of high-rise buildings is often not a single simple collection, but a complex body or group composed of multiple volumes. Whether its final modeling can become a harmonious and unified organic whole is the basis of forming the modeling order and aesthetic feeling of high-rise buildings. The interface between high-rise buildings and external space is facade, which plays an irreplaceable role in shaping architectural personality and creating environment, and is also closely related to the establishment of city image. Based on this, this paper analyzes the main points of the design and planning of urban high-rise building facade from the design and planning principles of urban high-rise building facade. Then according to the facade detail design, ecological design, facade decoration component design, improve the artistry and functionality of high-rise buildings.

Parametric study and sensitivity analysis on thermoelectric energy generation of building integrated photovoltaic facades in various climatic zones of China

Building Integrated Photovoltaic facades (BIPV facades) represent state-of-the-art building envelope systems generating both electrical and thermal energy. While previous research predominantly focused on electricity generation, this study investigated impact of important design parameters on all useful thermoelectric energy, including electricity, air heat gains, and indoor heat dissipation. A novel BIPV facade model has been developed in TRNSYSvalidated by extensive long-term experimental data. Through numerical simulations conducted across different climatic zones in China, parameters impact regularities were investigated with sensitivity analysis. Results revealed that influence of parameters on electricity generation is relatively modest, with sensitivity indices ranging from 0 % to 2.4 %. BIPV facade height and building insulation U-value impact demonstrate monodirectional linear pattern, while air channel width impact exhibits extremums. For all climatic zones, both electricity generation and air heat gains are most sensitive to air channel width, with sensitivity index ranging from 1.2 % to 2.4 % and 38.3 %–42.3 %, respectively. Sensitivity index of indoor heat gains to air channel width decreases from 51.2 % to 20.9 % from north to south, while sensitivity to building insulation U-value increases from 23.8 % to 85.3 %. Research provides innovative perspective on the design of BIPV facades for comprehensive thermoelectric energy utilization with design parameter priority clarified.

Thermal performance of indoor solar shading devices using a thermal nodal model and a lighting simulation model

Various facade designs, such as light shelves, have been proposed to achieve zero emission buildings. However, general thermal load simulation models are unable to properly evaluate the thermal effects of spaces near windows, such as light shelves and counters, which are installed on the interior side of windows for increased daylight utilization. In this study, we propose a method to evaluate the thermal performance of indoor light shelves. The model proposed herein consists of three components: A thermal nodal model of the window area, a lighting simulation model, and a thermal simulation model. The thermal nodal model places a node at each device (glass, ceiling, light shelf, and floor) in the light shelf space. The heat balance equation for each node is then solved. In doing so, the total transmittance of the entire indoor-installed device space, which considers inter-reflections and the solar radiation absorptance of each device, is calculated using the Radiance software. Additionally, the solar heat gain obtained using the thermal nodal model is substituted internally into NewHASP, and the thermal load calculation is performed. Finally, a simulation is performed using an office model, and the indoor-installed light shelf exhibited a 14 % reduction in annual thermal load.

The Interrelationship between the Design of House Facades and the Architectural Identity of the City: Amman City as a Model

Objectives: This study aimed to investigate the evolution of architectural identity in Amman's house facades, emphasizing the reciprocal influences between these facades and the city's overall architectural identity. Methods: The study employed a historical overview of Amman, examined the evolution of residential facades, and incorporated insights from pioneering architects through research and interviews. Analysis focused on a set of multi-story residential facades sharing certain characteristics but differing in construction stages and city locations. The goal was to understand mutual influences between architectural identity and dwelling facades. Results: The study revealed Amman's residential facades evolved from spontaneous beginnings to controlled designs influenced by local architects and municipal regulations. This led to a distinctive Urban Cubist character. Mutual influences between dwelling facades and city identity were identified, shaped by political, economic, social, and cultural factors, as well as materials. Global capitalism and new market mechanisms contributed to diverse intellectual styles, influencing the city's architectural identity. Conclusions: The study recommends reevaluating regulations for architectural facades to boost place identity for new architects. Additionally, it suggests establishing the architectural identity of the city, understanding Amman's urban growth, exploring the city's architectural identity in relation to Jordanian societal perspectives on buildings, and promoting architectural culture in academic settings.

The impact of facade geometry on visual comfort and energy consumption in an office building in different climates

In recent years, there has been a heightened emphasis improving visual comfort and energy efficiency. Various solutions have been explored to achieve high-performance design. Shading devices play a crucial role in enhancing building performance by redusing solar gains, excessive daylight, and improving both energy efficiency and occupants' visual comfort. This research aims to investigate the effect of facade geometry on visual comfort and energy consumption in four different climates of Iran and categorize each variable based on effectiveness for each location. Parametric office modeling was done by using Grasshopper and Rhino software. Then, the effect of the facade on the interior lighting and energy consumption was analyzed by Radiance, Daysim, and EnergyPlus calculation engines. The Non-Dominated Sorting Genetic Algorithm (NSGA-II) was selected to optimize solutions, minimize energy consumption, maximize useful daylight illuminance, and view quality. In addition, the methodology was used to explore the framework for optimizing office facade design in Iran's diverse climatic zones. The simulation results indicate that window-to-wall ratio and inclined wall were essential for balancing daylighting performance and energy consumption. This research stated that using a self-shading design could increase the quality of view up to 75% while reducing energy consumption and the risk of glare. Results proposed a design framework to improve visual comfort and save energy. The rotating façade's wall 10°-30° reduced cooling energy demand and energy usage intensity in selected models. So, an inclined wall could be an efficient shading device to improve building's performance in Iran.

Multi-Objective Optimization for High-Performance Building Facade Design: A Systematic Literature Review

Building facade design plays an essential role in enhancing energy efficiency and reducing environmental impact in high-performance building design. Balancing the conflicts among various building facade design variables to satisfy different optimization objectives constitutes a highly complex optimization problem. The rapidly increasing number of studies demonstrates a significant interest in implementing multi-objective optimization methods to tackle building facade optimization problems. This study conducts a systematic review of optimization methods for building facade optimization (BFO). The optimization objectives and design variables are categorized based on their characteristics. The efficiency and effectiveness of optimization algorithms in addressing BFO problems are compared. Building optimization techniques and tools are showcased, along with their functions and limitations. Key findings highlight the robust feasibility and effectiveness of optimization algorithms, methods, and techniques in resolving a diverse range of BFO challenges. The limitations, challenges, and future potential of these methods are summarized and proposed.

Comparative analysis of conventional and modern high-rise hotels in Penang based on hourly simulation of cooling load performance using DesignBuilder

The study examines the energy efficiency performance of hotel façades in relation based on the annual cooling energy consumption simulation. In achieving the objective, two case studies of high-rise city hotels are selected within the locality of Penang, Malaysia. The case studies are selected based on the year of construction coupled with the architectural styles encompassing conventional and modern design of hotel facades. In the traditional design of hotel facades, passive design elements including proper selection of window and wall materials alongside window-to-wall ratio (WWR) are less significant. Comparatively, elements of passive design in the modern hotel facades are notable. In assessing the thermal performance of the hotel façade, a case study of the conventional and modern high-rise city hotels in Penang are selected to undergo hourly cooling load simulation of hotel guestroom using the DesignBuilder program in establishing the hotel’s energy efficiency performance. The findings revealed, the average annual cooling energy of the conventional and modern high-rise city hotel guestroom is 553 kWh/m2 and 538 kWh/m2 respectively. The study concludes the elements of passive design including WWR, window material selection, and external wall colour are crucial in determining energy efficient hotel operations.

Sustainability in the modern architecture of Nicosia: A retrospective view

Architectural approaches that developed and progressed in the modern period were founded on the criteria of modern architecture. It is possible to see the distinctive features of the modern period from the 1920s to the 1970s on the island of Cyprus, which has been under the influence of many cultures for many years. This study's main goal is to investigate the architectural criteria for residences constructed throughout the modern period in the Nicosia region in relation to sustainability parameters and modern architectural approaches. The methodology of the study consists of theoretical, analysis/practical approaches and observations. The analysis of a total of 3 houses was evaluated in the context of form, function, construction, and sustainability parameters. The houses examined during the findings phase were evaluated within the framework of sustainability parameters, and modern architectural approaches taking into account modern architectural criteria. In the houses discussed in the study, free plan, ornament-free facade designs, and large window openings on the facades, depending on the Functionalism, Purism, Cubism, and international style approaches, attract attention as architectural criteria. In this regard, it clearly reveals that the ideals, approaches, and principles of the modern period are related to the sustainability parameters that emerged at that time.

The Intersection of Facade Engineering and Building Information Modeling: Opportunities and Challenges

Building Information Modeling (BIM) represents a transformative advancement in the architecture, engineering, and construction (AEC) sector, especially in the specialized field of facade engineering. Utilizing a secondary data analysis approach focused on existing case studies, this paper offers a comprehensive examination of the synergistic interaction between BIM and emerging technologies such as generative design, machine learning, performance analysis tools, digital twins, and augmented reality. These technologies are analyzed to understand their impact on the optimization of facade design, detailing, fabrication, as well as long-term maintenance and performance. The study aims to provide a nuanced understanding of the current trends, challenges, and solutions associated with this technological amalgamation. The insights gleaned are invaluable for professionals in the AEC industry, pointing toward an increasingly digitized future where enhanced efficiency, sustainability, and functional efficacy are achievable in building facade engineering.

Borromini, the Casa dei Filippini and the Two-Way Relationship between Representation and Architectural Form

The stratified relationship and mutual influence between the representation of the project and the form of built architecture manifest above all in the facade design by virtue of its natural rhetorical vocation. This is the case of the Casa dei Filippini, designed by Francesco Borromini in the second quarter of the 17th century in Rome. The perspective niche in its façade appears to be a literal three-dimensional transcription of a graphic convention adopted in the presentation drawings. To understand the context and the reasons for this “translation”, this article historically frames the theme of the facade intended as a mask and its implicit representational qualities, which can configure it as an autonomous work from the building itself; it frames the interferences between architecture and its image in the era of the advent of pseudo-projective representation and the resistance it finds; it focuses on the facade of the Casa dei Filippini and its perspective niche, here surveyed and photo-modeled to determine the size and relationship between the actual and the perceived shape. Through these methodological and operational premises, the article reconstructs the original center of the façade deformation and analyzes the fictitious value of the facade, as testified by Borromini’s attempt to orient its perception through the drawings of his Opus Architectonicum and those derived from them, eventually confirming the two-way relationship between form and representation.

Contextual Integration through Computation: Algorithmic Approaches for Incorporating Lattice Patterns into Facade Designs

Context and technology have significantly shaped architectural design throughout history, with contextuality playing a vital role in assigning meaning to designs. In light of computational tools and algorithms that revolutionize architectural design, enabling intricate and complex building geometries within shorter timeframes and heightened efficiency, this study aims to underscore the potential of algorithmic façade design. It focuses on contextual integration, utilizing the Newari lattice window as a foundational element for design exploration. The study employed computational modeling with parametric tools, scripting, and generative algorithms to create digital models that reflect the Newari lattice window pattern and fractal geometry. It utilized Text-Based Language (TBLs) like Python and Visual-Based Language (VBLs) like Grasshopper for visual experimentation and precision. Demonstrated through the re-design of the façade of the existing commercial building, Civil Mall, a significant building in Kathmandu Valley’s urban landscape, the research showcases algorithmic prowess in seamlessly integrating traditional Newari wisdom into intricate geometrical patterns. By transcending manual methods through recursion, iteration, randomness, and embracing unforeseen possibilities, the study establishes a foundational reference, enriching Nepal's architectural discourse beyond the traditional versus modern binary. This might be helpful in fostering a distinctive modern architectural language unique to Nepal. The study holds potential for further research on the prevailing traditional architectural forms and geometry in the country.

Balancing design intent and performance: an algorithmic design approach

Coordinating aesthetics and performance is critical in building design, but it requires information that is rarely available in early design stages. This scenario is further aggravated in design optimization, where evaluating several design variations is needed. It is not surprising, then, to see performance analysis being postponed to later design stages, where changes are expensive and time-consuming. This paper addresses this problem through Algorithmic Design (AD), a design approach based on algorithms that facilitates the early integration of performance criteria and its combination with creative intents. It proposes an AD-based methodology that enhances facade design exploration responding to aesthetic, performance, and economic requirements. The proposal is evaluated in the development and structural analysis of a facade, demonstrating its ability to (1) continuously provide relevant insights on the design’s structural performance and aesthetics and (2) guide the decision-making process towards solutions successfully balancing creative intents with structural and cost requirements.

PONDOK PESANTREN TAHFIDZUL QUR'AN DARUL HIJRAH PUTRA DI MARTAPURA

The increase in the number of Islamic boarding schools shows the increasing public interest inchoosing Islamic boarding schools as a place for Islamic education for their children. This is markedby their need for a better quality Islamic education, which is more inclusive, which is relevant to thetimes, and which does not only focus on academic aspects but can also build good character andbehavior in their children so that they can become a good and successful generation. useful forsociety in the future. The concepts and methods used in the design are passive design which placesmore emphasis on the physical design of the building, such as the facade design, the direction thebuilding is facing, the location and size of windows, the building's ventilation system, and the roomlayout. With this method, it is hoped that the Tahfidzul Qur'an Darul Hijrah Putra Islamic BoardingSchool can produce hafidz of the Qur'an who are faithful, pious, have good morals, areknowledgeable, do good deeds, master science and technology, excel, and excel, in accordance withthe vision of the Islamic boarding school itself.

Enhancing Building Energy Efficiency with Aluminum Composite Material Facade: A Performance Simulation Study using Building Energy Modeling and Building Information Modeling

Building facade is an integral piece to the overall design of a building, which not only ensures adequate interior thermal comfort, minimizing cooling load rate but also lowering overall building energy consumption. In recent years, aluminum composite material wall (ACM) is a new decorative material that is increasingly being used by developers, designers, and architects, which led to many innovative building facade designs. It is a straightforward and versatile product that provides a weather-resistant, sound-insulation, heat-insulation, earthquake-resistant, and shock-resistant façade that is simple to install. As a result, this study proposes a perfomance of energy simulation with ACM material applied in building design using Building Energy Modeling (BEM). Energy simulation in buildings using a Building Information Modeling (BIM) system is proposed to reduce the Energy Use Intensity (EUI) and energy cost of building in its construction process. The results of this study are expected to assist architects and building managers in improving and enhancing the energy efficiency of buildings. These significant findings demonstrate the potential of using ACM wall to improve building energy efficiency.

Efektivitas Kecerdasan Buatan VerasAI sebagai Referensi Desain Fasad Mahasiswa Arsitektur

Digital era development has supported to lighten human work these days. There is a lot of software which is acted in that case. VerasAi is one of the software which support the architecture student to find ideas/reference facade to aplly in a design. Buildang facade has important role in aextethic and building termal performance, In order to an efficient and interesting facade design become crucial in architectural practice. Methode which is used in are kualitatif deduktif that describe plug-in VerasAI application and also sharing quisoner to the architectural students which has been following Studio architecture planning and using VerasAI as a rendering tools in a design process. As results of the research are to measure the efectiveness of using VerasAI in giving facade design concept ideas for architecture students. This research also disclose that VerasAI can help to increasing time effciency in facade design process, student can explore a lot of ideas quikly and effective is possible. However, there are also some constraint of using VerasAI such as algorithm limit and lack of control over some aspects of the design. In other hand, it show how are the advantage and lack of VerasAI and impact to the architecture student.

Economic and Environmental Impact Analysis of Green Building Materials in Facade Engineering

This study provides a holistic analysis of the economic and environmental impacts of green building materials, with a particular focus on facade engineering. Utilizing computer technology and project management methodologies, the research investigates a variety of sustainable materials used in facade construction, comparing their cost-effectiveness, energy efficiency, and environmental footprint. The findings contribute to a better understanding of the trade-offs and synergies between economic feasibility and environmental sustainability in green facade design. This research could aid decision-making in the construction industry, promoting a broader adoption of green building materials in facade engineering.

Solar radiation-based method for early design stages to balance daylight and thermal comfort in office buildings

There is a lack of facade design methods for early design stages to balance thermal comfort and daylight provision that consider the obstruction angle as an independent variable without using modeling and simulations. This paper aims to develop easy-to use solar radiation-based prediction method for the design of office building facades (i.e., design parameters: room size, window-to-floor ratio, and glazing thermal/optical properties) located in urban canyons to balance daylight provision according to the European standard EN 17037:2018 and thermal comfort through specific cooling capacity. We used a simulation-based methodology that includes correlation analyses between building performance metrics and design parameters, the development of design workflows, accuracy analysis, and validation through the application of the workflows to a new development office building facades located in Tallinn, Estonia. The validation showed that the mean percentage of right/conservative predictions of thermal comfort classes is 98.8% whereas for daylight provision, it is higher than 75.6%. The use of the proposed prediction method can help designers to work more efficiently during early design stages and to obtain optimal performative solutions in much shorter time: window sizing in 73,152 room combinations in 80 s.

Research on the Application of CGAN in the Design of Historic Building Facades in Urban Renewal—Taking Fujian Putian Historic Districts as an Example

In recent years, artificial intelligence technology has widely influenced the design field, introducing new ideas to efficiently and systematically solve urban renewal design problems. The purpose of this study is to create a stylized generation technology for building facade decoration in historic districts, which will aid in the design and control of district style and form. The goal is to use the technical advantages of the conditional generative adversarial network (CGAN) in image generation and style transfer to create a method for independently designing a specific facade decoration style by interpreting image data of historical district facades. The research in this paper is based on the historical district of Putian in Fujian Province and facilitates an experiment of image data acquisition, image processing and screening, model training, image generation, and style matching of the target area. The research found the following: (1) CGAN technology can better identify and generate the decorative style of historical districts. It can realize the overall or partial scheme design of the facade. (2) In terms of adaptability, this method can provide a better scheme reference for historical district reconstruction, facade renovation, and renovation design projects. Especially for districts with obvious decorative styles, the visualization effect is better. In addition, it also has certain reference significance for the determination and design of the facade decoration style of a specific historical building. (3) Lastly, this method can better learn the internal laws of the complex district style and form to generate a new design with a clear decoration style attribute. It can be extended to other fields of historical heritage protection to enhance practitioners’ stylized control of the heritage environment and improve the efficiency and capability of professional design.