Fabry-Perot Laser Diode Research Articles

Fast Wavelength Switching of a Dual-Contact Two-Color Semiconductor Laser With Current Modulation

We present measurements of wavelength switching under current modulation in a dual-contact two-color diode laser. The Fabry-Perot laser diode considered is designed to support only two primary modes with a spacing of 480 GHz. A heterodyne measurement of the switching dynamics with modulation of the drive current of the long contact shows switching of the intensity in times of 2 ns with 30-dB contrast ratio.

Employing external injection-locked Fabry-Perot laser scheme for mm-wave generation

We propose and experimentally investigate a 170 GHz band millimeter-wave source employing an external dual-mode-locked Fabry-Perot laser diode (FP-LD) with a 1.38 nm mode-spacing. Two continuous-wave (CW) lights are aligned to inject the corresponding modes of FP-LD to generate dual-beat-mode output. The proposed dual-mode laser is not only stable, but also has single-longitudinal-mode (SLM) output characteristics. Moreover, the relationship between two external-injected wavelengths is also analyzed for the dual-wavelength output.

Non-degenerated Four-Wave Mixing Generated Power Ratio between Co-Propagated Pump Fabry–Perot Modes and Probe Signal in a Non-zero Dispersion Shifted Fiber

We theoretically and experimentally study of the four-wave mixing (FWM) that exists between the co-propagated pump Fabry–Perot (FP) modes of a FP laser diode (FPLD) and the single wavelength probe signal in a 25 km of non-zero dispersion shifted fiber (NZDSF) with zero dispersion wavelength of 1495 nm. The 100-mW co-propagated FP spectra centered at 1440 nm are reproduced via FWM around the 1-mW single wavelength signal around 1552 nm. The maximum FWM generated power ratio is found to have the first condition in matching of the group indices of the pump and signal to obtain the maximum FWM efficiency. And the second condition is mapping the signal wavelength to the center wavelength of the FP pump modes to have the adjacent FP modes with larger powers. The zero-dispersion wavelength of NZDSF can also be determined at the middle of the signal and the center wavelength of pump to have the maximum FWM generated power ratio.

Tunable self-seeding Fabry–Pérot laser diode for upstream multiwavelength shared ethernet passive optical network

We present a novel upstream multiwavelength shared ethernet passive optical network architecture, based on a proposed self-seeding Fabry-Perot laser diode (FP-LD) at the optical network unit. The performances of the wavelength and power stability, side-mode suppression ratio, and tuning range for the proposed tunable self-seeding laser module are experimentally investigated. The bit-error-rate measurement is performed with direct modulation on FP-LD of 1.25 Gbps upstream data. The performance benefits from the upstream wavelengths sharing are showed via simulations.

Saturated signal-to-noise ratio of up-stream WRC-FPLD transmitter injection-locked by down-stream data-erased ASE carrier

By controlling the extinction ratio (ER) and overshooting level of the down-stream amplified spontaneous emission (ASE) with a gain-saturation semiconductor optical amplifier (SOA), the down-stream data-erased ASE carrier is re-encoded in an injection-locked weak-resonant-cavity Fabry-Perot laser diode (WRC-FPLD) up-stream transmitter to implement all-ASE based bi-directional WDM-PON system. The effect of ER on the up-stream transmission performance of the down-stream data-erased ASE injection-locked WRC-FPLD is elucidated via the gain-saturation model. It is observed that the communication criterion with a bit-error-rate of <10⁻⁹ at 2.488 Gbit/s can be met only when ER is reduced to <3 dB and overshooting level <-5 dB. The up-stream WRC-FPLD re-encoded ASE data-stream could improve its signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) to 6.4 dB by minimizing the ER and overshooting level of the down-stream data-erased ASE to 2.4 dB and -7.8 dB, respectively, with the gain-saturated SOA. The SNR can also be improved with higher power injecting into the up-stream transmitter until saturation occurs and the optimal window of the ASE injection power is between -7 and -3 dBm.

Wavelength switching of picosecond pulses generated from a self-seeded Fabry–Perot laser diode with a tilted fiber Bragg grating formed in a graded-index multimode fiber

We demonstrated the generation of wavelength-switchable picosecond pulses from a self-seeded Fabry-Perot laser diode that used a tilted fiber Bragg grating (FBG) formed in a graded-index multimode fiber as an external optical feedback element, where wavelength switching was achieved by controlling the modal distribution in the FBG. We measured the reflection spectra of multimode FBGs fabricated with different tilt angles and discussed the effects of the tilt angle on wavelength selection. By using a 20 mm long 1.65° tilted FBG and a fiber deformer to control the modal distribution in the FBG, we generated 2 GHz pulses with a wavelength switchable over 14 wavelengths at a spacing of ∼0.8 nm.

Highly dynamic and versatile pulsed fiber amplifier seeded by a superluminescence diode

We propose and investigate a high power superluminescence diode (SLD) as a pulsed seed source for a highly dynamic and versatile pulse fiber amplifier system. The SLD provides, contrary to conventional Fabry–Perot laser diodes, a smooth and broad output spectrum which is independent of the input pulse parameters. The output pulses from the SLD are as short as 10 ns with up to 150 mW peak power. Moreover, the pulses can be directly shaped by modulating the injection current of the SLD. Pulse shaping in an amplifier configuration is demonstrated without the observation of stimulated Brillouin scattering (SBS) due to the provided spectral bandwidth of 10 nm FWHM. Further spectral shaping was realized with a band pass filter in the amplifier chain.

Using dual-mode self-locked semiconductor laser for optical millimeter-wave application

In this study, an optical millimeter-wave (mm-wave) generator is proposed and experimentally demonstrated by using a self-injected Fabry-Perot laser diode (FP-LD), having mode spacing of 1.11 nm, for dual-mode beating in 140 GHz band (terahertz band). The created dual-wavelength also can be also modulated at 1.25, 2.5, and 10 Gb/s with on-off keying (OOK) modulation format by external optical modulator, respectively, in 20 km fiber transmission. Moreover, the dual-mode laser can be selected in difference wave-lengths by tuning the optical filter inside cavity for the future WDM applications.

All-optical clock recovery based on simultaneous external injection-locking and self-seeding of a Fabry-Perot laser diode

We proposed and demonstrated a novel, simple, and low cost method for all-optical clock recovery based on the switching between two injection-locked longitudinal modes in a dc-biased multi-quantum-well Fabry-Perot laser diode (FP-LD). The dc biased FP-LD is simultaneously injection-locked by a return-to-zero data signal at one of the longitudinal modes of the FP-LD and self-seeded at another longitudinal mode by using a uniform fiber Bragg grating as a feedback component. The powers and detunes of the data signal and self-seeding signal are chosen such that self-seeding is realized in the FP-LD only when data signal power is low. Clock signals of data streams at different data rates can be obtained by tuning the optical delay line in the external self-seeding loop. We have demonstrated all-optical clock recovery at 10 GHz. The pulse width, time-bandwidth product, side mode suppression ration, root mean square timing jitter, and average power of the recovered clock signals are 50 ps, 0.5, 50 dB, 248 fs, and 3.6 dBm, respectively. Clock recovery is possible at wavelength within the gain band of the FP-LD. We also find and explore in the experiment the influence of detune between the external data signal and the nearest FP-LD longitudinal mode to the recovered clock.

Chirp-Compensated Multichannel Hybrid DWDM/TDM Pulsed Carrier From Optically Injection-Mode-Locked Weak-Resonant-Cavity Laser Diode Fiber Ring

The multichannel chirp compensation of a hybrid pulsed carrier with dense wavelength division multiplexing/ time-division multiplexing (DWDM/TDM), generated from a mode-locked weak-resonant-cavity Fabry-Perot laser diode (WRC-FPLD) fiber ring under 10-GHz dark-optical-comb injection, is demonstrated with a DWDM channel spacing of 200 GHz. This was implemented by selecting the least-common-multiple repetition frequency in the WRC-FPLD and fiber ring dual cavity. With a chirp parameter of for the WRC-FPLD-based fiber ring, the absolute value of the negative frequency chirp could be linearly suppressed from to with the pulse duration varying from 27 to 20 ps. By using a tunable band-pass filter, nine DWDM channels located between 1533.4 and 1546.2 nm were selected for dispersion compensation within a 55-m long diode fiber ring segment. The original pulsewidth varied from 21.7 to 17 ps for different channels. After chirp compensation, an auto-correlation diagnosis showed that the all-channel pulsewidths of mode-locked WRC-FPLD fiber ring laser changed only from 7.8 to 9.1 ps. The single-channelized WRC-FPLD pulsewidth after linear dispersion compensation and fifth-order soliton compression could be to shortened to 7.8 and 1.4 ps, respectively.

Demonstration of All-Optical nand Gate Using Single-Mode Fabry–Pérot Laser Diode

A novel, simple, and universal all-optical NAND gate using single-mode Fabry-Perot laser diode (SMFP-LD) is demonstrated. The basic operating principle of the proposed NAND gate is the modulation of the dominant lasing mode of SMFP-LD by the injection of external beams. The dominant lasing mode gain is suppressed only when both input beams are high. As SMFP-LD is used to demonstrate the logic function, no additional beam is required as needed in the multimode Fabry-Perot laser diode (MMFP-LD) schemes. The operating principle is explained and the experimental results are presented at 10 Gb/s input data. The logic function is realized with a clear eye opening and an extinction ratio of 14.6 dB with a rising and falling time of 38.3 and 67.1 ps, respectively.

A Simple Controlled All-Optical on/off Switch Using Gain Modulation in Single Mode FP-LD

A novel and simple controlled all-optical on/off switch using the gain modulation in a single-mode Fabry-Perot laser diode (SMFP-LD) is demonstrated. The working principle of the proposed on/off switch is explained and the experimental results with 10 Gb/s data signal are presented. The 10 Gb/s data signal is switched on and off with a 350 MHz control signal. The extinction ratio of 15.6 dB is observed at the output port with a 2 dB power difference between the control signal and input signal. We measured the rising and falling time of the switch output as 48 and 59 ps, respectively.

In Situ and Self-Restorable Injection-Locking Monitor by Integrated Photodiode for FPLD WDM Transmitter

A novel in situ self-restoration scheme to track real time the injection locking of a Fabry-Perot laser diode (FPLD) is demonstrated by a built-in integrated monitor photodiode (MPD). The variation in the received photocurrent of the integrated MPD was calculated by a microcontroller unit integrated with an analog-to-digital converter, which is employed to dynamically control the temperature of the FPLD via a thermal-electrical controller for wavelength stabilization. Such a scheme can be effectively implemented with a minimum amount of redundant network resources to achieve self-restoration within 50 s with Q factor >;8.2 and side-mode suppression ratio >;35 dB at 2.5 Gbit/s. The feasibility of the proposed self-restorable locker is suitable for most wavelength-locking FPLDs within high-speed wavelength-division multiplexing networks.

基于自注入式法布里—珀罗激光二极管与倾斜多模光纤光栅的多波长可调谐短脉冲激光器

We experimentally demonstrate the simultaneous generation of tunable multi-wavelength picosecond laser pulses using a self-seeding configuration that consists of a gain-switched Fabry-Perot laser diode (FPLD) with an external cavity formed by a tilted multimode fiber Bragg grating. Dual- and triple-wavelength pulses are obtained and tuned in a flexible manner by changing the temperature of the FPLD. The side mode suppression ratio larger than 25 dB is achieved at different dual- and triple-wavelengths and the typical pulsewidth of the output pulses is ~70 ps. In the experiment, the wavelength separation can be narrowed to 0.57 nm.

High-Capacity DWDM-PON Using Triple-Contact F-P LDs

We demonstrate a dense wavelength-division-multiplexing passive optical network (DWDM-PON) at 50-GHz channel spacing based on wavelength locked triple-contact Fabry-Perot laser diodes (TC F-P LDs). A transmission distance of 30 km was achieved at 1.25 Gb/s per channel. By controlling injected currents into three electrodes, we can match a lasing mode of the TC F-P LD to an injection wavelength. We also employ a prefilter before amplified spontaneous emission (ASE) injection to enhance the system performance by reducing a filtering effect. The transmission distance was limited by the back scattering. By changing a location of the seed source for upstream signal to the remote node, the transmission distance can be extended up to 60 km.

基于自注入式法布里—珀罗激光二极管与倾斜多模光纤光栅的多波长可调谐短脉冲激光器

基于自注入式法布里—珀罗激光二极管与倾斜多模光纤光栅的多波长可调谐短脉冲激光器

Generation of tunable multi-wavelength optical short pulses using self-seeded Fabry-Perot laser diode and tilted multimode fiber Bragg grating

Generation of tunable multi-wavelength optical short pulses using self-seeded Fabry-Perot laser diode and tilted multimode fiber Bragg grating

All-optical clock frequency divider using Fabry–Perot laser diode based on the dynamical period-one oscillation

We propose and experimentally demonstrate a frequency divider implemented by an optically injected Fabry–Perot laser diode (FP-LD) based on the nonlinear dynamical period-one oscillation. Injected by optical pulses, the FP-LD will oscillate in unstable dynamical period-one (P1) oscillation. Through changing the injected strength, emitting wavelength and bias current of the FP-LD, the oscillating frequencies of the P1 state can be varied. Once one of the harmonic frequencies is adjusted to match the repetition frequency of injected optical clock pulse, the P1 oscillation will be locked, and then a divided clock at the fundamental frequency of the P1 oscillation can be generated. By utilizing this divider, we can achieve the optical clock frequency division of divide-by-two, -three and -four in a wide input frequency range, for instance, of 9.0 to 20.0GHz for divide-by-two. The influence of injected optical power on the timing jitter of the divided clock is also investigated. It is expected that this frequency divider can be applied to high frequency division exceeding 100GHz due to its fast P1 oscillation.

A UWB Over Fiber System Compatible With WDM-PON Architecture

We present a novel ultra-wideband (UWB) over fiber system that is compatible with wavelength-division-multiplexing passive optical network architecture based on a Fabry-Perot laser diode (FP-LD). Through external injection, the FP-LD operates as an active optical filter. By locating the optical carrier of a phase-modulated injection optical signal at one slope of the filter response, phase-modulation to intensity-modulation conversion is achieved, leading to the generation of a UWB signal having a power spectrum meeting the FCC-specified spectral mask. The proposed system is experimentally evaluated, with eye diagrams and bit-error rates measured. An error-free operation is achieved after 20-km single-mode fiber transmission for both cases where the FP-LD is placed in the center office and the remote site. The power penalty for the transmission is less than 3.2 dB.

Tunable C- and L-band erbium-doped fiber ring lasers for performance testing of a wavelength-division multiplexing access network with injection-locked Fabry-Pérot laser diodes

A widely wavelength-tunable erbium-doped-fiber laser (T-EDFL) located at a central office is proposed for the bidirectional high-speed performance testing of wavelength-division-multiplexing access networks in which injection-locked Fabry-Perot laser diodes located at optical network units are used for upstream transmissions. The T-EDFL not only generates laser light for downstream transmission testing, but also serves as the injection source for upstream transmission testing. It has a wide tunable range of 64 nm (1540 to 1604 nm), a high output power of 2.2 dBm, and a good signal-to-noise ratio above 46 dB. For 10-Gb/s downstream and 1.25-Gb/s upstream transmissions over a 10-km single-mode fiber (SMF), power penalties at a bit error rate of 10−9 are less than 0.94 dB and 0.76 dB (1.26 dB and 1.68 dB) for downstream and upstream transmissions at C-band (at L-band) wavelengths, respectively. In the transmissions over a 25-km SMF, the penalties are 2.24 dB and 2.36 dB (3.66 dB and 4.18 dB) at C-band (at L-band) for downstream and upstream transmissions, respectively.