Fabry-Perot Laser Diode Research Articles

Pulsed-incoherent-light-injected Fabry-Perot laser diode for WDM passive optical networks

We propose and demonstrate a pulsed-incoherent-light-injected Fabry-Perot laser diode (FP-LD) which generates incoherent return-to-zero (RZ) signals for wavelength-division-multiplexing passive optical networks. For the generation of the RZ signals, we first convert the continuous-wave (CW) amplified spontaneous emission (ASE) into an ASE pulse train with a pulse carver, spectrum-slice it into multiple channels with a waveguide grating router, and then inject them into FP-LDs for data modulation. Thanks to a wide slicing bandwidth of the injected incoherent light, the spectral linewidth of the generated RZ signals is determined by the slicing bandwidth, without being affected by the use of the RZ format. Thus, compared to incoherent non-return-to-zero (NRZ) signals generated with CW-ASE-injected FP-LDs, the RZ signals have a similar spectral linewidth but a wide timing margin between adjacent bits. Thus, the proposed transmitter can offer better dispersion tolerance than the NRZ signals. For example, our experimental demonstration performed at 1.25 Gb/s shows approximately 50% higher dispersion tolerance than the NRZ signals generated with CW ASE-injected FP-LDs. Despite the large slicing bandwidth of 0.67 nm for the injected ASE, we were able to transmit 1.25-Gb/s signals over 45-km standard single-mode fiber without dispersion compensation. The receiver sensitivity is also improved by 1.5 dB by using the RZ format.

Cost-effective tunable fiber laser based on self-seeded Fabry-Perot laser diode using a Sagnac loop reflector

We propose and demonstrate a simple configuration of wavelength-tunable fiber laser made up of a tunable band-pass filter, a Sagnac loop reflector, and a Fabry-Perot laser diode. Based on the self-seeded operation, the proposed fiber laser can obtain a single-longitudinal-mode output in the wavelength tuning range of 1544.69-1563.39 nm with tuning step of 1.34 nm. The performances of output power (>-9 dBm), optical side-mode suppression ratio (> 65.5 dB), and power and wavelength stabilities are well exhibited.

利用注入锁定Fabry-Perot半导体激光器增益调制实现混沌光通信波长转换

We propose a wavelength conversion scheme for chaotic optical communications (COC) based on a Fabry-Perot (FP) laser diode. The FP laser, as a wavelength converter, is injection-locked at one of longitudinal modes by an external continuous-wave (CW) light. The simulation results demonstrated that the chaos masked signal at wavelength λ1, which corresponds to the other longitudinal mode of FP laser, can be converted to the injection-locked mode (wavelength λ 2) based on cross-gain modulation in a closed-loop COC link. A 1.2-GHz chaos masked sinusoidal signal is successfully decoded with signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) beyond 8 dB in 15-nm wavelength conversion range, and the effects of SNR on the signal frequency and conversion span are also investigated.

Transmitters of Array-type LDs using Side-mode Injection Locking for High-speed LAN

This paper describes a study of transmitters of array-type Fabry-Perot laser diodes (FP-LDs) using side-mode injection locking. The transmitters are assumed to use in the previously proposed high-speed local area network (LAN), Para-Wave NET. Parallel optical transmission with a fiber ribbon and wavelength routing is used in the network. Array-type LDs must be simultaneously injection locked and then switched to another wavelength. The simultaneous injection locking and the wavelength switching have been investigated both experimentally and theoretically. We estimate acceptable cavity length deviation of LDs in an array by considering locking ranges. It is desirable to emit no power from an LD during switching or in the case of no-sending packets. However, it emits unnecessary power in the case of free run- ning states. Two possible methods to suppress free running states are investigated.

Bidirectional Transmission with a Single Fiber using FWM for WDM-PON

This paper investigates bidirectional transmission using four wave mixing (FWM) for wavelength division multiplex passive optical network (WDM-PON) applications. A semiconductor optical amplifier (SOA) is considered to generate FWM. A use of FWM makes it possible to convert a downstream data wavelength to a different wavelength, which is used for upstream transmission. The wavelength generated by FWM can realize bidirectional transmission with a single fiber. We assume intensity modulation (IM) for both up- and down-transmission. Both an injection locked Fabry-Perot laser diode (FP-LD) transmitter and a transmitter with an external modulator are considered for upstream transmission. In both cases, an extinction ratio (Ex) of downstream signal light is very important for both sending and receiving properties and the Ex influences the bit error rate (BER) property. This paper clarifies the relationship between the Ex of FWM and the power penalty ΔP. This paper also clarify the Ex value of FWM as a function of input signal Ex using a model SOA theoretically. Fundamental transmission experiments, 10 Gbit/s downstream and 2.5 Gbit/ s upstream, using both types of transmitters confirmed the possibilities of the bidirectional transmission using FWM.

Wavelength conversion of chaotic message through gain modulation by injection-locked Fabry-Perot laser diode

Wavelength conversion of chaotic message through gain modulation by injection-locked Fabry-Perot laser diode

32 GHz microwave photonic pulse train generation using 1.6 GHz electronics and optical repetition rate multiplication

A 32 GHz microwave photonic pulse train is generated from a semiconductor fibre ring laser (SFRL) by injecting 1.6 GHz gain-switched Fabry-Perot laser diode (GS-FPLD) output. To achieve a stable modelocking of SFRL at 32 GHz by efficient cross-gain modulation of a semiconductor optical amplifier, individual lasing modes of the injecting 1.6 GHz GS-FPLD output are separated by 31.3 picoseconds by passing a dispersive fibre.

Wavelength-Tunable Laser for Signal Remodulation in WDM Access Networks Using DPSK Downlink and OOK Uplink

In this investigation, a simple wavelength-tunable laser based on a Fabry-Perot laser diode (FP-LD) and an erbium-doped fiber amplifier to serve as a downlink signal in a colorless wavelength-division-multiplexed passive optical network (PON) is proposed and experimentally demonstrated. The tuning range of the proposed laser is between 1529.48 and 1560.72 nm, and the output performance of proposed laser is discussed. Colorless operation is implemented by using an FP-LD and a reflective semiconductor optical amplifier in each optical network unit for uplink signal remodulation, respectively. In addition, error-free data signal remodulation using 10-Gb/s downlink differential phase-shift keying and 2.5-Gb/s uplink on-off keying is achieved in a 25-km reach PON.

Utilization of self-injection Fabry–Perot laser diode for long-reach WDM-PON

In this investigation we propose and demonstrate a wavelength widely tunable laser source employing a self-injected Fabry–Perot laser diode (FP-LD) for long-reach wavelength-division-multiplexed passive optical network (WDM-PON). By using a tunable bandpass filter and an optical circulator inside the gain cavity, a stable and single-longitudinal-mode (SLM) laser output is achieved. Besides, the proposed laser sources are directly modulated at 2.5 Gb/s for both downlink and uplink transmissions of 85 km single mode fiber (SMF) in PON without dispersion compensation.

200-GHz and 50-GHz AWG channelized linewidth dependent transmission of weak-resonant-cavity FPLD injection-locked by spectrally sliced ASE

In a weak-resonant-cavity Fabry-Perot laser diode (WRC-FPLD) based DWDM-PON system with an array-waveguide-grating (AWG) channelized amplified spontaneous emission (ASE) source located at remote node, we study the effect of AWG filter bandwidth on the transmission performances of the 1.25-Gbit/s directly modulated WRC-FPLD transmitter under the AWG channelized ASE injection-locking. With AWG filters of two different channel spacings at 50 and 200 GHz, several characteristic parameters such as interfered reflection, relatively intensity noise, crosstalk reduction, side-mode-suppressing ratio and power penalty of BER effect of the WRC-FPLD transmitted data are compared. The 200-GHz AWG filtered ASE injection minimizes the noises of WRC-FPLD based ONU transmitter, improving the power penalty of upstream data by -1.6 dB at BER of 10(-12). In contrast, the 50-GHz AWG channelized ASE injection fails to promote better BER but increases the power penalty by + 1.5 dB under back-to-back transmission. A theoretical modeling elucidates that the BER degradation up to 4 orders of magnitude between two injection cases is mainly attributed to the reduction on ASE injection linewidth, since which concurrently degrades the signal-to-noise and extinction ratios of the transmitted data stream.

Suppressing Chirp and Power Penalty of Channelized ASE Injection-Locked Mode-Number Tunable Weak-Resonant-Cavity FPLD Transmitter

Amplified spontaneous emission (ASE) power and injection-locked mode number dependent frequency chirp and bit error rate (BER) responses of a weak-resonant-cavity Fabry-Perot laser diode (WRC-FPLD) transmitter are characterized. Chirp analysis of upstream data from the 1.25 Gb/s directly modulated WRC-FPLD with two and three injection-locked modes after the 200-GHz AWG filtered ASE injection-locking is determined, which reveal similar peak-to-peak chirps (Delta <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">v</sub> P) of -0.8 and -1 GHz with corresponding negative chirp parameters (d <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">middotmiddot</sup> Phi/dt <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> ) of -1.6 and -2 MHz/ps for two- and three-mode lasing WRC-FPLD, respectively. Such a negative chirp further enlarges to -6.4 and - 9 GHz after 25-km single-mode fiber (SMF-28) transmission. The BER of below 10 <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">-9</sup> at receiving power below -30 dBm is obtained with mode number dependent power penalty of <0.25 dB before and after 25-km SMF -28 transmission. A chirp model involved the ASE injection induced power saturation effect is derived to explain the negatively frequency chirped WRC-FPLD, which reveals a reverse trend with increasing ASE injection power due to the power-saturation induced on/off extinction ratio reduction (from 10.5 to 8.2 dB) and rising-time broadening (from 120 to 180 ps) on WRC-FPLD transmitted data shape, which effectively reduces the peak-to-peak chirp by at least 2 GHz after 25-km SMF transmission.

All‐optical clock division with simultaneous wavelength conversion using an optically injected Fabry‐Perot laser diode

AbstractThe authors propose and experimentally demonstrate a novel technique that uses a single Fabry‐Perot laser diode (FP‐LD) to perform simultaneous all‐optical clock division and wavelength conversion. By utilizing the nonlinear dynamical period‐one oscillation and the cross‐gain modulation effect of the light injection semiconductor laser, we achieve the all optical clock frequency division of 12.36 GHz to 6.18 GHz with simultaneous wavelength conversion from 1550.24 nm to 1545.91 nm. The phase noise of the extracted optical clock is less than −105 dBc/Hz. It was empirically found that the best clock division and wavelength conversion occurred when the injected signal power was approximately 2–2.5 times as the injected probe light power, and the range of optimum wavelength detuning was about from −0.01 nm to 0.06 nm. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 51: 2428–2431, 2009; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/mop.24626

Comparison on Injection-Locked Fabry–Perot Laser Diode With Front-Facet Reflectivity of 1% and 30% for Optical Data Transmission in WDM-PON System

Externally amplified spontaneous emission (ASE) injection-locking characteristics and optical data transmission performances of a TO-56 can-packaged Fabry-Perot laser diode (FPLD) with 1% front-facet reflectivity are investigated using a wavelength-division-multiplexing passive-optical network (WDM-PON) system configured by an array-waveguide grating (AWG) based MUX/DMUX filters with channel spacing of 200 GHz. Quasi-single-mode output of such a nearly color-free weak-resonant-cavity FPLD with highest side-mode suppressing ratio of 31 dB is achieved with ASE injection-locking, providing a bit-error-rate (BER) of < 10 <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">-13</sup> at receiving power of -31 dBm and a power penalty of 0.5 dB after 20-km transmission in single-mode fiber with a bit rate up to 1.25 Gbit/s.

Bidirectional 1.25-Gbps Wired/Wireless Optical Transmission Based on Single Sideband Carriers in Fabry–PÉrot Laser Diode by Multimode Injection Locking

A new bidirectional wavelength-division-multiplexed radio-over-fiber system to simultaneously transmit both wired and wireless gigabit data is proposed. A Fabry-Perot laser diode is used as a multiwavelength optical source. Multimode injection locking technique is implemented to create single sideband carriers for several base stations. Reflective semiconductor optical amplifiers are used as modulators for both uplink and downlink. The experimental demonstration showed that bidirectional 1.25-Gbps wired and 15-GHz wireless data transmission with bit error rate (BER) < 10-9 for three channels after 23 km was accomplished. Moreover, mitigation of RF signal distortion due to chromatic-dispersion effect was observed.

Simultaneous Wired and Wireless 1.25-Gb/s Bidirectional WDM-RoF Transmission Using Multiple Optical Carrier Suppression in FP LD

In this paper, a new bidirectional wavelength division multiplexing radio-over-fiber (WDM-RoF) scheme is proposed with multiple optical carrier suppression for simultaneous wired and wireless 1.25-Gb/s signal transmission. For downstream signals, all modes of a Fabry-Perot laser diode are simultaneously suppressed by a Mach-Zehnder modulator at V pi bias point to mitigate a chromatic dispersion. A reflective SOA is used both for reduction of mode partition noise induced from the Fabry-Perot laser diode and for the downstream modulation of each channel. The effect of mode partition noise (MPN) reduction is verified by measuring radio frequency (RF) spectra and phase noises. For an upstream signal, another reflective semiconductor optical amplifier (RSOA) in base station (BS) is used by remodulation technique, which is verified by measuring both the RF spectra and a dynamic rage of an optical input power to the RSOA. A bit error rate (BER) of 10-11 for three downlink channels and one uplink channel at 1.25 Gb/s are experimentally demonstrated after 23-km SMF transmission.

Injection locked Fabry–Perot laser diodes for WDM passive optical network spare function

In this paper, a protection scheme for transmitters in wavelength-division-multiplexing passive optical network (WDM-PON) has been proposed and demonstrated. If any downstream transmitter encounters problems at the central office (CO), the interrupted communication can be restored immediately by injecting a Fabry–Perot laser diode (FP-LD) with the upstream lightwave corresponding to the failure transmitter. Compared with the conventional methods, this proposed architecture provides a cost-effective and reliable protection scheme employing a common FP-LD. In the experiment, a 1:36 protection capability was implemented with a 2.5 Gbit/s downstream transmission capability.

Injection-Locked Fabry–PÉrot Laser Diode Transmitters With Semiconductor Optical Amplifier for WDM-PON

This paper describes the investigation of side-mode injection-locked Fabry-Perot laser diode (FP-LD) transmitters for wavelength division multiplex passive optical network (WDM-PON) applications. We teat the case that transmitters are injection locked by intensity-modulated downstream signal light. In this case, an extinction ratio (Ex) of downstream signal light is very important for both sending and receiving properties, and the Ex influences the bit error rate (BER) property. It is desirable to use downstream light with a high Ex for minimizing the receiver power penalty DeltaP of downstream data. However, the downstream light with a high Ex degrades the locking property, and it results in the BER degradation of upstream data. This paper clarifies that there is a tradeoff of power penalties DeltaP for up- and downstream data, theoretically. We propose a method to reduce the penalty DeltaP induced by a high Ex. Fundamental transmission experiments using a semiconductor optical amplifier (SOA) confirmed the effectiveness of the proposed method. We also discuss the proposed method.

Self-mixing technique for vibration measurements in a laser diode with multiple modes created by optical feedback

We present experimental and theoretical results obtained from the study of the effects of optical feedback in low-cost Fabry-Perot laser diodes due to the presence of an external cavity created by an external reflective or diffusive vibrating target. Experimental results show that a change in the length of the external cavity produces the well-known amplitude modulation of the optical output power and, depending on the amount of optical feedback, a subperiodicity appears in the amplitude modulation of the output power. The experiments show that the subperiodicity appears independently of the length of the external cavity and is due to mode hopping between different longitudinal laser modes. Numerical analysis focused on the effects observed support that the mode hop occurs between modes whose round-trip phase delay along the external cavity is out of phase, thus producing a subperiodicity of the total amplitude modulation.

Effects of In-Band Crosstalk in Wavelength-Locked Fabry–PÉrot Laser-Diode-Based WDM PONs

We investigated the impact of in-band crosstalk on the system's performance in wavelength-locked Fabry-Perot laser-diode (FP-LD)-based wavelength-division-multiplexed passive optical networks (WDM PONs). As expected, wavelength-locked FP-LD, which was injected by using an incoherent broadband light source, was more tolerant to in-band crosstalk than distributed-feedback (DFB) laser diode. A 1-dB power penalty in the wavelength-locked FP-LD-based PON system was observed when the crosstalk-to-signal ratio was ~-9 dB. We also compared the measured power penalties with the calculated power penalties. It has been shown that the in-band crosstalk-induced power penalty in wavelength-locked FP-LD-based WDM PON could be estimated properly by taking into account both effects of power addition and signal-crosstalk beat noise.

1.25-Gb/s Operation at 50-GHz Channel Spacing Based on Intensity Noise Suppression of Wavelength-Locked Fabry–PÉrot Laser Diode

We demonstrate 1.25-Gb/s operation at 50-GHz channel spacing and 10-km single-mode fiber, which is based on a wavelength-locked Fabry-Perot laser diode (F-P LD) and an intensity noise suppression by a gain saturation of F-P LD in front of the receiver. The wavelength-locked F-P LD employs the spectrum-sliced incoherent light with narrow bandwidth of 35 GHz. The intensity noise of wavelength-locked F-P LD is suppressed about 6 dB by the F-P LD in the front of the receiver. As a result, the bit-error-rate curves exhibit the error-free performances over the detuning conditions to cover a whole mode spacing period of F-P LD.