Fabrication Of Metal Oxide Nanoparticles Research Articles

Biomass extract-mediated preparation of magnesium-doped nickel oxide nanoparticles and their in vitro bioactivities assessment

Biomass extract-mediated fabrication of metal oxide nanoparticles received significant attention in material research because it is eco-friendly, cost-effective, and easy to scalability. Here, the fabrication of Boerhavia diffusa leaf extract (BDE)-mediated magnesium-doped nickel oxide nanoparticles (Mg-doped-NiO-BDE) and their in vitro bioactivities are reported. Several characterization procedures are used to characterize the prepared NiO nanoparticles. Field emission scanning electron microscopy and transmission electron microscopy images exhibit that the Mg-doped-NiO-BDE are distorted spherical. The X-ray diffraction showed that the average crystallite sizes of the nanoparticles are around 51–55 nm. X-ray diffraction, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy analysis results confirm that the NiO is produced, and Mg-doping has occurred in the adopted reaction condition. The doped NiO NPs exhibit broad-spectrum antibacterial activity against Escherichia coli (E. coli) and Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus), as well as antifungal action against Aspergillus niger (A. nigar). The antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and anti-diabetic efficiencies of doped-NiO NPs (concentration = 400 μg/mL) are around 65 %, 89 %, and 87 %, respectively. The Mg-doped-NiO-BDE nanoparticles show around 75 % viability against the human lung cancer cell line (A459) with a concentration of up to 100 μg/mL, while the IC50 value is 185.6 μg/mL. The scratch test is executed with the mouse fibroblast cells (L929) in which doped-NiO NPs exhibit around 36 % wound-closing ability. The above results signify that the fabricated Mg-doped-NiO-BDE is a potent bioactive material that could be used for biomedical applications.

Plant-mediated green route to the synthesis of zinc oxide nanoparticles: in vitro antibacterial potential

AbstractThe plant-mediated, sustainable, facile, eco-friendly, and simple green approaches for the fabrication of metal oxide nanoparticles (NPs) have recently attracted the ever-increasing attention of the scientific community. To date, there has not been any research on green synthesis of ZnO-NPs by Piper guineense (Uziza) seeds widely used as a therapeutic agent is the novelty of the current study. The bioaugmented ZnO-NPs have been manufactured by Uziza seed extract using zinc acetate dihydrate as the precursor and sodium hydroxide with calcination. The hexagonal/spherical crystalline structure at high purely with a mean size of 7.39 nm was confirmed via XRD and SEM analyses of ZnO-NPs. A strong absorption peak at about 350 nm, specific for ZnO-NPs, was observed by a UV-visible spectrometer. The optical bandgap of ZnO-NPs was estimated as about 3.58 eV by the Kubelka-Munk formula. FTIR findings indicated the presence of biofunctional groups responsible for the bioreduction of bulk zinc acetate to ZnO-NPs. The growth rates of E. coli (ATCC 25,922) significantly decreased with ZnO-NPs exhibited compared to the controls. This is making ZnO-NPs promising effective candidates for medical sectors and environmental applications. This current study is hoped to supply a better understanding of the phytosynthesis of ZnO-NPs and promote the advance of green approaches based on plants.

ZnO nanoparticles: A sustainable fabrication enhanced by eggshell waste and its germicidal, anti‐proliferative, and photodecomposition properties

AbstractRecently, there has been a lot of interest in the fabrication of metal oxide nanoparticles (NPs) due to the growing importance of developing recyclable assets, affordable methods, sustainable substances, and safe compounds. The current study demonstrates the environmentally friendly fabrication of ZnO NPs through the use of an aqueous extract derived from discarded eggshells. The analysis of ZnO NPs involved the use of UV, x‐ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier‐transform infrared spectroscopy (FT‐IR), and field‐emission scanning electron microscopy (FE‐SEM) with EDX techniques. The anti‐germs effects of fabricated NPs on pathogens were investigated using the agar diffusion technique. The cell‐damaging effects were assessed using the MTT assay, whereas the photodecomposition capacity was examined with Congo red and methylene blue dye. X‐ray diffraction analysis revealed the existence of tetragonal crystal morphology. The generated ZnO NPs have a crystallite size of 17.6 nm. According to FE‐SEM examination, the created sample's average grain size has been determined to be between 20 and 30 nm. The sustainable production of ZnO NPs showed remarkable anti‐germs properties against human pathogenic organisms and had good efficacy in damaging Osteosarcoma cell lines (MG‐63) during the experiment. Additionally, it emerged that the manifestation of remarkable catalytic efficiency fell by 78.1% after 60 min for methylene blue. Based on the findings, it has been determined that sustainable production of ZnO NPs shows great potential across multiple fields such as anti‐germs, anti‐proliferative, and photodecomposition properties.

Azadirachta indica-based Green Fabrication of Metal Oxide Nanoparticles: A State-of-the-Art Review

<i>Azadirachta indica</i>-based Green Fabrication of Metal Oxide Nanoparticles: A State-of-the-Art Review

Agro-waste Mediated Biosynthesis of Zinc Oxide Nanoparticles and their Antibacterial Properties: Waste to Treat

Background: Biogenic fabrication of metal oxide nanoparticles has been gaining interest over conventional methods. Biological methods make use of plant materials and microbial agents as reducing as well as capping agents. The present work reports the biosynthesis of ZnO NPs from agricultural wastes produced in every household. Objective: A significant portion of municipal solid organic waste (MSOW) consists of agricultural waste. Utilization of this agricultural waste towards cleaning water of pathogens through the synthesis of nanoparticles has far-reaching implications, such as curbing soil pollution and water pollution. Method: Preliminary confirmation was done by the visual formation of a pale yellow/dirty white precipitate of ZnO NPs. These were further characterized by different spectroscopic techniques, such as FT-IR, SEM, EDAX, and HRTEM. Results: The HRTEM study revealed that NPs obtained had sizes between 30-52 nm. Fabricated ZnO NPs were analyzed for their antibacterial activity by disk diffusion method, and they exhibited striking antibacterial activity against E. coli and bacillus subtilis. Conclusion: Exploring the potential of waste and its conversion into a value-added product is a novel step. ZnO nanoparticles were successfully synthesized from agricultural wastes through an environmentally friendly synthetic route, and the synthesized ZnO NPs were found to be potent in inhibiting the growth of bacteria.

Large-scale production of superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles by flame spray pyrolysis: In vitro biological evaluation for biomedical applications

Despite the large number of synthesis methodologies described for superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles (SPIONs), the search for their large-scale production for their widespread use in biomedical applications remains a mayor challenge. Flame Spray Pyrolysis (FSP) could be the solution to solve this limitation, since it allows the fabrication of metal oxide nanoparticles with high production yield and low manufacture costs. However, to our knowledge, to date such fabrication method has not been upgraded for biomedical purposes. Herein, SPIONs have been fabricated by FSP and their surface has been treated to be subsequently coated with dimercaptosuccinic acid (DMSA) to enhance their colloidal stability in aqueous media. The final material presents high quality in terms of nanoparticle size, homogeneous size distribution, long-term colloidal stability and magnetic properties. A thorough in vitro validation has been performed with peripheral blood cells and mesenchymal stem cells (hBM-MSCs). Specifically, hemocompatibility studies show that these functionalized FSP-SPIONs-DMSA nanoparticles do not cause platelet aggregation or impair basal monocyte function. Moreover, in vitro biocompatibility assays show a dose-dependent cellular uptake while maintaining high cell viability values and cell cycle progression without causing cellular oxidative stress. Taken together, the results suggest that the FSP-SPIONs-DMSA optimized in this work could be a worthy alternative with the benefit of a large-scale production aimed at industrialization for biomedical applications.

Advances in Green Synthesis of Metal Oxide Nanoparticles by Marine Algae for Wastewater Treatment by Adsorption and Photocatalysis Techniques

The use of algae-based green synthesis of metal oxide nanoparticles (MONPs) for bioremediation is an environmentally friendly and cost-effective alternative to conventional approaches. Algal-mediated synthesis offers several benefits over other biogenic processes, such as plants, bacteria, and fungi, including ease of synthesis, scalability, and rapid synthesis. Algae are readily available in nature, nontoxic, and can produce various types of metal oxide nanoparticles. This approach could significantly accelerate the development of novel algae-nanomaterials with improved properties and performance, leading to more efficient and cost-effective bioremediation of pollutants from water solutions, seawater, and industrial effluent. This review focuses on the biogenic fabrication of metal oxide nanoparticles based on aquatic plants (microalgae and seaweeds) due to their many advantages and attractive applications in pollutant remediation from aqueous solutions. Additionally, photocatalysis is highlighted as a promising tool for the remediation of industrial effluents due to its efficacy, ease of use, quick oxidation, cost-effectiveness, and reduced synthesis of harmful byproducts.

Antioxidant, Protoscolicidal, Hemocompatibility, and Antibacterial Activity of Nickel Oxide Nanoparticles Synthesized by Ziziphus spina-christi

Over the past several years, the greener fabrication of metal oxide nanoparticles has attracted significant attention due to their simplicity, eco-friendliness, availability, and nontoxicity. This paper focused on the fabrication of nickel oxide nanoparticles (NiO-NPs) using the leaf extract of Ziziphus spina-christi L. and evaluating its potential biological activities. The characterization of synthesized NiO-NPs was confirmed using ultraviolet–visible spectroscopy, field emission-scanning electron microscope, energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy, and X-ray diffraction. Furthermore, protoscolicidal, antibacterial, and antioxidant activities and hemocompatibility of NiO-NPs were investigated. The findings revealed that the NiO-NPs were crystalline on nanoscale between 50- and 90-nm particle sizes. The NiO-NPs showed high scolicidal activity against Echinococcus granulosus. The viability of the treated protoscoleces exponentially decreased with an increase in the concentration of NiO-NPs. The NiO-NPs exhibited effective antibacterial activity against Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus. NiO-NPs also possess a H2O2 scavenging activity in a dose-dependent manner. This study revealed that the Z. spina-christi L. leaf extract is an effective reducing and capping agent for the production of NiO-NPs; it showed critical biological properties. Moreover, NiO-NPs have a potent antioxidant activity and low toxicity on the erythrocytes and appear hemocompatible.

Recent progress of phytogenic synthesis of ZnO, SnO2, and CeO2 nanomaterials.

A critical investigation on the fabrication of metal oxide nanoparticles (NPs) such as ZnO, SnO2, and CeO2 NPs synthesized from green and phytogenic method using plants and various plant parts have been compiled. In this review, different plant extraction methods, synthesis methods, characterization techniques, effects of plant extract on the physical, chemical, and optical properties of green synthesized ZnO, SnO2, and CeO2 NPs also have been compiled and discussed. Effect of several parameters on the size, morphology, and optical band gap energy of metal oxide have been explored. Moreover, the role of solvents has been found important and discussed. Extract composition i.e. phytochemicals also found to affect the morphology and size of the synthesized ZnO, SnO2, and CeO2 NPs. It was found that, there is no universal extraction method that is ideal and extraction techniques is unique to the plant type, plant parts, and solvent used.

General fabrication of metal oxide nanoparticles modified graphene for supercapacitors by laser ablation

Metal oxide nanoparticles (MONPs)-graphene composites are highly valued candidate electrode materials for electrochemical supercapacitor (SC). Here, we described the development of a versatile approach for fabricating SC electrodes by impregnating MONPs (M = Ti, Ni, Sn) synthesized by laser ablation in liquid on laser-induced graphene (LIG). A typical SnO2/LIG micro-supercapacitor (MSC) delivers an area-specific capacitance of 18.58 mF cm−2 at a scan rate of 10 mV s−1, which is 5.2 times greater than the unmodified LIG. Moreover, the MSC exhibits long-life cycling stability (retaining 82.15% of specific capacitance after 5000 cycles) and good mechanical flexibility (specific capacitance is reduced by 5% at bending angle of 150°). MONPs and LIG are prepared using the same laser processing system, and no chemical ligands or reducing agents used in the synthesis process, which is cost-effective and green. This simple and straightforward method provide a highly operable solution for the large-scale preparation of MSC.

Phytosynthetic Fabrication of Lanthanum Ion-Doped Nickel Oxide Nanoparticles Using Sesbania grandiflora Leaf Extract and Their Anti-Microbial Properties

Over the past few years, the photogenic fabrication of metal oxide nanoparticles has attracted considerable attention, owing to the simple, eco-friendly, and non-toxic procedure. Herein, we fabricated NiO nanoparticles and altered their optical properties by doping with a rare earth element (lanthanum) using Sesbania grandiflora broth for antibacterial applications. The doping of lanthanum with NiO was systematically studied. The optical properties of the prepared nanomaterials were investigated through UV-Vis diffuse reflectance spectra (UV-DRS) analysis, and their structures were studied using X-ray diffraction analysis. The morphological features of the prepared nanomaterials were examined by scanning electron microscopy and transmission electron microscopy, their elemental structure was analyzed by energy-dispersive X-ray spectral analysis, and their oxidation states were analyzed by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. Furthermore, the antibacterial action of NiO and La-doped NiO nanoparticles was studied by the zone of inhibition method for Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacterial strains such as Escherichia coli and Bacillus sublitis. It was evident from the obtained results that the optimized compound NiOLa-04 performed better than the other prepared compounds. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report on the phytosynthetic fabrication of rare-earth ion Lanthanum (La3+)-doped Nickel Oxide (NiO) nanoparticles and their anti-microbial studies.

Investigation of activation energy and antibacterial activity of CuO nano-rods prepared by Tilia Tomentosa (Ihlamur) leaves

In recent years, fabrication of metal oxide nanoparticles is intensively gained interest of various chemists as well as biochemist due to their wide range of applications in different fields. Therefore, we reported an easy and eco-friendly synthesis of CuO nano-rods by using Tilia Tomentosa (Ihlamur) leaves extract. Producing CuO nanoparticles exhibiting rod like shape is rare and difficult using plant leaves; but it is possible using tilia leaves. The green synthesised CuO nano-rods were calcined at 400˚C for 15 minutes and were characterized by UV-Visible spectroscopy, XRD, SEM and particle size analyser to study their bandgap, phases, shape and sizes respectively. SEM studies reveal the formation of rod shaped CuO nanoparticles with average length of 95nm and that of breadth is 32nm. Further the thermal properties of CuO nano-rods were studied by using TG and DTA analysis. Thermal studies were carried out at 6, 8 and 10˚/min heating rates to study the enthalpy and activation energy in detail. The activation energy of CuO nano-rods were calculated by Kissinger method and was found to be 12.23 kJ/mol. Antibacterial activity of CuO nano-rods are carried out using S. aureus, P. flourescens, E. faecalis, B. subtilis, S. enteridis and E. coli.

Antimicrobial Investigation of CuO and ZnO Nanoparticles Prepared by a Rapid Combustion Method

In recent years, fabrication of metal oxide nanoparticles is intensively gaining the interest of various chemists as well as biochemist due to their applications in different fields. Among all the transition metal oxides, CuO and ZnO are the important metal oxide nanoparticles exhibiting tremendous properties and a wide range of applications. Both CuO and ZnO nanoparticles were prepared by combustion method effectively with very less time. The combustion of copper (II) nitrate and urea at stoichiometric ratio results in CuO nanoparticles. Similarly, combustion of zinc (II) nitrate and urea at stoichiometric ratio results in ZnO nanoparticles. Both CuO and ZnO nanoparticles were characterized by X-ray diffraction to study the different phases present in them. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) is used to study the microstructure and the composition of prepared metal oxide nanoparticles was studied by using energy dispersive spectroscopy attached to SEM. The optical studies were carried out by using UV-Visible spectrophotometer. Particle size analyzer is used to determine the mean average particle size of prepared metal oxide nanoparticles. CuO and ZnO NPs were applied to gram-negative and gram-positive bacteria using Minimum Inhibition Concentration (MIC) assay and demonstrated an essential antibacterial effect.

A Review on Plant Extract Mediated Green Synthesis of Zirconia Nanoparticles and Their Miscellaneous Applications

Development of reliable and environmentally gracious routes for the fabrication of metal oxide nanoparticles is a crucial step in nano-biotechnology. Among the all zirconia nanoparticles (ZrO2 NPs) draws more attention due to its significant biocompatible, electrical, mechanical, and optical properties. Many natural biomolecules in plant extracts such as alkaloids, amino acids, enzymes, proteins, polysaccharides, polyphenols, steroid, and vitamins could be involved in bioreduction, formation, and stabilization of ZrO2 NPs. In the last decade, numerous efforts were made to develop ecofriendly methods of synthesis to avoid the hazardous byproducts. In this review, green synthesis of ZrO2 NPs, their characterization techniques, and miscellaneous applications were discussed.

Anticancer, antimicrobial and photocatalytic activities of green synthesized magnesium oxide nanoparticles (MgONPs) using aqueous extract of Sargassum wightii

A rapid and ecofriendly fabrication of metal oxide nanoparticles using biogenic sources is the current trend being used to replace the toxic chemical method. The present study was carried out to synthesize magnesium oxide nanoparticles (MgONPs) using the marine brown algae Sargassum wighitii as the reducing and capping agent. The as-prepared MgONPs were characterized by spectroscopic and microscopic analyses. UV–visible spectrum of the MgONPs showed a sharp absorption peak at 322 nm. X- ray diffraction analysis illustrated that the MgONPs were crystalline in nature with a face-centered cubic structure. Presence of magnesium and oxygen were further confirmed by EDX profile. FTIR analysis showed the presence of functional groups specific for sulfated polysaccharides, which might be responsible for the synthesis of MgONPs. Zeta potential and dynamic light scattering analysis illustrated that the MgONPs were highly stable at 19.8 mV with an average size of 68.06 nm. MgONPs showed potent antibacterial activity and antifungal activities against human pathogens. Photocatalytic activity of MgONPs was witnessed by the quick degradation of the organic dye methylene blue on exposure to both sunlight and UV irradiation. MgONPs showed significant cytotoxicity against the lung cancer cell lines A549 in a dose dependent manner with the IC50 value of 37.5 ± 0.34 μg/ml. Safety evaluation using peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) illustrated the MgONPs to be non-toxic in nature. Overall, the results concluded that the MgONPs generated using marine algae have exhibited scope for multifaceted biological applications.

Transition metal (Fe, Co and Ni) oxide nanoparticles grafted graphitic carbon nitrides as efficient optical limiters and recyclable photocatalysts

Abstract A single-step pyrolysis assisted route towards the large scale fabrication of metal oxide nanoparticles (Fe 2 O 3 , Co 3 O 4 and NiO) ingrained in graphitic carbon nitride (GCN) is demonstrated. Urea, an abundantly available precursor, plays a dual role during the synthesis: while it acts as a reducing agent, it also gets converted to GCN. The formation of GCN and the in-situ growth and embedment of oxide nanoparticles are discussed on the basis of the experimental results. The wide absorption of the samples in the visible light region makes them suitable for nonlinear transmission and photocatalytic activity studies. Visible light photocatalytic activities of the samples are studied by monitoring the degradation of Rhodamine B dye. Optical limiting properties of the prepared samples are studied through the open aperture z -scan technique using 5 ns laser pulses at a wavelength of 532 nm. The cost-efficient and time saving synthetic approach is complemented by the magnetic behaviour of the samples, which enables their use as recyclable photocatalyst and magnetically controllable optical limiters.

Fabrication of Metal Oxide Nanoparticles by Highly Exothermic Reactions

AbstractThe development of two methods using highly exothermic oxidation reactions to synthesize nanostructured oxide particles is described. The first method uses solution combustion to produce a high temperature front that moves through the sample and produces the nanoparticles. For example, Bi2O3 nanoparticles are produced using a solution of molten metal nitrates and glycine. The glycine (fuel) is completely combusted during the thermal decomposition of the (oxidizer) nitrates and generates a temperature front that propagates through the sample. The second method produces nanoparticles by a self‐propagating high‐temperature reaction from stoichiometric powder mixtures of metal oxides (or carbonates) and carbon. The exothermic oxidation of the carbon generates a propagating high‐temperature front at a velocity in the range of 0.1–2.5 mm/s that converts the reactants to products. In both cases, the synthesis was completed within a few seconds. In both methods, a higher maximum combustion temperature and larger oxide particle size were obtained following an increase in the fuel concentration. The main advantages of these synthesis methods technologies are simplicity, short reaction time, low reactant costs, and no external energy consumption. The methods can be used to synthesize nanoparticles for various applications including nanoenergetic materials, catalysts and electronic components.

Fabrication of Metal-oxide Nanoparticles by the Liquid Phase Deposition Method in the Heterogeneous System

For the development of the preparation method of size-controlled nanoparticles, we applied the liquid phase deposition (LPD) method to the reverse micelle (RM) reaction contained TritonX-100 and 1-hexanol. We prepared two kinds of metal oxide nanoparticle; TiO2 and SnO2. The average sizes of nanoparticles were 5.9 nm and 3.0 nm for TiO2 and SnO2, respectively. The size distribution was narrow, and crystallization of the particles was promoted by the nano-scale reaction field. The bandgap was calculated from UV-Vis spectra. The bandgap energy of SnO2 nanoparticles showed a larger value at 4.6 eV, whereas that of TiO2 nanoparticles showed a constant value at 3.2 eV. The quantum effect causes the variation of the bandgap, however, the effect depends on the kinds of the metal oxide.