Fabrication Of Efficient Perovskite Solar Cells Research Articles

Scalable All‐Vacuum‐Processed Perovskite Solar Cells Enabled by Low Energy‐Disorder Hole‐Transport Layer

AbstractAs perovskite solar cells (PSCs) require higher standards for commercial applications, all vacuum‐processed PSCs should become a key in future manufacturing processes of scalable PSCs compared to their currently dominating research types based on solution processes. In fact, vacuum deposition of high‐quality organic hole‐transport layers (HTLs) is crucial for successful fabrication of all vacuum‐processed scalable PSCs. Here, the study develops a triarylamine‐based single oligomer (TAA‐tetramer)−a miniaturized‐molecular form of the well‐known poly(triarylamine) (PTAA)−as a vacuum‐processable HTL in inverted PSCs. The well‐defined structure and monodisperse nature of the TAA‐tetramer render strong intermolecular π−π interactions and/or molecular ordering, resulting in simultaneously enhanced quasi‐Fermi level splitting and hole‐transport efficiency of the perovskite. The resulting all‐vacuum‐processed inverted PSCs exhibits a high power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 23.2%, which is record‐high performance reported among all‐vacuum‐processed PSCs, with exceptional device stabilities. Furthermore, the all‐vacuum‐deposition process allows the fabrication of efficient PSCs and modules with reliable scalability and minimized efficiency loss during scale‐up. Notably, the proposed HTL enabled high‐efficiency large‐area (25 cm2) single‐PSC with a PCE of 12.3%, representing one of the largest active areas and the highest performance ever reported for the large‐area device. A promising strategy for developing efficient, stable, and scalable PSCs for all‐vacuum processes is presented.

Polymer Additive Assisted Fabrication of Compact and Ultra-Smooth Perovskite Thin Films with Fast Lamp Annealing

Perovskite solar cells (PVSC) have drawn increasing attention due to their high photovoltaic performance and low-cost fabrication with solution processability. A variety of methods have been developed to make uniform and dense perovskite thin films, which play a critical role on device performance. Herein, we demonstrate a polymer additive assisted approach with Polyamidoamine (PAMAM) dendrimers to facilitate the growth of uniform, dense, and ultra-smooth perovskite thin films. Furthermore, a lamp annealing approach has been developed to rapidly anneal perovskite films using an incandescent lamp, resulting in comparable or even better device performance compared to the control hotplate annealing. The facile polymer additive assisted method and the rapid lamp annealing technique offer a clue for the large-scale fabrication of efficient PVSCs.