FA Cup Research Articles

K5리그 축구동호인의 참여동기가 자아존중감 및 운동지속의도에 미치는 영향

This study aims to inverstigate the effect of participation motivation on the self-esteem and exercise adherence intention of K5 league soccer club memvers. To accomplish this objective, this study surveyed 152 soccer club members of the K5 league in Gyeongnam/Busan in 2021. BR Collected data from the questionnaire was analyzed according to the aim of this study with the use of SPSS/PC Window V.23.0. The results are as follows: There was statistically significant difference in the level of participation motivation among the K5 league soccer club members and statistically significant relationship was found between self-esteem and participation motivation of memvers of the K5 league soccer club. Also, it was found that participation motivation had a statistically significant effect on the intention to adhere to exercise. BR Taken together, these results suggest that strengthening the intrinsic motivation for achievement is more important than the intrinsic motivation for knowledge acquisition in order to increase the self-esteem of soccer club members in the K5 league, the top amateur league. BR In particular, increasing the goal of moving to a higher league or advancing to the FA Cup among K5 League soccer club members is necessary in order to induce continuous participation. BR Players who moved to lower leagues or whose athletic performance decreased can have a negative impact on athletic performance and motivation to continue exercising. Therefore, setting individual and team goals as well as the role of the coach/manager are important in order to improve the self-esteem of soccer club members in the K5 league.BR

Velvet caps and tassles: East Lancashire, class and the FA cup

ABSTRACT This article fuses theoretical concepts taken from philosophic, economic, social and cultural discourses in the process of outlining developments in Association Football, in East Lancashire, in the last quarter of the nineteenth century. It continues the challenge to conventional histories that surround mass games and public schools, extending the revisionist critique with an imaginative use of new and original empirical evidence. It outlines the continuing presence of a working-class footballing culture, arguing that the structure of football was a product of industrialisation, urbanisation and population growth. Consequently, a far-reaching restructuring of the class system facilitated the rise of a newly formed lower middle class who used their social and cultural capital to form and administer football clubs’ in East Lancashire. These teams eventually broke the dominance of southern-based amateur clubs in the F.A. Cup. These new hierarchies and class system ultimately gave birth to professional football by the late 1870s.

The youdan and Cromwell cups: Sheffield football’s knockout trophies

ABSTRACT It is fitting that in the year celebrating 150 years of the Football Association Challenge Cup, a focus is given to Sheffield’s own knock-out competition held 4 years before the FA Cup was launched. While it is argued in certain quarters that Charles Alcock based the FA competition on his own experiences of the Cock House tournament during his time at Harrow School – although, interestingly, no cup was awarded for this during that period – it could also be argued that the success of the world’s first adult football club knock-out competition, the Youdan Cup, possibly influenced the direction of his thinking. Why the Sheffield tournament was established in the first place and why it was only staged for just 1 year in 1867 are the more obvious questions surrounding its conception which this article aims to address.

ComStreamClust: a Communicative Multi-Agent Approach to Text Clustering in Streaming Data

Topic detection is the task of determining and tracking hot topics in social media. Twitter is arguably the most popular platform for people to share their ideas with others about different issues. One such prevalent issue is the COVID-19 pandemic. Detecting and tracking topics on these kinds of issues would help governments and healthcare companies deal with this phenomenon. In this paper, we propose a novel, multi-agent, communicative clustering approach, so-called ComStreamClust for clustering sub-topics inside a broader topic, e.g., the COVID-19 and the FA CUP. The proposed approach is parallelizable, and can simultaneously handle several data-point. The LaBSE sentence embedding is used to measure the semantic similarity between two tweets. ComStreamClust has been evaluated by several metrics such as keyword precision, keyword recall, and topic recall. Based on topic recall on different number of keywords, ComStreamClust obtains superior results when compared to the existing methods.

A New Method for the Simultaneous Creation of Live HDR and SDR Video

<italic xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">Deploying separate high dynamic range (HDR) and standard dynamic range (SDR) production facilities to cover the same event simultaneously can be economically prohibitive. In this case study, we present a new method for creating both ultrahigh-definition (UHD) HDR and HD SDR streams from a single UHD HDR production workflow, developed through a series of real-world UHD HDR production trials in 2018 and 2019, concluding with the 2019 Football Association Challenge Cup (FA Cup), a major U.K. sporting event. We describe the findings from those trials and the lessons learned and include descriptions of what worked well and what worked less well. The workflow solution presented allows for the integration of both HDR camera sources and SDR camera sources (e.g., super slow-motion and specialist cameras), prerecorded or archive SDR content and SDR graphics into a single HDR production environment. It can exploit the backward-compatible nature of the hybrid log-gamma (HLG) HDR solution and recent advances in color volume management. We show how a production’s two outputs, HDR and SDR, can be made using current SDR shading/racking monitoring, with only a single HDR vision guarantee monitor</i> .

Event Detection in Twitter Stream Using Weighted Dynamic Heartbeat Graph Approach [Application Notes

Tweets about everyday events are published on Twitter. Detecting such events is a challenging task due to the diverse and noisy contents of Twitter. In this paper, we propose a novel approach named Weighted Dynamic Heartbeat Graph (WDHG) to detect events from the Twitter stream. Once an event is detected in a Twitter stream, WDHG suppresses it in later stages, in order to detect new emerging events. This unique characteristic makes the proposed approach sensitive to capture emerging events efficiently. Experiments are performed on three real-life benchmark datasets: FA Cup Final 2012, Super Tuesday 2012, and the US Elections 2012. Results show considerable improvement over existing event detection methods in most cases.

Hillsborough: The fight for accountability

This paper examines one of the most notorious episodes in the history of English football. The death of 96 Liverpool supporters at an FA Cup semi-final at Hillsborough stadium in Sheffield in 1989 has been the subject of a resilient opposition to the attempts by police, legal and footballing authorities and certain media to attribute the cause of these fatalities to those who died at this event. This paper examines the weaknesses in public accountability which gave impetus to a social movement mobilised to achieve justice for those who died and their families. This is a story of justice in the face of daunting odds over almost thirty years of struggle.

FA Cup, UK GDP, FTSE Growth and National House Prices

The current paper examines national sporting events related market anomaly. It assesses an interrelationship between the Football Association Challenge Cup, known as FA Cup, winning team and annual returns for UK GDP, FTSE All Share index over the 133-year competition period as well as house price inflation starting from 1931. To test the hypothesis, the study employs a combination of non-parametric and regression techniques. The former is Kruskal-Wallis (KW) test. The latter is dummy variable regression. As the results of the study suggest, there is no statistical relationship between FA Cup winners and the annual growth in macro-series. All in all, analysts should simply enjoy ‘o jogo bonito’ (the beautiful game) rather than use it’s outcomes to gauge annual market trends.

“Tanked up Yobs” and “Self-Pity City”. Deconstructing the Myths of the Hillsborough Disaster

On 15 April 1989, Liverpool FC played Nottingham Forest in an FA Cup semi-final at the Hillsborough Stadium in Sheffield in northern England. Catastrophic errors by the police and other organisations led to the deaths of 96 Liverpool supporters, crushed against the perimeter fences on the Leppings Lane terrace. Though the horrific facts of the disaster were quickly and widely known, they were lost beneath another narrative, promoted by the police, numerous politicians, and large sections of the media. This narrative blamed the disaster on “tanked up yobs”: drunk and aggressive Liverpool supporters, who turned up late and forced their way into the ground. Over the subsequent years and decades, as Hillsborough campaigners vainly sought justice for the disaster’s victims in a series of trials and inquests, the destructive allegation remained in the public realm. It was reinforced by establishment dismissal of Liverpool as a “self-pity city”, home to a community incapable of accepting official verdicts or of leaving the past in the past. This essay uncovers the history of the myths of the Hillsborough disaster. It first shows how these myths were established - how false narratives, with powerful backers, shifted responsibility for the disaster from the police to supporters, despite overwhelming evidence to the contrary. It then examines how these myths were embedded in public discourse - how Liverpool was demonised as an aggressively sentimental city where people refused to admit to “killing their own”. It finally analyses how these myths were overturned through research, media mobilisation, and grassroots activism, a process that culminated in the 2016 inquest verdict, which ruled that the 96 Hillsborough victims were unlawfully killed. In doing so, the essay shows how Hillsborough became a key event in modern British history, influencing everything from stadium design to government legislation.

Dynamic windowing mechanism to combine sentiment and N-gram analysis in detecting events from social media

Social sensing is a new paradigm that inherits the main ideas of sensor networks and considers the users as new sensor types. For instance, by the time the users find out that an event has happened, they start to share the related posts and express their feelings through the social networks. Consequently, these networks are becoming a powerful news media in a wide range of topics. Existing event detection methods mostly focus on either the keyword burst or sentiment of posts, and ignore some natural aspects of social networks such as the dynamic rate of arriving posts. In this paper, we devised Dynamic Social Event Detection approach that exploits a new dynamic windowing method. Besides, we add a mechanism to combine the sentiment of posts with the keywords burst in the dynamic windows. The combination of sentiment analysis and the frequently used keywords enhances our approach to detect events with a different level of user engagement. To analyze the behavior of the devised approach, we use a wide range of metrics including histogram of window sizes, sentiment oscillations of posts, topic recall, keyword precision, and keyword recall on two benchmarked datasets. One of the significant outcomes of the devised method is the topic recall of 100% for FA Cup dataset.

The FA Cup Draw and Pairing Up Probabilities

SummaryWe use the draw for the third round of the FA cup as a starting point for examining probabilities of certain pairings during a random draw. More generally, we consider where the elements of a set are paired up at random and find the probability distribution of the number of pairs consisting of two elements of a specified subset. This gives rise to combinatorial identities, especially when we consider multiple subsets.

A rule dynamics approach to event detection in Twitter with its application to sports and politics

The increasing popularity of Twitter as social network tool for opinion expression as well as information retrieval has resulted in the need to derive computational means to detect and track relevant topics/events in the network. The application of topic detection and tracking methods to tweets enable users to extract newsworthy content from the vast and somehow chaotic Twitter stream. In this paper, we apply our technique named Transaction-based Rule Change Mining to extract newsworthy hashtag keywords present in tweets from two different domains namely; sports (The English FA Cup 2012) and politics (US Presidential Elections 2012 and Super Tuesday 2012). Noting the peculiar nature of event dynamics in these two domains, we apply different time-windows and update rates to each of the datasets in order to study their impact on performance. The performance effectiveness results reveal that our approach is able to accurately detect and track newsworthy content. In addition, the results show that the adaptation of the time-window exhibits better performance especially on the sports dataset, which can be attributed to the usually shorter duration of football events.

The Episode Development for the Humanistic Soccer Lessons

축구는 다른 스포츠와 비교해 사회적으로 가장 폭넓고 다양한 문화적 특성을 반영하는 종목이다. 고대로부터 다양한 민족사회의 민중유희로서 존속되어온 신체유희이며, 복잡한 룰이 요구되지 않고 간단한 시설과 용구만으로 플레이할 수 있는 놀이였다. 이러한 특성으로 인해 축구는 다양한 민족의 집단적 놀이문화로 자리잡아왔다. 우리나라도 예외가 아니다. 그런데도 불구하고 축구의 역사에 대한 연구는 많지 않았으며, 재미있는 축구 이야기를 현장 교육에서 활용할 수 있는 에피소드로 개발해 둔 예도 없었다. 이러한 현실에서 본 연구는 인문학적 축구 수업을 위한 에피소드 개발을 목적으로 수행된 것이며, 그 결과를 요약하면 다음과 같다.BR 먼저, 축구의 기원에 관련된 에피소드 5가지를 개발하였다. ① 중국 축구 이야기 ② 그리스 · 로마 축구 이야기 ③ 중세영국 군중축구 ④ 축구 금지령 ⑤ 유죄선고도 겁내지 않은 축구광기 등이다.BR 다음으로, 축구의 조직화와 관련된 에피소드 9가지를 개발하였다. ① 케임브리지 룰 풋볼 ② 축구명칭 사커 ③ 프리메이슨즈 선술집의 10개 조항 ④ 사커의 확산과 풋볼 ⑤ 축구 룰의 진화 ⑥ 축구 공 ⑦ 핸드링과 스코어 ⑧ 페널티킥의 탄생 ⑨ 후방을 공략하는 수비 등이다.BR 이상 축구의 연구를 통하여 개발된 에피소드는 인문학적 체육 수업, 특히 축구 수업에서 동기 유발을 위해 적극적으로 활용될 수 있는 자료가 될 것으로 판단된다.

The Effect of South Korea FA Cup Game Attendance Factors on Spectator Satisfaction and Re-attend Intention Based on Sports Industry

본 연구는 한국축구 FA컵 경기관람요인이 관람만족 및 재관람의도에 미치는 영향을 규명하는데 목적이 있다. 연구를 위해 FA컵 3라운드 3경기 관중들을 대상으로 설문조사를 실시하였다. 자료처리 분석을 위해 SPSS 20.0 프로그램을 이용하여 빈도분석, 탐색적 요인분석, 상관관계분석, 다중회귀분석을 사용하였다. 이와 같은 분석을 통해 얻어진 결론은 다음과 같다.BR 첫째, 한국축구 FA컵 경기관람요인은 관람만족에 부분적으로 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다. 둘째, 한국축구 FA컵 경기관람요인은 재관람의도에 부분적으로 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다. 셋째, 한국축구 FA컵 관람만족은 재관람의도에 유의한 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다. 따라서 대한축구협회는 TV중계 제작비 지원, 대회 자료제공 및 데이터베이스 구축, SNS 대학생 기자단 모집, 빅데이터를 활용한 아마추어 팀 경기력 향상, 지역연고제 강화, 프로선수들의 아마 팀 이적 환경 조성, 아마 팀의 경기장 시설 확충 등의 실무적 차원의 노력을 기울여야 할 것이다.

Whistling his Way to Wembley: Percy Harper of Stourbridge, Cup Final Referee

Percy Harper (1892–1954) is best remembered for awarding a controversial goal which helped Newcastle United achieve victory over Arsenal in the FA Cup Final of 1932. That Harper was selected to take charge of the most important match of the English season indicated that he was among the elite of soccer referees. Letters and other papers assembled by Harper are used here to shed light on his career and on the pressures to which he was exposed in the course of 17 seasons (1922–1939) at the highest level of the English professional game. A top referee's life could be difficult at times, but there were significant rewards which more than compensated.

FA Cup success, football infrastructure and the establishment of Manchester’s footballing identity

Contemporary Manchester is recognized internationally as a footballing city, with both Manchester United and Manchester City acknowledged as prominent clubs. However, the city has not always been a force in the game, nor has the game always been important across Manchester’s social spectrum. This paper examines how Manchester first became established as a footballing city, identifying that success in the FA Cup in 1904 stimulated interest in the game and considers how the legacy of that victory enabled the game to develop in terms of participation and spectating. It also considers the social mix of attendees at professional games in the city, and closes by concluding that footballing success generated increased interest and was the catalyst for improvement in the infrastructure for both participation and attendance, enabling Manchester’s footballing identity to become established.

‘Darling of the Gods’: Tom Farquharson, Irish footballing migrant

This article examines the footballing career of Dublin-born goalkeeper Tom Farquharson. Using his appearance at the 1927 FA Cup final when Cardiff City beat Arsenal as an anchor this article seeks to explore Farquharson’s career both as a Cardiff City and Irish international player as a case study of Irish men playing their football in Football League in the interwar period. Farquharson’s refusal in 1931 to accept his selection by the Northern Ireland-based Irish Football Association was a significant moment in the attempts of the Irish Free State’s own Football Association to be recognized as the rightful association to use the term Ireland in international competition, being the first time a player refused of their volition. Analysing this and his footballing career more generally, we can intersect sports, labour, migration and diaspora history and begin to understand what it was like to be an Irishman playing football in interwar England.

The legacy of Hillsborough: liberating truth, challenging power

In April 1989, ninety-six men, women and children, supporters of Liverpool Football Club, died in a severe crush at an FA Cup semi-final at Hillsborough Stadium, Sheffield. Hundreds were injured and thousands traumatised. Within hours, the causes and circumstances of the disaster were contested. While a judicial inquiry found serious institutional failures in the policing and management of the capacity crowd, no criminal prosecutions resulted, and the inquests returned ‘accidental death’ verdicts. Immediately, the authorities claimed that drunken, violent fans had caused the fatal crush. Denied legitimacy, survivors’ accounts revealed a different story criticising the parlous state of the stadium, inadequate stewarding, negligent policing, failures in the emergency response and flawed processes of inquiry and investigation. Reflecting on two decades of research and contemporaneous interviews with bereaved families and survivors, this article contrasts the official discourse with those alternative accounts – the ‘view from below’. It demonstrates the influence of powerful institutional interests on the inquiries and investigations. It maps the breakthrough to full documentary disclosure following the appointment of the Hillsborough Independent Panel, its research and key findings published in September 2012. The campaigns by families and survivors were vindicated and the fans, including those who died, were exonerated. The process is discussed as an alternative method for liberating truth, securing acknowledgement and pursuing justice.

Pros and cons of screening for sudden cardiac death in sports

Sudden cardiac death (SCD) in the athlete, though uncommon, is the most devastating sport related event. It is widely publicised by the news media with the implication that such a...

Chapter 9 - War, remembrance and sport: ‘Abide With Me’ and the FA Cup Final in the 1920s

(2012). Chapter 9 - War, remembrance and sport: ‘Abide With Me’ and the FA Cup Final in the 1920s. Routledge Online Studies on the Olympic and Paralympic Games: Vol. 1, Sporting Sounds, pp. 164-178.