To evaluate personality characteristics and psychological symptoms believed to have an effect on the sexual functions and performances of patients undergoing dialysis treatment. Chronic renal failure is a life-threatening condition which can often have a poor prognosis. The loss of vital kidney function and other complications can affect almost all age groups. A quantitative descriptive study. The study sample included 225 patients selected randomly from patients who have undergone dialysis treatment for at least 3months at a dialysis centre in a university hospital. In this study, the Golombok Rust Inventory of Sexual Satisfaction (GRISS), the Eysenck Personality Inventory (EPI) and the Brief Symptom Inventory (BSI) were used. In the correlation test, made to investigate the relation between the patients' sexual satisfaction and their personalities, a significant positive relation was found between the communication subscale of the GRISS and the Lie dimension of the EPI, and a significant negative relation was found between the Communication subscale of the GRISS and the Lie dimension of the EPI, and between the Vaginismus and Orgasm subscales of the GRISS and the Extroversion dimension of the EPI. Results showed that sexual problems, in the areas of nonsensuality, anorgasmia, avoidance and communication, are associated with extroversion and psychological symptoms. Sexual health and the psychological well-being of patients with renal failure is an important issue that should be considered in nursing practice. Nurses should take the psychological problems of patients and their relations with partners into account and consider these problems in a holistic manner within the framework of nursing practice. They would then be able to play an effective role in intervening at an early stage and would be better equipped to help and control the psychological and sexual problems that some patients may experience.