Eysenck Personality Inventory Research Articles

Clinical and personal predictors of functioning in affective disorders: Exploratory results from baseline and 6-month follow-up of a randomised controlled trial

Comprehensive knowledge of factors causing and sustaining functional impairment in patients with affective disorders is warranted. The aim is to investigate associations between clinical factors (such as affective symptoms) and personal factors (such as personality traits, coping strategies, and childhood trauma experiences) on functioning and improvement of functioning in patients with affective disorders.This exploratory study includes data from 103 patients with bipolar disorder and unipolar depressive disorder. Clinician-rated functioning was assessed at baseline using the Functioning Assessment Short Test (FAST), and performance-based functioning was assessed at baseline and 6-month follow-up using the Assessment of Motor and Process Skills (AMPS). Data on clinical and personal factors were collected at baseline. Personal factors were measured by the Eysenck Personality Inventory (EPQ), Coping Inventory for Stressful Situations (CISS) and Childhood Trauma Questionnaire (CTQ). Pearson correlations and multiple linear regression models were used to analyse the association of clinical and personal factors with baseline functioning (FAST) and to identify predictors of improvement in functioning (AMPS) from baseline to follow-up.At baseline, greater depressive symptom severity, the personality trait neuroticism, emotional coping, and childhood trauma all correlated with poorer functioning (higher FAST scores). In multiple linear regression models, depression severity, emotional coping and childhood trauma were significant predictors of poorer functioning. More childhood trauma was a predictor of less functional improvement measured by AMPS at 6-month follow-up.In conclusion, maladaptive coping styles and depressive symptoms contribute to functional impairment in patients with affective disorders, while childhood trauma has a negative impact on long-term functional outcomes.

A cross-sectional study of the association of exposure to web-based streaming platforms on the psychosocial behaviour and the sleep pattern of Indian youth

Background The rapid proliferation of web-based streaming platforms has become a ubiquitous aspect of contemporary life, especially among the youth in urban areas. This study seeks to delve into the usage patterns and discern potential associations between web-based streaming platforms and the psychosocial behaviour, sleep patterns, and work and study routines of Indian youth in the Wardha District of Maharashtra and Central India. With the escalating prevalence of digital entertainment, understanding the impact on this demographic's mental well-being and lifestyle is imperative. Methods Employing a cross-sectional design, this study will involve youth aged 15-29 from urban communities and schools in the designated district. The sample size, determined by the Cochran formula, is 170 participants. A comprehensive data collection process will unfold by utilising validated assessment tools, including the Young's Internet Addiction Test, WHO (Five) Well-Being Index, Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index, and Eysenck's Personality Inventory. Statistical analyses, encompassing descriptive statistics, association tests, and regression analyses, will be conducted using SPSS version 23 software. Expected Outcome Anticipated outcomes of this study encompass a nuanced understanding of web-based streaming platform usage patterns, unveiling potential associations with psychosocial behaviours, sleep patterns, and work and study routines among Indian youth. The results are poised to contribute valuable insights into the intricate interplay between digital entertainment and the well-being of the urban youth population. Such findings can inform future interventions and strategies to foster a balanced and healthy digital lifestyle.

Personality traits are associated with physical symptoms, mental disorders, fear of COVID-19 and Health-related quality of life among frontline healthcare workers following COVID-19 pandemic: A Cross-sectional Study in Vietnam

ObjectiveThere is no evidence about the effects of personal traits on physical health, mental health and health-related quality of life (HRQOL) in healthcare workers in Vietnam, particularly during the COVID-19 pandemic. This study aimed to measure associations between the personality of healthcare workers (HCWs) in Vietnam and their physical health, mental health and health-related quality of life (HRQOL). MethodsA multi-centre cross-sectional study was conducted on 245 HCWs in Hanoi, Vietnam, during the COVID-19 pandemic. The Eysenck Personality Inventory (EPI) was used to measure HCWs’ personality. Physical Health Questionnaire-14 (PHQ-14), Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9), Generalized Anxiety Disorder – 7 (GAD7) and EuroQOL-5 Dimensions-5 Levels (EQ-5D-5 L) instruments were used to measure physical health, mental health and HRQOL. Multivariate Tobit regression models were used. ResultsThe mean EPI Extraversion and Neuroticism scores were 8.75/24 (SD=5.66) and 8.69/24 (SD=6.30). The Extraversion score was negatively associated with PHQ14 respiratory infection (Coef.= - 0.13, 95 %CI=-0.24; -0.02) and GAD7 score (Coef. = -0.22, 95 %CI= - 0.40; -0.04). The Neuroticism score was positively correlated with PHQ14 gastrointestinal issue score, PHQ14 headache score, PHQ14 respiratory infection score, PHQ14 sleep disruption score, PQH14 total score, PHQ9 score, GAD7 score and fear of COVID-19 score, while negatively correlated with EQ-5D index (Coef. = -0.006, 95 %CI= -0.010; -0.002). ConclusionThis study indicated that personality had potential roles in impacting the physical and mental well-being of HCWs in Vietnam during the COVID-19 pandemic. Interventions to implement mindfulness practices, enhance overall well-being, and foster group dynamics among HCWs should be warranted..

Стресс учебной деятельности и учебная мотивация студентов с различным уровнем нейротизма

The current study allowed us to conduct a comparative analysis of the significance of various stress factors assessed by students with different levels of neuroticism and perceived by them as obstacles in the learning process. The study design includes the comparative analysis of two groups of students. We analyzed the relationships between indicators of subjectively assessed intensity of response to academic stress-factors and characteristics of academic motivation among these groups of students. We used the following questionnaires that allow respondents to assess the academic stress factors intensity: “Academic Motivation Scales” (Gordeeva, Sychev and Osin), “Eysenck Personality Inventory” (EPI). The study involved 156 people. It was found out that students with different levels of neuroticism have no significant difference in the severity of various types of academic motivation. But, at the same time, there are a number of differences in assessing the intensity of academic stress under the influence of certain stress factors. There are also differences in the structure of relationships between indicators of academic motivation and stress factors, depending on the emotional stability of the respondents. The results of the study can be useful for creating individual-oriented (taking into account the level of neuroticism) programs of psychological and pedagogical assistance to students striving for high-quality knowledge assimilation and improving their academic performance. On the basis of the obtained data, we can speak about the necessity to form a balance between the experience of the handling stress intensity, which arises as a result of a subjective assessment of the certain phenomena stressfulness during the study process, and the various types of academic motivation, which contribute to the development of professional competencies.

Exploring the Relationship between Smartphone Addiction, Quality of Life, and Personality Traits in University Students.

Objective: This study aimed to explore the dynamics of the relationship among smartphone addiction, quality of life, and personality characteristics in university students. Method : This correlational and descriptive research was conducted to investigate the relationship between smartphone addiction, quality of life, and personality traits among university students. Using a nonprobability random sampling method, 496 university students were selected. Data collection involved the Student Information Form, Smartphone Addiction Scale, Symptom Checklist (SCL-90-R), Revised Eysenck Personality Questionnaire-Abridged Form (EPQR-A), and the WHO Quality of Life Scale-Short Form (WHOQOL-BREF). Statistical analysis was conducted with SPSS 25.0, utilizing Chi-square tests, independent sample t-tests, and Pearson's correlation analysis. Results: Out of 496 students (average age of 20.52), 59.87% were identified as smartphone addicts based on the Smartphone Addiction Scale-Short Version. A notable difference was found by study year (P = 0.009) and socioeconomic status (P = 0.003). Participants with smartphone addiction registered higher SCL-90-r scores for conditions like Obsessive Compulsive Disorder, Interpersonal Sensitivity, and Psychoticism. The Eysenck Personality Inventory highlighted that the Psychoticism score was significantly higher in the group with smartphone addiction (P = 0.001). A negative correlation between smartphone addiction scores and general health (WHOQoL) was identified, whereas a positive correlation with SCL-90-R's Psychoticism dimension score was observed (P < 0.001). Conclusion: Smartphone addiction is widespread among university student population. The study indicates that smartphone addiction not only impacts the individual's quality of life but also is associated with personality disorders, and these problems intensify with the severity of addiction. The findings underscore the need for interventions and educational programs to address smartphone addiction in this population.

Evaluation of Internet Addiction and Relational Variables Among Nursing Students in Turkey During the COVID-19 Pandemic.

It is known that individuals use the internet more to escape from the psychological problems they encounter in daily life during the pandemic. Besides, it is also known that individuals with personality traits such as neuroticism and extraversion might be prone to internet addiction due to poor communication skills. It is important to determine the relationship between the internet usage characteristics and the mental state of nursing students so that students can provide better quality health services in their education and professional processes. The present study aimed to determine the relationship between internet addiction and personality traits, stress, and obsessive-compulsive symptoms among nursing students during the pandemic. This study includes 528 nursing students. The Young's Internet Addiction Test (YIAT), the Vancouver Obsessive-Compulsive Inventory (VOCI), the Eysenck Personality Inventory (EPI), and the Perceived Stress Scale (PSS) were used for data collection between August and October 2021. It was found that there was a statistically significant and positive correlation between the students' YIAT mean scores and the EPI neuroticism sub-dimension, VOCI all sub-dimensions, and PSS mean scores (p < .05). In addition, the mean scores of the PSS and EPI were predictors of the YIAT total score (R = .550, R2 = .233, p < .05). Considering these results, it is necessary to prevent the negative effects of the COVID-19 pandemic on the psychosocial health of individuals. Psychological counseling can be offered to provide protective factors during the pandemic period.

An Analysis of Students’ Anxiety Level in English Oral Performance Viewed from Their Personality

The aims of the research were to analyze the students’ anxiety levels in English oral performance viewed from their personality and the alternative solutions to overcome students’ anxiety in speaking English at the sixth semester students IAIN Salatiga by using survey methods. To select the participants, the researcher chose students’ randomly, which consisted of 23 pupils to answer two questionnaires from The Foreign Language Classroom Anxiety Scale (FLCAS) and Eysenck Personality Inventory (1959) and interview guidelines[1]. In this research there were three processes for analyzing data, including: data condensation, data display, and drawing conclusion. The implications of this paper are reduced language proficiency, self-esteem, academic performance, impaired fluency and negative attitude towards English. Finally, the result was 1) The anxiety level in speaking was anxiety level of 23 participants is 2 students at a very relaxed anxiety level (9%), 7 students at relaxed anxiety (30%), 11 participants at the level of mild anxiety (48%), 1 person at the anxiety level (4%) and 2 students were very anxious (9%). There are 5 extroverts whose average scales are 1 person is very relaxed, 2 students are at a relaxed level and 2 others are slightly anxious. Meanwhile, there are 18 introverts whose average scale is at a slightly anxious level. 2) The dominant factor in students' anxiety in speaking English for extroverts are the language factor and stage fear. For introverts, the dominant anxiety factors are peer factors, lack of confidence and shame, past experiences and irrational thoughts.

Depression and Cognitive Dysfunction in Patients with Chronic Hepatitis C: Correlation with Viral Replication in the Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cells and Cytokines in Serum.

Chronic hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection is commonly associated with depression and cognitive dysfunction, the cause of which could be related to the HCV neuroinvasion and/or state of chronic inflammation. Viral sequences and proteins were previously detected in the brain and since blood leukocytes can cross the blood-brain barrier, they could provide viral access to the CNS. Eighty chronic hepatitis C patients were tested for viral replication in PBMCs (detection of the HCV RNA-negative strand) and serum cytokines. Depression was assessed by the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI), neuroticism by the Eysenck Personality Inventory (N/EPO-R), and anxiety by the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI) while neurocognitive testing included the Wisconsin Card Sorting Test (WCST), Ruff Figural Fluency Test (RFFT), California Verbal Learning Test (CVLT), and Grooved Pegboard Test (GPT). The HCV RNA-negative strand was detected in PBMCs from 24 (30%) patients and these patients had significantly higher BDI scores (median 12.5 [IQR] 6.3-20.5 vs. median 8.00 [IQR] 3-12; p = 0.013). Both depression and anxiety correlated positively with IL-8 while cognitive flexibility, executive function, problem-solving skills, memory, and motor functioning correlated negatively with some proinflammatory cytokines. Our findings suggest that due to chronic HCV infection, the brain function is negatively affected by both viral replication in PBMCs and by the immune activation state.

ВЗАИМОСВЯЗЬ ТИПА ТЕМПЕРАМЕНТА С ОСОБЕННОСТЯМИ ПСИХОЭМОЦИОНАЛЬНОГО СОСТОЯНИЯ У ЖЕНЩИН С ЗАБОЛЕВАНИЯМИ ЖЕЛУДОЧНО-КИШЕЧНОГО ТРАКТА

The topicality of the research is confirmed by data showing a high incidence of gastrointestinal (GI) diseases in the Russian Federation in comparison with other European countries. Patients with gastrointestinal (GI) disease have been reported by clinicians to be emotionally unstable during disease exacerbations. This article presents a study of the relationship between psycho-emotional states and individual typological characteristics in women of different ages with GI disease. Levels of indicators of anxiety and depression in women with GI disease were investigated. The purpose of the study was to determine the peculiarities of anxiety and depression levels in women with GI diseases in relation to temperament type and age; using correlation analysis, to determine the relationship between neuroticism and emotional state, temperament type, and levels of anxiety and depression in the study participants. The study involved 28 women with diseases of the gastrointestinal tract, aged 42 to 72 years. The Eysenck Personality Inventory (EPI), the Spielberger State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI) and the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI) were used in the research. From the results obtained, it can be concluded that most women with gastrointestinal disorders have an introverted personality type with high neuroticism. It was found that women with a melancholic temperament type had the highest scores on the Personality Anxiety Scale and on the Cognitive-Affective Manifestations of Depression subscale and the General Depression Scale, whereas women with a sanguine temperament type had the lowest scores for all indicators. The results of the study may be of practical importance in providing psychological support to women with gastrointestinal diseases in hospital, taking into account their individual typological characteristics and emotional state.

SPECIAL ISSUE: Differentiating Successful from Less Successful Males and Females in a Group Relaxation/Biofeedback Stress Management Program

Managing stress in the post-COVID world requires a program that can efficaciously and cost-effectively address a large number of people who have differing experiences and needs and can also be adapted for internet presentation. The purpose of this paper is to share observations, collected over more than forty years, of group stress management training in university and community settings. The specific data reported are from a subgroup that is representative of the other groups. An in-person group stress-management program of 141 adults in community clinics with approximately 15 to 20 per group attended 10 training sessions across 5 weeks with pre-post personality measures. The group also documented 5 weeks of home practice, symptoms, and medication use. The average group improvement in well-being was 80%, following training in breathing, progressive muscle relaxation, autogenic training, visualization, quieting response, and alphagenics, with individual temperature biofeedback having been provided during the last 5 classes. A pre- to post-two-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) revealed that the Spielberger State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI) trait anxiety and Eysenck Personality Inventory (EPI) neuroticism significantly decreased. EPI extraversion increased only in females. Males and females equally preferred autogenic training (55%). The most successful males and females were older, practiced more, reported greater increases in self-confidence, and attributed more of their success to the group and/or instructor. The success of a program may also be associated with excellent home practice compliance, being a part of a group, and increases in self-confidence/efficacy.

The Effects of Football and Volleyball Training on Neurotic Values of 30-40 Age Group Male Police Officers

Backraound: In this study, it was aimed to determine the effect of football and volleyball training on the neurotic values of 30-40 age group male police officers and to contribute to the studies and literature in this field.The universe of the research consists of 45 male police officers aged 30-40 working in Altınordu district of Ordu province in 2019. &#x0D; Material and Method: The research is in quasi-experimental research design model. "Eysenck Personality Inventory" was used in the study. Statistical analysis of the data was made with the SPSS 21 program. In the study, the compliance of the data to the normal distribution was tested by using the Shapiro-Wilk test and it was observed that the applied test was suitable for the groups. In comparing the means of more than two groups, one-way analysis of variance (Anova) was used for unrelated samples, and one-way analysis of variance was used for repeated measures in more than two comparisons of a group.&#x0D; Results: When the general evaluation is made according to the research results; In the first week of the Eysenck Personality Inventory, it was observed that the volleyball group had the lowest score, while the score of the control group was higher than the volleyball group, and the score of the football group was higher than the control group. In the fourth and eighth week applications of the post-training test, the lowest score was found in the volleyball group, the football group got higher scores than the volleyball group, and the control group got higher scores than the football group. While the overall mean scores of the groups decreased in the volleyball and football groups, fluctuations were observed in the scores of the control group. Considering the neurotic score averages of the test, the volleyball group got the lowest value according to the test applied in the first week, while the football and the control group had a high value with equal values. While the neurotic value averages of the volleyball and football groups decreased after the trainings applied, the neurotic score average of the control group first increased and then decreased. In the study, it was determined that sports positively affect the neuroticism values of individuals. &#x0D; Conclusion: According to the results obtained with this study, it has been revealed that doing sports is one of the most effective options for people who work under high stress, especially for police officers, to get rid of the stored negative energy and to have a more positive perspective on life.The results of the study were evaluated with similar studies, and recommendations were made based on the findings.

BAŞA ÇIKMA TEPKİLERİ ÖLÇEĞİ TÜRKÇE YETİŞKİN FORMUNUN (BTÖ-Y) PSİKOMETRİK ÖZELLİKLERİNİN SINANMASI

Lazarus and Folkman’s Transactional Model of Stress and Coping highlights the significance of community- individual interaction in coping. Accordingly, CRI-A, as developed by Moos involves four sub-dimensions for each of approach and avoidance coping responses. The aim of this research to evaluate the psychometric properties of CRI-A. Data were collected from a total of 400 university students whose ages vary between 17- 48. Of the 250 participants, the validity of the Inventory has been tested through exploratory factor analysis (EFA), and correlations with Stress Coping Styles (SCSI), Locus of Control (LCI), and Eysenck Personality (EPI) Inventories. With the remaining 150 students, a confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) has been conducted. The results indicate that alpha coefficients of approach and avoidance subtests of CRI-A range between .60-.70, and .53-.68, respectively. CRI-A and most SCSI subtests, CRI-A’s avoidance and LCI scores, and CRI-A and EPI scores yielded significant correlations. The CFA showed good fit indices for the factor structure extracted from EFA. The findings provide acceptable evidence for the validity and reliability of CRI-A.

A comparison of taxon-like schizotypal clusters of non-clinical individuals on polygenic scores for schizophrenia and related phenotypes

IntroductionSchizotypy is conceptualized to be on the continuum of the risk for psychosis. However, previous studies that used the dimensional approach to schizotypy failed to confirm the expected relations between schizotypal traits and polygenic risk scores (PRS) for schizophrenia. A taxonic approach is an alternative way of looking at schizotypy, but to the best of our knowledge it has not been used to explore the genetic architecture of this construct.ObjectivesThe present study aimed to fill this gap by comparing groups with different profiles of schizotypal traits on PRS for schizophrenia and related phenotypes.MethodsTo find clusters with different combinations of schizotypal traits, we conducted data mining of an ethnically homogeneous cohort of 1377 healthy individuals completed the Schizotypal Personality Questionnaire. Four clusters emerged, termed low, positive, negative, and high mixed schizotypy. Approximately equal groups from each cluster were selected for genotyping. After quality control, PRS for schizophrenia, depression, neuroticism, and educational attainment were calculated for 320 individuals (mean age = 31.74, SD 12.25 years, 59% women) based on the summary statistics of the largest genome-wide association studies of the respective traits. The groups from different clusters were then compared on PRS.ResultsThe schizotypy groups were similar in age and sex composition but differed in educational attainment and neuroticism (as measured by the Eysenck Personality Inventory), with the high mixed schizotypes having the lowest education and highest neuroticism scores among the schizotypy groups. There were no statistically significant differences between the groups in any PRS. However, the high mixed schizotypy group showed the largest PRS for schizophrenia, neuroticism, and depression. At a nominally significant level, it differed from negative and positive schizotypes in schizophrenia PRS and from low schizotypy in neuroticism PRS. The positive and negative schizotypal groups had non-significantly lower schizophrenia PRS than low schizotypy subjects.ConclusionsOur study showed no reliable difference between groups with different schizotypal profiles in PRS of schizophrenia and related phenotypes. At the same time, a number of trends were observed suggesting that only the high mixed schizotypy might be viewed as a condition with an elevated genetic risk of schizophrenia. This is in line with Meehl’s quasi-dimensional model of schizotypy and warrants further investigation in larger samples. This work was supported by the Russian Foundation for Basic Research under Grant 20-013-00230.Disclosure of InterestNone Declared

Exploring organizational management of extrovert school leadership

&lt;span lang="EN-US"&gt;The study aimed at determining the personality traits of extroversion and introversion of school leadership and evaluating their organizational management in Federal Government Educational Institutions (FGEIs). A quantitative research design along with a positivist paradigm was followed. The total population consisted of 68 school principals and 592 teachers of FGEIs in the Gujranwala, Fazaia, and Lahore Regions from which 54 principals and 381 teachers were selected using a random sampling technique. Eysenck Personality Inventory (EPI) was deployed to collect information about personality traits and data regarding organizational management, the researchers used a self-developed questionnaire. Pearson correlation r and t-tests were deployed for inferential stats. The results showed that extrovert school leaders perform their duties well as they hold a clear concept of the vision and mission of the organization, set up an accepted procedure to plan short-term and long-term goals, share responsibilities with all stakeholders following their skills, and ensure the smooth functioning of the school with the help of all stakeholders. In comparison, introverted school principals show less interest in the organizational management of their schools. Moreover, organizational management of school leadership has a positive correlation with the personality trait of extroversion and a significant difference can be seen in organizational management of an extrovert and an introvert school principal. It was recommended that the performance indicators and standards of school principals should be effectively communicated to school leadership. Introvert school leadership should be provided with the necessary psychological training to reduce this shortcoming of personality.&lt;/span&gt;

Anticipating Unipolar Depression and Bipolar Depression in young adult with first episode of depression using childhood trauma and personality.

Relevant research focusing on young adults with Unipolar Depression (UD) and Bipolar Depression (BD) is limited. The current research aims to investigate childhood trauma and personality traits in young adults with UD and BD. Two hundred and thirty-five patients in a first depressive episode (diagnosed UD and BD), 16-25 years old, were recruited from Second Xiangya Hospital. And 79 healthy controls (HC) were recruited from the community to form the comparison group. Patients' childhood trauma was measured by the Childhood Trauma Questionnaire (CTQ), and personality was measured by Eysenck Personality Inventory (EPI). The Kruskal-Wallis test was used to compare depression, anxiety, CTQ, and EPI scores between the HC (n = 79), UD (n = 131), and BD (n = 104) groups. Factors independently associated with mood disorders and BD were determined using binary logistic regression analyses. Compared with HC, mood disorders had more severe anxiety and depression symptoms, and higher CTQ. Emotional abuse (OR = 1.47; 95% CI = 1.08-2.01), emotional neglect (OR = 1.24; 95% CI = 1.05-1.46), and neuroticism (OR = 1.25; 95% CI = 1.16-1.35) were associated with significantly increased odds of mood disorders. Whereas, higher extraversion scores were a protective factor for mood disorders. Compared with UD, BD had more severe anxiety symptoms, and higher CTQ, than extraversion and neuroticism personality scores. Anxiety (OR = 1.06; 95% CI = 1.02-1.08) and extraversion (OR = 1.05; 95% CI = 1.03-1.09) were associated with significantly increased odds of BD. Interventions to prevent childhood trauma may improve young adults' mental health. Using childhood trauma and personality to anticipate BD and UD creates more accurate treatment for young adults with first depression.

Differentiate the personality profiles of the people of Sedati District, Sidoarjo regency who have been exposed to covid-19 from those who have not been exposed to Covid-19 during the Covid-19 pandemic era

This study was conducted with the aim of comparing the extrovert-introvert personality type of someone who has suffered from COVID-19 and who has never suffered from COVID-19 in the COVID-19 pandemic era in the Sedati District Sidoarjo community. The hypothesis of this study was that there was a personality type difference between people diagnosed with COVID-19 and without COVID-19. The research subjects were samples taken from the community of Sedati sub-district, Sidoarjo amounting to 150 people. The measuring instrument used was the extrovert- introvert personality scale Eysenck Personality Inventory (IPEI) (1977) which has been modified and translated. The purpose of this study was to compare the personality profile of the Sedati District Sidoarjo community who had been exposed to COVID-19 with people who were not affected by COVID-19 in the COVID-19 Pandemic Era. This study was a quantitative study with a cross-sectional design using self-administered and, interviewer-administered questionnaires with inclusion criteria of an age range of 20 years - 59 years, and fluent in reading and writing. The personality types of the people of Sedati District who have suffered from COVID-19 and the personality types of the people of Sedati District who have never been exposed to COVID-19 based on the results of the study show that there was no significant difference in personality type between those who have COVID-19 and those who don't have COVID-19.

Evaluating the genetic interaction effects of gut microbiome and diet on the risk of neuroticism in the UK Biobank cohort.

In this study designed to investigate the effect of diet and gut microbiome on neuropsychiatric disorders, we explored the mechanisms of the interaction between diet and gut microbiome on the risk of neuroticism. First, using the individual genotype data from the UK Biobank cohort (N = 306 165), we calculated the polygenic risk score (PRS) based on 814 dietary habits single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs), 21 diet compositions SNPs and 1001 gut microbiome SNPs, respectively. Gut microbiome and diet-associated SNPs were collected from three genome-wide association studies (GWAS), including the gut microbiome (N = 3890), diet compositions (over 235 000 subjects) and dietary habits (N = 449 210). The neuroticism score was calculated by 12 questions from the Eysenck Personality Inventory Neuroticism scale. Then, regression analysis was performed to evaluate the interaction effects between diet and the gut microbiome on the risk of neuroticism. Our studies demonstrated multiple candidate interactions between diet and gut microbiome, such as protein vs. Bifidobacterium (β = 4.59 × 10-3; P = 9.45 × 10-3) and fat vs. Clostridia (β = 3.67 × 10-3; P = 3.90 × 10-2). In addition, pieces of fresh fruit per day vs. Ruminococcus (β = -5.79 × 10-3, P = 1.10 × 10-3) and pieces of dried fruit per day vs. Clostridiales (β = -5.63 × 10-3, P = 1.49 × 10-3) were found to be negatively associated with neuroticism in fruit types. We also identified several positive interactions, such as tablespoons of raw vegetables per day vs. Veillonella (β = 5.92 × 10-3, P = 9.21 × 10-4) and cooked vegetables per day vs. Acidaminococcaceae (β = 5.69 × 10-3, P = 1.24 × 10-3). Our results provide novel clues for understanding the roles of diet and gut microbiome in the development of neuroticism.

Personality Type and Chronic Pain: The Relationship between Personality Profile and Chronic Low Back Pain Using Eysenck’s Personality Inventory

Background: Personality type plays a key role in how individuals respond to a variety of stimuli; however, it is unclear if there is a significant influence on pain perception. While pain is associated with many conditions, chronic low back pain (cLBP) is one of the most prevalent and debilitating problems in modern society. Treating this condition can be a challenge and clinicians must understand all factors that can influence pain perception. Purpose: The present study investigated the relationship between personality type and pain experience in patients experiencing cLBP. Methods: One hundred twenty-four participants completed the Eysenck Personality Inventory (EPI), which identifies two major components of the human personality, neuroticism, and extraversion. Participants also completed the Oswestry Disability Index (ODI), the Tampa Scale for Kinesiophobia (TSK), the Numeric Pain Rating Scale (NPRS), and the Pain Catastrophizing Scale (PCS). The association between pain and personality was determined with a Spearman Rank Correlation Coefficient. A hierarchical cluster analysis with Ward’s clustering method examined for subgroups of individuals based on these variables. Results: The neuroticism score (EPI-N) was found to have a statistically significant relationship with all pain outcome measures. This suggests that people exhibiting a neurotic personality type are likely to have more fear of movement (p = 0.001), greater catastrophizing behavior (p &lt; 0.001), higher self-reported levels of disability (p &lt; 0.001), and higher overall reported levels of pain (p = 0.046) than those with other, more stable personality types. Three clusters were derived with varying levels of pain-related factors and personality. Conclusions: Personality type appears to have an influence on many of the attributes associated with cLBP and may be a useful determinate in both prognosis and interventions.

ANALISIS KEMAMPUAN NUMERASI SISWA SMA DITINJAU DARI TIPE KEPRIBADIAN EXTROVERT DAN INTROVERT

The purpose of this study is to analyze the numeracy skills of high school students in solving AKM questions in terms of the extrovert-introvert personality type. The method in this study is a descriptive method with a qualitative approach. The subjects of this study were 6 students from class X IPA in one of the public high schools in North Jakarta who were taken using a purposive random sampling technique with three students each from the extroverted personality type and three other students from the introverted personality type, which was measured using the theory of Eysenck's personality is the Eysenck Personality Inventory (EPI). There are 3 indicators that meet numeracy abilities. The results of this study indicate that Extrovert students have lower numeracy skills than Introvert students. Extrovert students can meet 2 ability indicators while Introvert students can meet 3 ability indicators.

Индекс адаптации студентов к учебному процессу в зависимости от типа темперамента

The purpose of this study was to establish a correlation between the index of adaptation to the educational process and the personality type of medical students. Materials and methods. The research involved 184 secondand fifth-year medical students. We determined their personality types (according to Eysenck Personality Inventory (EPI), variant A) and index of regulatory and adaptive status (IRAS) using the cardiorespiratory synchronism test (V.M. Pokrovsky) on the VNS-Mikro device (Neurosoft, Russia) at the beginning and at the end of the academic year. The adaptation level was determined by calculating the integrative quantitative indicator, i.e. the adaptation index (ratio of IRAS at the end of the academic year to IRAS at the beginning of the academic year, multiplied by 100). Results. Students with different personality types, genetically predetermined, demonstrated different adaptation index values (p &lt; 0.001): phlegmatic students (n = 26) 81.9 ± 1.0 (high adaptation level); choleric (n = 22) 72.1 ± 1.0 (high adaptation level); sanguine (n = 22) 34.1 ± 1.2 (moderate adaptation level); melancholic (n = 20) 22.6 ± 0.8 (low adaptation level); phlegmatic/sanguine (n = 20) 79.4 ± 0.8 (high adaptation level); sanguine/choleric (n = 26) 43.2 ± 0.9 (moderate adaptation level); phlegmatic/melancholic (n = 30) 36.6 ± 1.1 (moderate adaptation level); melancholic/ choleric (n = 18) 25.2 ± 0.6 (low adaptation level). Correlation analysis with Spearman’s rank correlation coefficient (interpretation using the Chaddock scale) revealed a statistically significant relationship between IRAS values at the beginning and at the end of the school year (r = 0.53). The data obtained showed that all students had a decrease in IRAS at the end of the academic year, personality type affecting the indicator’s annual dynamics. Melancholic and melancholic/choleric medical students had the lowest adaptation level. The identified risk groups require special attention and an individual approach when planning the educational process.