Eye Injuries Research Articles

Analysis of anatomic location of burns inpatients in China from 2009 to 2018

BackgroundBurns cause serious physical and psychological harm to patients, placing a heavy burden on the global healthcare system. Our previous study detailed the epidemiological characteristics of burn injuries in Chinese inpatients from 2009 to 2018. Interestingly, the anatomic locations of burn injuries vary by gender, age, provinces, and outcomes among different causes. Therefore, this current study aims to analyze the characteristics of burn injuries in inpatients with various burn sites by collecting data in China from 2009 to 2018. This analysis will inform future healthcare system decisions and provide effective strategies.MethodsBurns inpatients from 196 hospitals across 31 provinces in China were included in the study, covering the period from 2009 to 2018. The data collected encompassed information on gender, age, etiology, regions, clinical outcomes, and anatomical locations of the injuries. Data analysis was conducted using Microsoft Excel 2007.ResultsFrom 2009 to 2018, a total of 333,995 burns inpatients were recorded. The most vulnerable parts to burns were multiple burn sites (230,090, 68.89%). Women were more susceptible to lower limb burns (15,608, 14%), while men were more prone to eye injuries (8,387, 3.37%) and hand burns (6,119, 2.75%). The age group of 0–10 years was the most vulnerable to burns across all body areas, including internal organs. In China, individuals aged 20–50 years were at a higher risk of head and neck burns compared to other age groups. The Han population showed increased vulnerability to eye injuries (2.12 times higher than minorities), respiratory tract issues (2.09 times higher than minorities), and trunk burns (1.83 times higher than minorities), while being less susceptible to internal organ injuries (0.23 times fewer than minorities) and lower limb burns (0.78 times fewer than minorities). The southwest region had the highest proportion of burns inpatients with burns affecting single body parts, whereas the eastern area had the highest rates of respiratory tract burns (0.85%) and multiple burn sites (80.64%). Scalding was identified as the most common cause of burns, while flame burns (769, 55.81%) and chemical burns (438, 47.35%) were the main causes of respiratory tract and internal organ injuries, respectively.ConclusionsThis study provides an initial description of characteristics of burns inpatients with various anatomic locations of burns in China over the past decade. Our findings will contribute to the most up-to-date clinical evidence database for healthcare planning and prevention initiatives in both China and other countries.

Causative Activities and Prognostic Factors of Open-Globe Injury: A Registry-Based City-Wide Multicentre Study

ABSTRACT Purpose Traumatic globe injury is classified into closed-globe and open-globe injury (OGI); OGI leads to a worse prognosis. We aimed to identify causative activities and prognostic factors of OGI in a metropolitan city in South Korea. Methods This retrospective observational study used a prospective eye-injury registry conducted in Daegu, South Korea, between 1 August 2016 and 31 July 2021. We identified epidemiology and visual outcomes of OGI at four tertiary hospitals. Those with the best visual acuity lower than counting fingers at the 6-month follow-up were considered to have poor visual outcome. Results Of 9,208 patients with eye injuries, 282 had OGI. Most OGI patients were male (261, 92.6%), with the largest proportion in their 50s (76, 27.0%). The most frequent causative activity was mowing (59, 20.9%), and poor visual outcome was most seen in assault (7, 87.5%) and sports activity (9, 81.8%). Hammering, metal work, and sports activity were prevalent in those under 30, and mowing was most prevalent in those in their 50s (16, 21.1%) and 60s (29, 40.3%). In the multivariable logistic regression analysis, OGI related to traffic accident and sports activity were presented poor prognosis (adjusted odds ratio [aOR] 13.259, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.202–146.205 for traffic accident; aOR 6.801, 95% CI 1.064–43.487 for sports activity). Conclusion We need to develop advanced vehicle safety equipment, implement public education promoting seat belt usage and hazards of OGI, establish eye protection standards for key causal activities, and provide eye protection equipment for sports activities and mowing.

Principal and Secondary Diagnoses Related to Eye Injury: Characteristics from a tertiary center in Northern Thailand

OBJECTIVE This study aimed to explore the epidemiological characteris-tics of primary and secondary diagnoses of eye injuries requiring hospitali-zation in a tertiary referral center. METHODS The medical records of 726 patients with diagnoses of eye injury who were admitted between January 2016 and December 2019 were reviewed. RESULTS Four hundred and thirty-six of the patients (60.1%) were hospitalized with a principal diagnosis related to eye injury, while 290 patients (39.9%) were admitted with secondary diagnoses. Over the four-year period of study, the proportion of admissions with a principal diagnosis stayed consistently in the range of 54.0% to 63.9%. Most of the patients in the principal diagnosis group were age between 41 and 60 years. Patients in the secondary diagnosis group, however, were mostly between the age of 21 and 40 years. The majority of patients in the principal diagnosis group (267 patients, 61.2%) had eye injuries which had occurred at work, whereas in the secondary diagnosis group most (230 patients, 79.3%) had eye injuries resulting from traffic accidents. CONCLUSIONS Work-related accidents and traffic accidents were the two main types of at-risk behaviors in both the primary and secondary diagnosis categories. Initiatives for public health education related to eye injuries should pay more special attention to these two primary causes of severe eye injuries. KEYWORDS principal diagnosis, secondary diagnosis, eye injury, hos- pitalization

Penetrating eye injuries caused by animal inoculation needle sticks: Two case reports

We present two cases of ocular injuries caused by animal inoculation needles associated with full-thickness corneal lacerations and traumatic cataracts. Total vitrectomy was performed on the days of the incidents; both retinal holes and retinal hemorrhages were observed. The patients achieved final visual acuities of 20/25 and 20/16, respectively. This report seeks to share treatments that ensure successful outcomes when ocular injuries are caused by animal inoculation needles. We recommend early vitrectomy to prevent endophthalmitis while monitoring any retinal damage.

QUALITY OF LIFE OF PATIENTS AFTER SURGICAL INTERVENTION AT THE CLINIC FOR EYE DISEASES TUZLA

Visual impairment negatively affects the quality of life of people and it is an important parameter of the outcome of treatment of patients diagnosed with cataracts, glaucoma, strabismus or injuries. The goal of the research was to assess the psychological aspects of the quality of life of patients with the above-mentioned diagnoses.The research included 99 patients of both sexes, who, after surgery at the Clinic for Eye Diseases Tuzla, were monitored on an outpatient basis in the Clinic's Specialist Outpatient Clinic. For the purposes of the research, the Vision Questionnaire (NEI VFQ-25), version 2000, was used.The age of the respondents ranged from 5 to 78 years. The majority of respondents were men 50 (50.50%). The average chronological age of male respondents is 47.50±21.56 years, and female respondents 50.12±20.85. In the total sample, 45.5% of respondents have cataracts, 29.3% glaucoma, 11.1% strabismus and 14.1% have an eye injury. Of these 99 respondents, 47.5% consider their health to be average, 44.4% consider it to be above average, while 8.1% of respondents consider it to be below average. A higher percentage of male respondents have glaucoma (38%) and injuries/trauma (20%) compared to female respondents. A higher percentage of female respondents (55.1%) state that their quality of life is above average, while the percentage of male respondents is 34%. The quality of life is average for 56% of male respondents and 38.8% of female respondents. The results of the chi-square test showed that there is no statistically significant difference in relation to the gender and quality of life of the respondents (χ2= 4.48; df= 2; p= 0.106). The results of the univariate analysis of variance in relation to the cause of visual impairment, and the vision problems experienced by the subjects showed that there is a statistically significant difference between the subjects in relation to the cause of visual impairment. In relation to the overall results of vision problems, it may be concluded that subjects with cataracts and glaucoma at the statistical significance level of 0.05 state that they have more vision problems compared to subjects with strabismus and injury. Subjects with cataracts at the significance level of 0.05 state that they have more vision problems compared to subjects with glaucoma.Although the self-assessment of the psychological and spiritual components of the quality of life of the subjects gave satisfactory results, it is necessary to provide specific support in order to prevent and eliminate negative reactions to the postoperative condition of operated patients. Keywords: quality of life (QoL), NEI VFQ-25 questionnaire, visual impairment.

Pattern of eye trauma among pediatric ophthalmic patients in upper and lower Egypt: A prospective two-center medicolegal study.

Ocular trauma is the leading cause of monocular blindness in children. This study aimed to identify and compare pediatric ocular injuries at two national university hospitals: Benha University Hospital (BUH) and South Valley University Hospital (SVUH) while evaluating the predictive utility of the Ocular Trauma Score (OTS) for post-traumatic permanent visual infirmity. This multicenter observational study enrolled children under 18 years at BUH and SVUH Ophthalmology Departments from May 31 to December 31, 2022. Comprehensive medical histories and detailed data on eye trauma were obtained, with each undergoing thorough eye examinations at the initial presentation and during the 6-month follow-up period. The final visual outcome was permanent visual infirmity that was defined as the Best Corrected Visual Acuity in the better eye worse than 3/60 or near vision worse than N6 according to the International Classification of Diseases 11. The study included 120 cases evenly distributed between the two hospitals, with a mean age of 10.03 (±3.30) years, 74.17% male and 51.67% urban residents. Blunt, sharp, and foreign objects were the most common causes (39.17%, 33.33%, and 11.67%, respectively). Closed-globe injuries prevailed at BUH (83.33%) than SVUH (40.0%). Most injuries were accidental and outdoors, with an average interval of 9.93 (±23.57) hours to seek medical care. Lack of education, open-globe injuries, poor initial visual acuity, longer intervals from admission to intervention, and lower OTS were associated with visual impairment.

Clinical Profile and Outcome of Ocular Shotgun Pellet Injury Over 13 Years

Background: Ocular trauma is a major preventable cause of visual morbidity and a leading cause of monocular blindness. Pellet injury is one of the causes of major ocular trauma. It needs extensive medical care and vocational rehabilitation. It has significant impact on global health Methods: This retrospective study was conducted from medical records of 25 patients with ocular pellet gun injury admitted in National Institute of Ophthalmology and hospital, Dhaka from 2011 to 2023. Results: Out of the 25 patients, 13 (52.0%) were more than 25 years age group while the mean age of the patients was 25.5 (±4.6) years. All of the patients were male. Among them 23 (92.0%) had unilateral eye involvement. Pellets caused perforating injuries in 12 (44.4%) eyes while in 9 (33.3%) eyes had closed globe injury. Vitreous hemorrhage in 21 (77.8%) eyes, retinal hemorrhage in 16 (59.3%) eyes, retinal tear in 15 (55.6%) eyes, while few (7.4%) had macular injury and 4 (14.8%) eyes suffered from traumatic optic neuropathy Majority of the eyes (15;55.6%) underwent PPV while 12 (44.4%) eyes were managed by conservative management. At baseline, only one eye (3.7%) had visual acuity 6/60 or better. Sixteen eyes (59.3%) had visual acuity <1/60 and 8 eyes (29.6%) had NPL. Six months after treatment, two eyes (7.4%) had visual acuity 6/60 or better. Visual acuity was <1/60 in 7 eyes (25.9%) while 17 eyes (63.0%) had NPL. Finally, sixteen eyes (59.3%) developed phthisis bulbi while 3 (11.1%) eyes were normal. Conclusion: This study highlights the bad impact of pellet injury to the society due to poor visual and anatomical outcomes despite of immediate surgical intervention. Protective eyewear should be used during wartime and protests and decision makers should ban use of pellet gun on the civilians.

Intraocular Epithelial Ingrowth after Traumatic and Surgical Corneal Injuries.

Intraocular epithelial ingrowth is a rare but serious complication of eye surgery or trauma. The diagnosis is challenging but can be aided by techniques such as anterior optical coherence tomography (AS-OCT). This study aimed to compare clinical and histopathological diagnostic data to evaluate the accuracy of AS-OCT. This retrospective analysis focused on patients presenting with suspected epithelial invasion between 2017 and 2022. Clinical data and histopathological findings were analyzed for diagnostic confirmation. Immunohistochemistry using the corneal-specific marker cytokeratin 3 and the conjunctival-specific marker cytokeratin 13 helped to identify the type of invading epithelial cells. Statistical analysis was used to evaluate the effectiveness of AS-OCT for diagnosis. This study included 51 patients who underwent keratoplasty or enucleation. Sixteen cases (31%) of epithelial ingrowth were histologically confirmed. The most common type was the cystic form (82%). Enucleation was required in 25% of patients, mainly due to diffuse epithelial invasion. Immunohistochemistry revealed a conjunctival origin in 82% of the infiltrated cells. AS-OCT showed a sensitivity of 78% and a specificity of 26% in detecting hyperreflective structures associated with epithelial invasion. This study highlights the diverse manifestations of epithelial ingrowth and the need for improved diagnostic techniques, with AS-OCT showing promising results but requiring further validation to avoid misdiagnosis.

Clinical Report on the Epidemiology of Pediatric Dog Bite-Associated Ocular Injuries.

Clinical Report on the Epidemiology of Pediatric Dog Bite-Associated Ocular Injuries.

Pattern of Medicolegal Ocular Trauma in Cases of Assault and Its Visual Outcome in An Outpatient Department of a Tertiary Care Hospital

Purpose: To determine the pattern of medicolegalocular traumaand its visual outcome in cases of assault presenting in the outpatient department of ophthalmology. Study Design: Descriptive cross-sectional study. Place and Duration of Study: Abbasi Shaheed Hospital, Karachi Medical and dental college (KMDC), from January, 2020 to June, 2022. Methods: This study included 199 patients of assault, registered as medicolegal cases and referred for examination by a police surgeon.Findings were recorded on a pre designed proforma and categorised according to Bermingham Eye Trauma Terminology (BETT). The results were presented in frequencies. Results: The study analyzed ocular injuries in a group of participants, predominantly male (81.9%), with a mean age of 34 years. The majority of injuries were closed-globe (70.4%), primarily occurring in Zone 1. Pre-treatment visual acuity was generally high, with 85.4% of patients having 20/20-20/40 vision, which improved slightly to 87.4% post-treatment. Open-globe injuries were rare (1.0%) and also confined to Zone 1. The most common trauma setting was the home, and the most frequent cause of injury was assault using a fist. Conclusion: Majority of the patients were young males who suffered trauma at home and fist was the most common causative agent. The study highlights the prevalence of closed-globe injuries, the effectiveness of treatment in preserving visual acuity, and the domestic nature of most ocular traumas.

Ocular findings in the evaluation of abusive head trauma in children.

Abusive head trauma (AHT) is a form of child physical abuse that can result in major ocular injuries. This study describes the clinical presentation and ocular manifestations of infants diagnosed with AHT in a tertiary care center in Saudi Arabia. This is an observational, retrospective, cross-sectional study from 2015 to 2022 conducted at King Abdullah Specialized Children's Hospital (KASCH) in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. Inclusion criteria include infants <2 years of age, diagnosed with AHT that had an eye examination as part of the evaluation. A total of 25 (50 eyes) cases of AHT had an eye examination documented in the electronic patients' records. The majority were males 19 (76%), and <6 months of age 10 (40%). About half of the children were healthy 13 (52%), and 12 (48%) had underlying physical illness. All patients had computed tomography scans. Subdural bleeding was noted in 22 (88%), 1 (4%) had epidural, and 4 (16%) had subarachnoid bleed. External ocular signs were noted in 8 (32%) patients only, including raccoon eyes, periorbital bruises, subconjunctival hemorrhage, and nonfixating eyes. Fundus findings were bilateral in 18 (72%), unilateral in 2 (8%), and normal in 5 (20%). In those with findings, the majority of 34 (68%) eyes had multiple retinal hemorrhages, 4 (8%) had vitreous hemorrhages, 2 (4%) retinal detachments, and 1 (2%) retinoschisis. Fundus examination is an important part of the comprehensive examination of children with suspected AHT; the majority of patients had an abnormal fundus examination with the tendency of bilateral findings.

Occupational Eye Injuries and Gender: A Single Center Based Study

Occupational Eye Injuries and Gender: A Single Center Based Study

Markers and Predictors of Proliferative Vitreoretinopathy in Open Eye Injury in an Experiment

The objective of the study: to analyze characteristics of a standardized model of type B gunshot open global injury (open injury without intraocular foreign body).Methods: The experiment was carried out on 36 rabbits (71 eyes). Simulation of type B gunshot open global injury (GOEI) was accomplished using pump equipment. The complex of modern standard and high­technology diagnostic methods to study characteristics of type B GOEI in the control period was performed. Biomicroscopy, ophthalmoscopy, optical coherence tomography, electroretinography, ultrasound examination, MRI, enzyme multiplied immunoassay to determine vitreous fibronectin, and pathomorphological study of the eye globe were carried out. Non­parametric statistical methods of data analysis were used.Results: The above diagnostic methods being used, the GOEI experimental model characteristics were determined, including proliferative vitreoretinopathy (PVR) i.e.incidence rate and dynamics.Conclusion. High reproducibility (77–100 %) of microlevel signs of type B GOEI experimental model was demonstrated, that evidenced standardization of the developed model. The viability of the use of hyphema and hemophthalmia as the PVR and GOEI predictors was justified on the basis of correlation analysis in experiment. The analysis of proliferative signs being made when using different study methods (pathomorphological, indirect ophthalmoscopy, optical coherence tomography, ultrasound examination and MRI) proved their application as PVR markers possible. The interchangeability of the study methods used for PVR diagnosis was also justified.

Acute Corneal Edema in an Arabian Horse: A Case Report

Introduction: Due to the vulnerable position of the eye, eye injuries are very common in horses. Lack of effective and prompt treatment of eye injuries leads to blindness. Most of the trauma to the horse's eye is the blunt type and usually causes more severe injuries than sharp blows. However, in all these cases, at first, acute uveitis with different severities occurred, which requires quick treatment and can have different consequences. Case report: A two-year-old male Arabian horse with a history of ocular trauma for 4 days to the right eye was referred to the large animal clinic of the School of Veterinary Medicine, Shiraz University, Iran. All other clinical signs, including temperature, respiratory rate, appetite, and mental state were normal. Ocular examination revealed extensive corneal edema, elevated intraocular pressure (IOP) detected by palpation of the globe, blepharospasm, conjunctival hyperemia, miosis, and epiphora. Eye disorder was diagnosed as acute corneal edema and traumatic uveitis. Treatment included administration of flunixin meglumine for three days, atropine eye drops once a day, latanoprost eye drops once a day, gentamicin, and ciprofloxacin eye drops three times daily, and eye wash with saline 0.9% solution twice a day. The treatment continued for 2 weeks and resulted in complete healing which confirmed the diagnosis. The treated horse had a positive response to the therapy and fully recovered within 20 days. No relapse or complications were observed during the final check-up. Conclusion: Acute uveitis is a common complication following blunt trauma to the eye and is diagnosed by clinical symptoms. Since this situation could have a devastating consequence on vision, immediate diagnosis and treatment are essential to achieve the desired result. The treatment of these patients is symptomatic treatment based on anti-inflammatory, mydriatic, and antibiotics. Depending on the patient's condition, the use of other drugs, such as intraocular pressure reducers may be helpful and essential to prevent or treat complications, including glaucoma.

Skull Shape Traumatic White Cataract

A 32 years old male patient presented to the Ophthalmology Department reporting a progressive decrease in vision in his right eye (OD) in the past year. He reported a history of blunt right eye injury while 18 months ago. At the time of the injury, the patient was asymptomatic. After the incident occurred, the patient did not have a further ophthalmic examination.

Metabolomics Analysis of Rabbit Plasma after Ocular Exposure to Vapors of Sulfur Mustard.

Sulfur mustard (SM) is a highly potent alkylating vesicant agent and remains a relevant threat to both civilians and military personnel. The eyes are the most sensitive organ after airborne SM exposure, causing ocular injuries with no antidote or specific therapeutics available. In order to identify relevant biomarkers and to obtain a deeper understanding of the underlying biochemical events, we performed an untargeted metabolomics analysis using liquid chromatography coupled to high-resolution mass spectrometry of plasma samples from New Zealand white rabbits ocularly exposed to vapors of SM. Metabolic profiles (332 unique metabolites) from SM-exposed (n = 16) and unexposed rabbits (n = 8) were compared at different time intervals from 1 to 28 days. The observed time-dependent changes in metabolic profiles highlighted the profound dysregulation of the sulfur amino acids, the phenylalanine, the tyrosine and tryptophan pathway, and the polyamine and purine biosynthesis, which could reflect antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities. Taurine and 3,4-dihydroxy-phenylalanine (Dopa) seem to be specifically related to SM exposure and correspond well with the different phases of ocular damage, while the dysregulation of adenosine, polyamines, and acylcarnitines might be related to ocular neovascularization. Additionally, neither cysteine, N-acetylcysteine, or guanine SM adducts were detected in the plasma of exposed rabbits at any time point. Overall, our study provides an unprecedented view of the plasma metabolic changes post-SM ocular exposure, which may open up the development of potential new treatment strategies.

Résultats fonctionnels et facteurs pronostiques des traumatismes oculaires par armes à feu chez les militaires en zones de conflits au Cameroun

Purpose: To study prognostic factors and functional visual outcomes of soldiers after firearm-related ocular trauma in the conflict zone.Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional analytical study was carried out from January 2017 to December 2022 in the ophthalmology departments of three military hospitals. Soldiers with firearm-related ocular trauma were selected. Epidemiological and clinical data, prognostic factors and functional outcomes were studied. Statistical analyses were performed using IBM-SPSS version 23.0 software. Univariate and multivariate analyses were performed, and a p-value < 0.05 was considered statistically significant.Results: A total of 162 eyes of 136 patients were included. The mean age was 28.93 ± 6.52 years. All patients were male. Improvised firearms were the most frequent cause (77%). Bilateral involvement was observed in 26 patients (19.1%). The mean visual acuity of the affected eyes was 1.66 ± 1.04 logMAR on admission. Closed globe injuries predominated (72%). The most frequent anatomical lesions of the globe were hyphema (23.4%) and vitreous hemorrhage (19.7%). The mean final visual acuity was 1.38 ± 1.17 logMAR, and blindness was observed in 50% of eyes. Factors influencing final visual acuity were type of trauma, initial visual acuity, hyphema and vitreous hemorrhage.Conclusion: Blindness due to firearm-related eye injuries in the conflict zone of Cameroon is common. Wearing protective glasses or visors might reduce its frequency.

Comparison of the effectiveness of different corneal curvature measurement methods for IOL implantation in traumatic aphakic eyes with corneal injury.

To assess the refractive outcomes of secondary intraocular lenses (IOL) in patients with traumatic aphakic eyes with corneal penetrating injury and compare different corneal curvature measurement methods. Patients with unilateral penetrating eye injuries underwent corneal wound repair and cataract extraction, followed by secondary IOL implantation. Corneal curvature measurements were taken on the contralateral healthy eye (Group A), from the affected eye before removing corneal sutures (Group B), or after suture removal (Group C). The refractive outcomes were compared among the three groups. The study included 261 eyes. The Mean Absolute Error (MAE) in Group C (0.99 ± 0.85 D) was significantly smaller than that in Group A (1.87 ± 1.71 D) and Group B (1.37 ± 1.20 D) (both P < 0.001). Moreover, the percentage of eyes with IOL prediction errors within ± 0.50 D in Group C (40%) was higher than that in group A (21.7%) (OR = 2.364, 95%CI: 1.272-4.392, P = 0.006) and group B (28.0%) (OR = 1.714, 95%CI: 0.948-3.099, P = 0.073), and the percentage of eyes with IOL prediction errors within ± 1.0 D in Group C (90.9%) was higher than that in group A (67.9%) (OR = 4.758, 95%CI: 2.131-10.626, P < 0.001) and group B (75.0%) (OR = 3.370, 95%CI: 1.483-7.660, P = 0.003) as well. In traumatic aphakic eyes with corneal sutures, IOL power calculation based on the corneal curvature of the injured eye after removing the corneal sutures yields the best refractive outcomes.

Fusarioid keratitis and other superficial infections: A 10-years prospective study from Northeastern Brazil.

Fusarium and allied genera (fusarioid) species are common colonizers of roots and aerial plant parts, or act as phytopathogens in forestry and horticultural or grain crops. However, they can also cause a wide range of infections in humans, including onychomycosis, cutaneous and invasive infections. Fusarioid keratitis is characterized by an infection of the cornea with a suppurative and ulcerative appearance, which may cause damage to vision and permanent blindness. The aim of the present study was to investigate the prevalence of fusarioid species, biofilm formation and antifungal susceptibility profiling of clinical isolates recovered from patients with keratitis and dermatomycoses. The study was performed between March, 2012-December, 2022. Demographic, clinical and epidemiological data of patients were also collected. In the present study, most of the patients with keratitis were male (74%), had a median age of 42 years old, worked with plant material or debris and 26% of them reported eye trauma. Regarding dermatomycosis, most of patients were female and exhibited toenail lesions. Forty-seven isolates belonged to the genus Neocosmospora (78.33%), nine to the Fusarium fujikuroi (15%) and four to the Fusarium oxysporum (6.66%) species complexes. Several strains were moderate biofilm producers, specifically among Fusarium annulatum. Most strains showed increased MICs to amphotericin B and ketoconazole and low MICs to itraconazole. MICs ranged from 0.25 to 16 μg/mL for amphotericin B, 0.0625 to >16 μg/mL for ketoconazole and 0.125 to 8 for itraconazole. It is possible to conclude that fusarioid keratitis in Northeastern Brazil is an important and neglected disease, given the high number of cases, increased need for keratoplasty and poor outcome of the disease.

The Diagnosis and Treatment of a Post-traumatic Iris Cyst Referred as an Iris Tumor

Purpose: We report the diagnosis and treatment of a secondary iris cyst in a patient referred for an iris tumor.Case summary: A 29-year-old man diagnosed with an anterior chamber mass of the left eye was referred to our center for further evaluation and management. Twenty years previously, he suffered a penetrating ocular injury of his left eye and underwent primary closure. He had no underlying systemic disease. At his initial visit, the best corrected visual acuity of his left eye was 0.5. A whitish-gray mass was observed within the anterior chamber from 1 o'clock to 5 o'clock, obscuring the pupil. Anterior segment optical coherence tomography revealed a cystic mass touching the retrocorneal surface. No other lesions were seen on orbital imaging or ocular ultrasonography. Ultimately, it was diagnosed as an iris cyst that occurred secondary to ocular trauma. After needle aspiration and intracystic injection of 99% ethanol, the cyst collapsed fully. However, a cataract developed within a few months, and phacoemulsification and intraocular lens implantation were performed. Seven months after cyst aspiration, the uncorrected visual acuity of the left eye had recovered to 0.5. The cyst still adhered to the corneal endothelium, remaining in its collapsed state. The current corneal endothelial cell density is 871 cells/mm&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt;.Conclusions: A secondary iris cyst was diagnosed in a patient with a history of penetrating eye trauma and surgery. It was treated successfully with needle aspiration and intracystic alcohol injection.