Extraversion Research Articles

The Realization of Communication Strategies Used by Extrovert and Introvert Students in Conversation

This research aimed to analyse and explain the realization of communication strategies by extrovert and introvert students in conversation. The subject was the fourth semester students in Walisongo State Islamic University. This research employed the descriptive qualitative. I used questionnaire to determine the students’ personality. Recording is needed to obtain the data then followed by transcribing and analyzing the data. The result reveals that extrovert students realized four kinds of communication strategies and do introvert. The similarities were found in the percentage rating of realization which stalling or time-gaining strategies was most used in the conversation. Students tended to use this strategy to maintain the conversation. The next similarity was the way of their realization of communication strategies. They also used those strategies for the same purpose and function. For the differences between extrovert and introvert students, it was found that frequency of the realization was different. The extrovert students tended to more dominant in all strategies than introvert. It showed that extrovert students often used achievement strategies, stalling or time-gaining strategies, and self-monitoring strategies than introvert. In interactional strategies, the introvert tended to use interactional strategies more often than extrovert.

Causal Relationship between Extroversion and Stress, Cultural Self-Efficacy, and Life Satisfaction of Participants in Culture and Arts Leisure Activities: Focused on Participants in Continuous Social Dance

Causal Relationship between Extroversion and Stress, Cultural Self-Efficacy, and Life Satisfaction of Participants in Culture and Arts Leisure Activities: Focused on Participants in Continuous Social Dance

Personality Predictions Based on User Behavior on the Facebook Social Media Platform

With the development of social networks, a large variety of approaches have been developed to define users' personalities based on their social activities and language use habits. Particular approaches differ with regard to different machine learning algorithms, data sources, and feature sets. The goal of this paper is to investigate the predictability of the personality traits of Facebook users based on different features and measures of the Big 5 model. We examine the presence of structures of social networks and linguistic features relative to personality interactions using the my Personality project data set. We analyze and compare four machine learning models and perform the correlation between each of the feature sets and personality traits. The results for the prediction accuracy show that even if tested under the same data set, the personality prediction system built on the XGBoost classifier outperforms the average baseline for all the feature sets, with a highest prediction accuracy of 74.2%. The best prediction performance was reached for the extra version trait by using the individual social network analysis features set, which achieved a higher personality prediction accuracy of 78.6%.

DIRECT AND INDIRECT EFFECTS OF PERSONALITY TYPE AND LEARNING STYLE PREFERENCES ON STUDENTS’ ACHIEVEMENT IN SENIOR SECONDARY SCHOOL BIOLOGY IN OSUN STATE, NIGERIA

Poor performance of students in Biology has been attributed generally to factors relating to the home, school and the students themselves. Previous studies have investigated personality type and learning style preferences in relation to students’ achievement in tertiary institutions rather than at the secondary school level. This study was therefore conducted to examine the effects of Myer’s Briggs personality type- ESTJ (Extroversion, Sensing, Thinking, Judging) and VAK (Visual, Auditory, Kinesthetic) learning style preferences on students’ achievement in Biology at the Senior Secondary School (SSS) level. Three instruments [Cognitive Type Inventory (CTI), VAK Learning Style Indicators (VLSI), and Biology Achievement Test (BAT)] were administered on 1,480 SSS II Biology students. The results were presented using path analysis and multiple regressions. It was established that five hypothesized predictor variables (age, extroversion, sensing, thinking and kinesthetic) had direct effects on Biology achievement. On the other hand, only three hypothesized predictor variables (gender, age and thinking) had indirect effects on Biology achievement. However, sensing and kinesthetic preferences had the most significant direct effects on Biology achievement. Also, sensing had the highest total causal effect on Biology achievement. Students should be encouraged to develop improve and exhibit sensing and kinesthetic preferences when learning Biology. Article visualizations:

Extroversion, mental practice and imagery in the acquisition of the cartwheel

O presente trabalho teve como objetivos (1) investigar os efeitos da prática física (PF) associada à prática mental (PM) com mentalização interna (MI) e externa (ME) na aprendizagem da habilidade “estrela” da ginástica artística e (2) correlacionar escores de extroversão e de desempenho na tarefa. Trinta adolescentes (12,93 ± 0,73 anos) foram designadas a dois grupos: 1) PF seguida de PM com ME (n=15) e 2) PF seguida de PM com MI (n=15). O delineamento constou de pré-teste, aquisição, pós-teste, retenção e transferência (todas as fases foram fi lmadas, exceto a aquisição). Os registros em vídeo foram analisados por meio de uma lista de checagem da estrela. O Eysenck Personality Questionnaire foi utilizado para classifi car as participantes quanto a níveis de extroversão. As análises apontaram que houve melhora de desempenho dentro de cada grupo (do pré-teste para os outros testes), mas que em nenhuma das fases houve qualquer diferença signifi cativa entre os grupos. No entanto, uma correlação positiva e moderada foi detectada entre os escores de extroversão e de desempenho no grupo ME. Esses achados reforçam a importância da PM como estratégia complementar à PF e sinalizam a existência de relação entre extroversão, desempenho da estrela e perspectiva de mentalização.

The influence of Rosenthal effect on the psychological status of pregnant women at risk of miscarriage in early pregnancy

Objective To explore the influence of Rosenthal effect on the psychological status of pregnant women at risk of miscarriage in early pregnancy. Methods From January 2014 to June 2015 151 cases of early pregnancy abortion risk women were set as the control group, and was given conventional psychological intervention. From July 2015 to December 2016 135 cases of early pregnancy abortion risk women were named as the observation group by convenient sampling selection, which was given interventionbased on Rosenthal effect on the basis of routine psychological intervention. The Self-rating Depression Scale (SDS) and the Self-rating Anxiety Scale (SAS) score, the introversion and extroversion scores and the satisfaction degree with intervention were compared between the two groups before and after the intervention. Results There was no significant difference in SDS and SAS scores, inotropic challenge and extroversion challenge between the two groups before treatment (P>0.05). The scores of SDS and SAS, the inotropic challenge and extroversion challenge scores were 41.45 ± 4.26, 40.34 ± 5.82, 4.76 ± 1.03, 5.55 ± 1.26 in the observation group after intervention, and 47.22 ± 3.93,47.18± 7.04,5.39 ± 1.12, 6.43 ± 1.86 respectively in the control group. There were significant difference in scores of SDS and SAS, the inotropic challenge and extroversion challenge (t=2.215-2.573, P<0.05). The satisfaction rates of the observation group and the control group were 93.32% (126/135) and 74.17% (112/151) respectively, the difference was statistically significant (χ2=5.921, P<0.05). Conclusions The intervention based on Rosenthal effect on the basis of conventional psychological intervention for early pregnancy abortion risk women can relieve negative emotions such as anxiety and depression, besides it can also improve satisfaction degree of inpatients with intervention. Key words: Rosenthal effect; Hospitalization; Risk of miscarriage in early pregnancy; Psychological status

The role of introverted personality and social support in the mediating effects of depression and loneliness for medical students

Objective To explore the effect of depression on loneliness in medical students', and the mediating effects of introverted personality and social support. Methods EPQ, UCLA, SSRS, and POMS questionnaire were used, and surveyed data was collected from Dalian Medical University medical students. Results The scores of depressive mood, introverted personality, social support and loneliness were (17.77±4.45), (11.97±5.21), (34.52±6.15) and (38.02±6.36). Depression was positively related to loneliness and introverted personality (r=0.286, 0.508, P<0.01), and social support was negatively related to loneliness (r=-0.443, P<0.01). Introverted personality was positively related to loneliness(r=0.401, P<0.01). The total effect value was 0.670.The mediating effect of introversion as mediator variable was 0.221, accounting for 33% of the total effect.Social support as intermediary variable, intermediary effect value was 0.449, accounting for 67% of the total effect.Standard value of mediating effect between depression and introverted personality showed as 0.508 (95%CI=0.475-0.725, P<0.01), standard value of mediating effect between depression and social support showed as -0.150 (95%CI=0.989-1.469, P<0.01), introverted personality was the mediating variant of depression and loneliness, standard value of mediating effect was 0.156 (95%CI=0.080-0.232, P<0.01), social support was the mediating variant of depression and loneliness, standard value of mediating effect was 0.317 (95%CI=0.177-0.457, P<0.01). Conclusions Introverted personality and social support play an intermediary role between depression and loneliness. Key words: Medical student; Loneliness; Multiple mediation models; Personality; Social support

L’expérience totalitaire en Europe : destruction et aliénation des individus dans l’œuvre de fiction de Katrina Kalda

La historia literaria contemporánea, relacionada con la experiencia totalitaria de los países de la Europa del Este, se manifiesta como un marco muy rico abierto al análisis de los comportamientos de los individuos sometidos a las exigencias del sistema. Partiendo de un corpus de dos novelas escritas por Katrina Kalda (1980), escritora exiliada originaria de la Europa del Este, presentaremos unas trayectorias (femeninas) ilustrativas de las consecuencias de una organización que destruye a los individuos en favor de la noción de Estado. La introversión, el silencio, la parálisis, la alienación mental y finalmente el suicidio y el exilio son la manifestación más representativa de una galería de personajes que actúan en la frontera de lo inverosímil y la insumisión. La novela, según Milan Kundera (1986; 2006), ofrece la mejor vía de expresión de una problemática existencial, la pérdida y la degradación de los valores. El autor y sus personajes oprimidos denuncian los abusos de una organización social destructiva a lo largo de varias décadas.

Social network profiling for cultural heritage: combining data from direct and indirect approaches

The work argues for quick profiling methods from social networks for use in cultural heritage applications. Explicit (inquiries about user actions, like game playing) and implicit (observations from user actions on social networks) methods are tested, in an attempt to extract user personality profiles and in particular cognitive style profiles, using the MBTI tool. Qualitative and quantitative approaches have been applied to validate the results. So far, it seems that users’ cognitive profiles can be predicted from social media observations and user actions (i.e., playing games) for 3 out of the 4 MBTI dimensions. There seem to be relatively accurate predictions for the dimensions Judging–Perceiving and Extraversion–Introversion. Sensing–Intuition is a little more difficult to predict. Currently, the Thinking–Feeling dimension cannot be predicted from the existing data. Future works will concentrate on improving the prediction rate for the Sensing–Intuition dimensions and discovering ways to predict the Thinking–Sensing dimension from social network information.

A structural equation model on some influencing factors of suicide ideation among military personnel

Objective To explore the relationship among personality traits, aggression, depression, anxiety and suicide ideation by developing a structural equation model. Methods A total of 2 141 participants derived from a stratified random cluster sampling were investigated with Eysenck personality questionnaire(EPQ), aggression questionnaire(AQ), patient health questionnaire depression scale(PHQ-9) , generalized anxiety disorder scale(GAD-7) and Beck depression inventory(BDI-13). Results In EPQ, the scores of neuroticism, extroversion and psychoticism were (40.00±5.84), (59.84±7.02)and (36.63±6.41) respectively. In AQ, the scores of physical aggression, verbal aggression and anger were (32.41±5.15), (30.43±7.24), and (34.39±6.09) respectively. The median scores of PHQ-9 and GAD-7 were 5 and 6, and the inter-quartile range were 4 and 5. The suicide ideation was correlated with measurement indicator respectively(r=-0.19-0.40, P<0.01). Aggression and depression directly affected suicide ideation(direct effect was 0.27, 0.24 respectively) and aggression indirectly affected suicide ideation trough anxiety(indirect effect was 0.02). Personality traits indirectly affected suicide ideation through aggression, anxiety and depression(indirect effect was 0.40). Anxiety indirectly affected suicide ideation through depression(indirect effect was 0.13). Conclusion Personality traits, aggression, anxiety and depression affect suicide ideation, and these factors have different effecting mechanism. Key words: Personality traits; Aggression; Depression; Anxiety; Suicide ideation

A quantitative anatomical study of ideal insertion pathway of anterior axis pedicle screw fixation

Objective To explore an ideal screw insertion point and optimal trajectory for anterior axis pedicle screw (AAPS) so as to provide an anatomical basis for AAPS placement. Methods CT scan of the cervical spine was performed for 40 healthy Chinese adults. Then, the CT data were imported into the Mimics software to reconstruct the three-dimensional images of the axes. The data were divided into two groups according to the gender. The following data were measured: pedicle centerline minimal diameter on both left and right sides, pedicle axial length, the distance between entrance point and upper endplate, the distance between entrance point and median sagittal plane, the distance between entrance point and peak of crista lambdoidalis of C2 vertebral body, extraversion angle and sagittal angle. The screw fixation parameters for AAPS were measured using the Mimics software. Results There was no statistical difference between the left and right sides as well as between the genders(P>0.05). The entrance point for insertion of AAPS was recommended to be on (4.39±0.67)mm from the upper endplate, and on (3.95±0.44)mm from the median sagittal plane. The ideal pedicle axial length was (34.15±2.93)mm, and the pedicle centerline minimal diameter was (7.04±0.87)mm. The distance between the entrance point and the peak of crista lambdoidalis of C2 vertebral body was (1.45±0.19)mm. The ideal extraversion angle was (30.80±2.79)°, and the ideal sagittal angle was (36.35±3.26)°. Conclusion The ideal insertion pathway of AAPS placement can avoid spinal canal, foramen intervertebrale and other important anatomical structure, which is feasible in regard of anatomy. The insertion point can refer to the peak of crista lambdoidalis of C2 vertebral body. However, AAPS placement should be individualized in term of its anatomy variability. Key words: Axis; Pedicle screws; Anatomy

The relationship between the level of hope and personality, care of burden in the primary caregivers of advanced cancer patients

Objective To investigate the level of hope, personality characteristics and the care of burden of the primary caregivers of advanced cancer patients, and to analyze the correlation between the level of hope and personality characteristics and care of burden. Methods 201 primary caregivers of terminal cancer patients were selected from May to September in 2016. HHI, NEO-FFI and ZBI were used to investigate the participants. Results The hope of the participants were all in moderate to high levels. The level of hope of the participants was significantly positively correlated with the scores of extraversion and conscientiousness (r=0.165, 0.235, P<0.05) . It was significantly negatively correlated with neuroticism, openness, agreeableness and burden care, r=-0.258--0.179, P<0.05. Conclusions The medical staff should give interventions timely according to the personality characteristics and care burden of the main caregivers of patients with advanced cancer, so that the level of hope could be improved in order to improve their psychological health. Key words: Advanced cancer; Caregivers; Hope level; Personality; Care burden

How do medium naturalness and personality traits shape academic achievement and perceived learning? An experimental study of face-to-face and synchronous e-learning

This controlled experiment examined how academic achievement and cognitive, emotional and social aspects of perceived learning are affected by the level of medium naturalness (face-to-face, one-way and two-way videoconferencing) and by learners’ personality traits (extroversion–introversion and emotional stability–neuroticism). The Media Naturalness Theory explains the degree of medium naturalness by comparing its characteristics to face-to-face communication, considered to be the most natural form of communication. A total of 76 participants were randomly assigned to three experimental conditions: face-to-face, one-way and two-way videoconferencing. E-learning conditions were conducted through Zoom videoconferencing, which enables natural and spontaneous communication. Findings shed light on the trade-off involved in media naturalness: one-way videoconferencing, the less natural learning condition, enhanced the cognitive aspect of perceived learning but compromised the emotional and social aspects. Regarding the impact of personality, neurotic students tended to enjoy and succeed more in face-to-face learning, whereas emotionally stable students enjoyed and succeeded in all of the learning conditions. Extroverts tended to enjoy more natural learning environments but had lower achievements in these conditions. In accordance with the ‘poor get richer’ principle, introverts enjoyed environments with a low level of medium naturalness. However, they remained focused and had higher achievements in the face-to-face learning.(Published 13 July 2017)Citation: Research in Learning Technology 2017, 25: 1945 - http://dx.doi.org/10.25304/rlt.v25.1974

The Myths and Truths of Introversion

The Myths and Truths of Introversion

Adults Who Sext: Exploring Differences In Self-Esteem, Moral Foundations, And Personality

This study assessed the prevalence of sexting behaviors among adults, and the relationship between sexting and moral foundations, self-esteem, and individual differences. Additionally, this study examined differences in the methods used to send sext messages (mobile applications vs. text messages) and image content (e.g., face, masturbating). Respondents solicited through Amazon’s Mechanical Turk completed the anonymous survey measuring “attitudes toward sexting.” The final sample included 508 adult participants; 68% of adults reported sexting behaviors, and both mobile applications and traditional text messages were used to send sext messages. In general, individuals who scored higher on extraversion and lower on conscientiousness, agreeableness, harm, and fairness were more likely to engage in sexting behaviors. Self-esteem was not associated with any sexting behaviors. Results also found significant differences between individuals who send semi-nude and nude sext messages. Limitations and future research suggestions are discussed.

Personality and Creativity as Predictors of Psychological Well-Being in Caregivers of Person with Chronic Mental Illness

Well-being is a Dynamic concept that comprises Personal, Emotional, Social, Psychological, and Spiritual dimensions along with health related behaviors. The present research was conducted to find out whether Psychological well-being in Caregivers of Person with chronic mental Illness can be predicted by Personality Dispositions and Creativity. We assume that Psychological well-being is likely to be predicted by personality Dispositions. Low level of neuroticism, high levels of extraversion, openness, agreeableness, and conscientiousness and creativity. 100 caregivers of Person with chronic mental Illness were selected through Purposive Sampling technique from the Private clinics and Private Psychiatric Hospitals. NEO Five Factor Inventory (Costa & McCrae, 1992), Creative Behavior Inventory (Hocevar, 1979) and Psychological Well-being Scale (Ryff, 1995) were administered to the caregivers of Person with chronic mental Illness. The findings of our study revealed that Psychological Well-Being is predicted by high level of Extraversion and Conscientiousness and low level of Neuroticism after controlling the demographic variables (i.e., age, gender, weekly hours on caregiving & job). The findings of this study revealed that increasing extraversion and conscientiousness among Caregivers can eventually help in promoting Psychological well-being.

Personality traits that differentiate Attendants of Higher-Education Online Courses

This study utilized the ten aspects of the Big Five personality system to detect differences in personality traits between attendants of higher education online courses and attendants of higher education face-to-face courses. Distance education theoreticians have formulated hypotheses on the personality traits that make the Autonomy, Connectedness, Diversity, and Openness attributes of the connectivist learning model attractive. 753 participants in executive extension courses of a Peruvian university in Lima (mean age = 34.62 years) filled-in an online questionnaire which included the Big Five Aspect Scales. Whereas none of the Big Five factors discriminated between attendants and non-attendants of online courses, the former emerged as significantly higher in Industriousness (an aspect of Conscientiousness) and lower in Orderliness (the second aspect of Conscientiousness) and Enthusiasm (an aspect of Extraversion) than the latter. Theoretical and practical implications of the findings are addressed and the conduct of confirmatory studies outside Peru and involving MOOCs is recommended.

Extrovert Personality Type and Prolonged Second Stage of Labor

Personality can affect individual’s response that implicate in duration of labor. Previous studies showed relationship between personality and duration of labor. People with extrovert personality type (type A) tend to be more susceptible to stress than introvert personality type (type B). This study aimed to determine correlation between extrovert personality type and prolonged second stage of labor by considering external variables such as maternal education, economy, age and parity. A case control study was conducted on 156 parturient women who fulfilled the inclusion criteria of study, such as in Yogyakarta in 2015. Case samples were 52 women with prolonged second stage of labor and control were 104 women with normal second stage of labor. Purposive sampling method was used. Personality type assessment used type A/B questionnaire of Jenkins Activity Survey. Data analysis used logistic regression. Results showed that 80.8% prolonged second stage of labor occurred in type A mothers and 19.2% in type B mothers. Extrovert personality type had a significant correlation with prolonged second stage of labor (p value = 0.00). Type A mothers have a risk 8.2 times (95% CI: 3.7-18.4) of prolonged second stage of labor than type B mothers after be controlled with economic status, parity, maternal education and age.AbstrakKepribadian dapat memengaruhi respons individu yang dapat berdampak pada proses persalinan lama. Penelitian sebelumnya menunjukkan adanya hubungan kepribadian dengan waktu persalinan. Tipe kepribadian ekstrover (tipe A) cenderung lebih rentan terhadap stres dibandingkan orang dengan tipe kepribadian introvert (tipe B). Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui hubungan tipe kepribadian ekstrover dan variabel luar (pendidikan, ekonomi, usia ibu dan paritas) dengan persalinan kala II lama. Studi kasus kontrol dilakukan pada 156 ibu bersalin yang memenuhi kriteria inklusi pada tahun 2015 di Yogyakarta. Sampel kasus adalah 52 ibu dengan persalinan kala II lama dan kontrol adalah 104 ibu dengan persalinan kala II normal. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode purposive sampling. Tipe kepribadian dinilai menggunakan kuesioner tipe A/B Jenkins Activity Survey. Analisis data menggunakan regresi logistik. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan 80,8% kala II persalinan lama terjadi pada ibu dengan kepribadian tipe Adan 19,2% pada ibu dengan kepribadian tipe B. Tipe kepribadian ekstrover memiliki hubungan signifikan terhadap kala II persalinan lama (nilai p = 0,00). Ibu dengan kepribadian tipe A berisiko 8.2 kali (95% CI: 3,7-18,4) mengalami persalinan kala II lama dibandingkan ibu dengan kepribadian tipe B setelah dikontrol variabel status ekonomi, paritas, pendidikan dan usia ibu.

INVOLVEMENT AND COMMUNICATION ON FACE BOOK: EXPLORING INTERACTION PATTERNS OF PERSONALITY AND ADULT ATTACHMENT STYLES

The study is intended to explore individuals’ involvement and interaction on Facebook as an outcome of personality dimensions,and attachment styles. Participants (N=383) Facebook users included 60.3% females with an age range of 18-27 years (means = 22.47±2.91). Results suggested that extraversion (β=.12, p<.05) and neuroticism (β=.15, p<.05) predicted Facebook usage (intensity), and effects of neuroticism is moderated by secure attachment style (β interaction= - .23, p<.01). Social interaction on Facebook was predicted by extraversion (β=.14, p<.05) and the effects was moderated by secure attachment style (β interaction= -.16, p<.05). It is concluded that computer mediated communication on social networking sites is a complex phenomenon and shall be studied as a consequence of interaction between personal and environmental factors.

A Guide to Networking for Introverts: From Ice Breaking to Deal Making

A Guide to Networking for Introverts: From Ice Breaking to Deal Making