Extreme Sports Research Articles

Effectiveness of the integration of SPT-Drill and imagery training methods: A treatment to beat target panic in archery

Background Problems: Target panic was an experience that almost all archers went through. Research Objectives: This study aimed to minimise the symptoms of target panic in archery, including flinching, punching, freezing, and snap-shooting, by implementing the integration of the Specific Physical Training (SPT) Drill method with imagery. Methods: In this context, the method used is sports action research with the Kurt Lewin model, which consists of planning, implementation, observation, and reflection. The subjects were NPCI Kalsel Para-Archery athletes, totaling 12 athletes consisting of 9 males and 3 females. The data analysis used is descriptive-quantitative. Findings and Results: The study revealed an improvement in effectively managing panic-inducing events using the implemented method. In the initial cycle, 41.67% (5 athletes) achieved success in controlling panic, falling below the criteria. However, in the second cycle, there was a notable enhancement, reaching a success rate of 83.33% (10 athletes), meeting criteria. In the second cycle, proficiency levels showed a remarkable increase of 99.98% and a decrease of 28.58%. Conclusion: By demonstrating the effectiveness of integrating the SPT drill with imagery in alleviating target panic, this research makes a noteworthy contribution to the literature on sports psychology and archery training. The results highlight the appropriateness of this approach in improving archers' physical conditioning, fostering confidence, and subtly reshaping their perspectives on anxiety related to archery. We can say that the SPT drill with imagery worked because it got better every time from the first cycle to the next. This shows that it could be a good way to help archers who get target panic.

Personality and rock-climbing performance progression: a 12-months follow-up

ABSTRACT Although multiple investigations analysed the impact of personality on sport-related practice and outcomes, its contribution to explaining performance in high-risk or extreme sports was not thoroughly investigated. The present investigation pursues three different objectives: (1) identifying whether Five-Factor Model (FFM) personality traits are stable predictors of rock-climbing performance; (2) analysing the extent to which grit consistently explains various facets of rock-climbing performance, over and beyond the FFM traits; and (3) examining the extent to which grit is a consistent predictor of long-term rock-climbing progression. Data on rock-climbing performance was collected with a lag of 12 months after the collection of personality data. Participants (N = 113; 43 females and 70 males) with ages between 17 and 67 (M = 34.19, SD = 10.53) completed a comprehensive measure of rock-climbing performance (times 1 and 2). At time 1, personality was measured with the Big Five Inventory FFM –2 Short Form, and the 12-item Grit Scale, respectively. The International Rock Climbing Research Association (IRCRA) scale was used to measure various facets of rock-climbing performance at both times 1 and 2. Our previous findings were partly replicated, both openness to experience and grit emerging as consistent predictors of rock-climbing performance. However, no personality trait showed a significant association with climbing performance progression.

Trends in Anterior Cruciate Ligament Injury and Recovery in Professional Snowboarders: The Extreme Sport of Snowboardcross.

Introduction An anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) tear is a devastating injury for athletes that is predominantly low energy and non-contact in nature. ACL tears are one of the most well-researched injuries in sports, however, scant research has been done on competitive snowboarders.Boardercrossis a relatively new sport introduced to the Winter Olympics in 2006. Initially, it entailed four snowboarders racing head-to-head down a course of obstacles in a race to the finish, with the top two riders advancing to the next rounds. It has since expanded to six racers traveling up to 60 mph and jumps up to 100 feet in length in a head-to-head race to the finish. This extreme sport puts its athletes at risk for serious injury, requiring investigation. Purpose Investigate the prevalence of ACL tears in the extreme sport of boardercross, evaluate sport-specific factors that may put athletes at higher risk, and report return to sport data. Methods An expedited IRB approval was obtained. A survey was distributed to athletes via e-mail to national/regional coaches of countries with competitive boardercross teams. Professional coaches distributed the survey and secondarily distributed it to athletes. Results Sixty-six competitive snowboardcross athletes responded to the email surveys 48.5% of respondents had torn their ACL at least once in their career. Of the female respondents, 55.6% suffered at least one ACL tear, and 43.6% of male respondents suffered at least one ACL tear. 31.2% suffered more than one ACL tear during their career. Of those who tore their ACL, 91.3% (p <0.001) tore their front leg. 100.0% of the respondent athletes returned to sport post-ACL reconstruction. Conclusion Professional boardercross racers are at a higher risk of tearing their ACL than other winter sport athletes, including alpine skiers. A predominance of ACL injuries occurred on the front leg during landing from an aerial maneuver. All respondent athletes returned to the sport after injury, with approximately half returning within six months. Although no statistical significance was achieved, the data provided trends on risk factors related to ACL injuries among snowboardcross athletes.

A Deep Vision Learning-Based Intelligent Recognition Method for Dynamic Sports Gestures

Nowadays, artificial intelligence-assisted automatic technological analyses of sports matches have received a more general demand. Among them, the effective recognition of sports actions from videos or images acts as the most fundamental issue to be solved. As sports gestures are characterized by remarkable specialty and instantaneity, it is required to develop specific effective recognition algorithms for this purpose. As a result, this work takes the case of Taekwondo sports as an example, and introduces deep vision learning to develop a specific intelligent recognition method for dynamic sports gestures. After sampling the key frames from dynamic videos, vital joint points of limbs are first obtained as the basic bottom features. Then, gesture expertise of this domain is formed to construct a multiview feature extraction work flow to better analyze complex characteristics of each gesture. Finally, the extracted feature representation is input into a recurrent neural network structure to output the discriminative results. At last, experiments are conducted for assessment, whose results show that the proposal can reach an accuracy of 95.6% and can be well suitable for the investigated problem scenario.

INVESTIGATION OF THE ATTITUDES OF USERS OF SPORTS TOURISM ON MOUNTAIN GOČ

In this paper, the authors analyze and investigate the relevant facts of the organization and management of sports and recreational tourism in the Goč valley. Today's tourists expect a lot from tourist destinations. So today's tourists are ready to pay more. For this reason, the marketing role must be crucial for sports tourism. Mount Goč in the context of sports tourism explores the potential of Mount Goč as a destination for sports tourism. Goč mountain, located in Serbia, offers a variety of natural beauties and sports opportunities that attract lovers of active vacations. The paper analyzes the geographical location of the mountain and its accessibility, and highlights the proximity of major cities and roads as key advantages for the development of sports tourism based on the opinions of users. The mountain offers various terrains for sports activities, including hiking, cycling, skiing and snowboarding, as well as opportunities for adventure sports such as paragliding and mountain biking. Also, the paper explores the existing sports infrastructure on Goč, including tracks, sports fields and accommodation facilities. The importance of further infrastructure development for attracting sports enthusiasts and tourists is emphasized. Then the competition and demand for sports activities on Mount Goč are analyzed, including a comparison with other mountain destinations in the region. Marketing strategies and promotion of the mountain as a destination for sports tourism are also discussed. Based on all of the above, the paper concludes that Mount Goč has significant potential for the development of sports tourism, but that it is necessary to continuously invest in infrastructure and promotion in order to attract sports fans and tourists and stimulate the economic sustainability of tourism. region through this type of tourism.

Validation of machine vision and action sport cameras for 3D motion analysis model reconstruction

The study investigated the feasibility of using action sport cameras for motion analysis research. Data acquired from two different marker-based motion capture systems and six different camera combinations were analyzed for motion reconstruction accuracy. Two different calibration procedures were used to determine the influence on marker position reconstruction. Static and dynamic calibration mean merit score differences between the reference and experimental camera systems were 0.4 mm and 1.3 mm, respectively. Angular displacement difference between the reference and experimental camera systems range between 0.1 and 2.0 degrees. A systematic bias (− 0.54 to 0.19 degrees) was determined between the reference and the experimental camera systems for range of motion. The mean of the multi-trial findings suggests the machine vision camera system calibrated with a dynamic procedure generated highly accurate three-dimensional reconstructed ROM data (0.5 degree) followed closely by the four action sport cameras implementing a static calibration procedure (0.5 degree). The overall findings suggest the selected machine vision and action sport camera systems produced comparable results to the reference motion analysis system. However, the combination of camera type, processing software, and calibration procedure can influence motion reconstruction accuracy.

Peningkatan Kemampuan Akurasi Shooting Melalui Metode Drill Pada Ekstrakurikuler Futsal MAN Kota Tegal

The research based on the shooting accuracy technique skills of futsal extracurricular students at Islamic Senior High School Tegal City has not reached the maximum level. Therefore, researchers used the drill method in training to improve the shooting accuracy technique skills of futsal students at Islamic Senior High School Tegal City. This study aims to test the effectiveness of the drill method in improving a shooting accuracy technique skill in futsal extracurricular students. The method used is sports action research (PTO) involving 2 cycles. Each cycle has 9 meetings and each cycle consists of planning, implementing, observing, and reflecting. A total of 20 students were involved in this study. The results showed that there was an increase in accuracy shooting technique skills in cycle 1 and cycle 2. Initial observation of the percentage of completeness was only 21%, but in cycle 1 there was an increase to 48% and in cycle 2 the skill of shooting accuracy technique increased up to 83%. Thus, the results of the study showed that the shooting accuracy technique skills of futsal students at Islamic Senior High School Tegal City increased to a very good category. Based on these results, it can be concluded that sports action research (PTO) using the drill method can improve the shooting accuracy of futsal extracurricular students at Islamic Senior High School Tegal City.

Research and Effectiveness Analysis of Innovative Teaching Models of Physical Education in Colleges and Universities under Convergent Network Architecture

Abstract In order to realize the innovation of sports teaching mode, this paper first combines the motion capture technology and three-dimensional modeling technology, based on the objectives and theories of sports teaching in colleges and universities, and constructs a college sports auxiliary teaching system under the fusion network architecture. Then, the three-dimensional modeling of sports action, the extraction of key sports action features, and the use of generalized discriminant analysis and hierarchical SVM construction method for the degradation and classification, respectively, to achieve the recognition of the sport in sports teaching. Finally, the effectiveness of the system and teaching model was tested and evaluated through the use of Loadrunner and SPSS software. The results show that the response time is 2s when the number of concurrent users is 100, the utilization rate of CPU is 64.2%, and the mastery of sports knowledge and movement skills of the experimental class is higher than that of the control class by 0.18 and 0.26, respectively. The innovative teaching mode of physical education in this study is effective.

‘We sacrifice our bodies for this plank of wood’: girl skateboarders, risk, pain, and injury1

Skateboarding is a masculine-inflected, male dominated informal lifestyle sport which carries inherent risk of pain and injury, which is expected to be met with stoicism as part of claiming ‘authentic’ skateboarder identity. We examine young women skateboarders’ attitudes to these risks, focusing on how they understand, minimise and cope with injury and pain as an ongoing accompaniment to skateboarding practice. We consider how they see injury and pain in relationship to learning and at times experience muscle and injury pain as positive. We conclude that, while young women seem to be taking on the masculinist attitudes to risk, pain and injury that characterise skateboarding as a community of practice, there is some evidence of resistance to this. We also note that the apparent preference of many UK-based young women skateboarders for transition skateparks, due to problems encountered in street spaces, may make them more susceptible to serious injury.

Lifestyle Sports and Public Education in Japan: New Collectivism, Contest(ed) Benefits, and Community Revitalization in Aoshima’s Surfing Bukatsu

Physical activity levels among youth have declined globally during the twentieth century. In Japan, the context of this study, this trend is evidenced through decreasing participation rates in school sports bukatsu [extracurricular club activities], where youth participation in sport and physical activity have become a growing concern. Research suggests that incorporating lifestyle sports into the public education curriculum may better align with current youth trends, thereby helping to address these challenges, but little empirical research exist, particularly outside Western contexts. The purpose of this study is to address this gap by offering contextual insights into how the lifestyle sport of surfing is being incorporated into the public education system in Japan, and how this transforms the meanings of both surfing and bukatsu in new and interesting ways. Drawing on the case of Aoshima Junior High School’s Surfing Bukatsu, ethnographic fieldwork was conducted over a two-week period in July 2021 and included participant observation, focus groups with students and parents, and 22 in-depth interviews with various stakeholders. Three themes emerged that guide the interpretation and discussion: (1) a “new collectivism” fostered amongst members of the surfing bukatsu, (2) a “contest(ed) surf style” that marked a tension between the competitive and the informal benefits associated with lifestyle sports, and (3) the role of surfing bukatsu in school/community revitalization. The study shows how incorporating lifestyle sports in PE curricula has the potential to encourage a co-constitutive practice of student/school/community development.

Volleyball Action Recognition based on Skeleton Data

This research explores the intricacies of volleyball action recognition using skeleton data through the lens of the Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM) model. With the objective of accurately identifying distinct volleyball actions—Serve, Spike, Block, Dig, and Set—the study implemented a structured LSTM network, achieving a commendable 95% accuracy rate consistently across all actions. The findings underscore the transformative potential of deep learning, particularly the LSTM network, in sports analytics, suggesting a paradigm shift in understanding and analyzing sports actions. The research serves as a foundation for future studies, offering insights into the blend of artificial intelligence in sports, with applications extending to coaching support and enhanced sports broadcasts.

Sports Production Through AI-Powered Sports Action Tracking and PTZ Cameras

Sports Production Through AI-Powered Sports Action Tracking and PTZ Cameras

Exploring the Experiences and Perceptions of Adults With Spinal Cord Injury or Disease Aged 50 Years or Older on Participation in Sports.

Sports are physical activities that provide physical, psychological, and social benefits for individuals with spinal cord injury/disease (SCI/D). However, most sports research has been completed on individuals with SCI/D who are aged >50 years, even though the majority of people with SCI/D are aged >50 years. Despite substantial evidence supporting sports for older adults not living with a disability, there is currently no research examining the impact of sports for adults with SCI/D aged ≥50 years. To explore the perceptions and experiences of individuals with SCI/D aged 50 years or older who participate in sports in the community. Fifteen adults with SCI/D aged ≥50 years who participated in community-based sports were interviewed. Interviews were audio-recorded and transcribed verbatim. Conventional content analysis was applied to the data. The overarching theme identified was that sports are fun and adaptable physical activities that have the potential to optimize physical, psychological, and social health in all people with SCI/D, regardless of age. Within this overarching theme, six categories surfaced: (1) importance of participating in sports later in life, (2) prioritizing health over performance, (3) uncertainties about participating in sports later in life, (4) reflections on participating in sports later in life, (5) beliefs on alternative sports involvement, and (6) advice for other aging adults with SCI/D considering sports. Sports are perceived to provide physical, psychological, and social benefits for individuals with SCI/D aged 50 years or older. Findings will inform the development of future adaptive sports programs for older individuals with SCI/D.

Exploring Gender-Neutral Self-Confidence Levels in Adventure Sports Participants: A Comparative Study

This study aimed to assess and compare the levels of self-confidence among male and female athletes participating in Cross-Country Mountaineering (CCM) and Skiing (SK) activities. A total of 40 subject were selected from Atal Bihari Vajpayee Institute of Mountaineering and Allied Sports (ABVIMAS) Himachal Pradesh, with equal representation from each gender within both CCM and SK categories. Self-confidence levels were measured using the SCI-RG questionnaire, and statistical analysis was conducted using one-way ANOVA. The results revealed a significant gender-based difference in self-confidence levels, with males exhibiting higher self-confidence than females. These findings support existing research on gender disparities in sports-related self-confidence and suggest that various sociocultural, psychological, and sport-specific factors may contribute to these differences. Future investigations should further explore these factors to enhance support for athletes in both CCM and SK, irrespective of their gender, in their pursuit of optimal performance and personal growth.

Analysis of training loads in Polish adolescent road cyclists in the preparatory period and their effects on physical fitness

Background: Road cycling is one of the most extreme endurance sports. Professional road cyclists typically train ~20 hours per week and cover ~600 km a week. The longest 1-day race in men’s cycling can be up to 300 km while the longest multiple-stage races can last up to 21 days. Twenty to seventy accelerations are performed during a race, exceeding maximal aerobic power. Training is a crucial component of athletes’ preparation for competitions. Therefore, strong emphasis should be on recording the applied training loads and monitoring how they influence aerobic and anaerobic fitness, as well as performance. The aim of the study was to analyze the training loads in the preparatory period and their effects on aerobic and anaerobic fitness in adolescent road cyclists. Materials and Methods: The study involved 23 highly trained/national elite male road cyclists. Of them, 16 athletes (age: 16.21.1 years; training experience: 5.02.1 years) fully completed all components of the study. Aerobic fitness was measured using cardiopulmonary exercise testing (graded exercise test to exhaustion), while anaerobic fitness was evaluated using the 30-second modified Wingate anaerobic test. Each recorded training session time was distributed across training and activity forms as well as intensity zones. Results: The endurance training form used in the preparatory period was characterized by low-volume (~7.7h×wk-1), nonpolarised (median polarization index 0.15) pyramidal intensity distribution (zone1~68%; zone2~26%; zone3~1% total training volume). Endurance (specific and non-specific) and strength training forms accounted for ~95% and ~5% (respectively) of the total training time. Conclusion: Low-volume, non-polarised pyramidal intensity distribution training is probably not an effective stimulus for improving physical fitness in adolescent road cyclists. Disregarding high-intensity exercises in training programs for adolescent cyclists may result in stagnation or deterioration of physical fitness.

Experiencing awe, engaging in extreme sports: Incidental awe as an effective promoter for extreme sports engagement

Extreme sports, a unique sports genre, rely heavily on commercial communication to motivate participation and realize marketing potential. This study highlights incidental awe (awe emotion elicited from experiences other than extreme sports) as an introjected motivation for extreme sports under self-determination theory. Through three experimental studies, this study examined whether and how incidental awe stimulates individuals’ extreme sports engagement. Specifically, we found that people who experienced positive awe displayed greater tendencies to take part in, form positive word of mouth for, and pay a higher price for extreme sports than those in control conditions (Studies 1–3). However, negative awe did not have any of the above effects (Study 2). Effects of positive awe on extreme sports engagement were mediated by individuals’ cognitive experience of curiosity and moderated by their need for cognition (Study 3). Together, these findings identified incidental awe as a significant introjected motivation for engaging in extreme sports through emotional and cognitive mechanisms. Guidelines for extreme sports promotion are provided accordingly.

Evaluation of efficacy and safety of combined use of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs and extended release tolperisone in patients with ankle injuries

Ankle capsular ligamentous apparatus damage is one of the most common problems. Ankle injuries account for one-fifth of all lower extremity sports injuries. More than 81 % of acute ankle injuries are treated conservatively, with the rate of unsatisfactory results after this treatment ranging from 2 to 36.9 %. Objective: to evaluate the efficacy and safety of the combined use of aceclofenac (Airtal) and tolperisone (Mydocalm Long) in patients with acute ankle ligament injuries. Material and methods. Sixty patients aged 18 to 65 years with acute ankle ligament injury of grade II according to Kannus and Renstrom, with pain intensity in the joint on a visual analogue scale (VAS) ≥ 50 mm, who had no contraindications for the use of these drugs, participated in the study. Patients in the main group (n = 30) received aceclofenac 100 mg in powder form 2 times daily and tolperisone 450 mg in tablets once daily for 14 days. Patients in the comparison group (n = 30) received only aceclofenac 100 mg in powder form 2 times daily for 14 days. The efficacy of therapy was assessed by pain dynamics according to VAS and functional abilities according to the Foot and Ankle Ability Measure (FAAM) questionnaire, which included the Activities of Daily Living (ADL) subscale and the Sports subscale. To assess safety, laboratory tests were performed at visits 1 and 4, and adverse events (AEs) were assessed at visits 2, 3, and 4. Results and discussion. Combined use of aceclofenac and tolperisone in patients with acute ankle ligament injuries resulted in more clinically significant pain reduction and improvement in functional indicators than aceclofenac monotherapy. In the combination therapy group, after completion of treatment on day 15, the severity of pain decreased by 94.8%, the increase in the score on the ADL scale was 62.9 % and on the Sports scale – 70.4 %. In the monotherapy group, pain intensity decreased by 85.1 %, the increase in the score on the ADL scale reached 40.7% and onthe Sports scale – 43.4 %. Throughout the study period, the medications were well tolerated, and no AEs were recorded. Conclusion. The combined use of aceclofenac and tolperisone in patients with acute ankle ligament damage leads to a reduction in pain intensity in a short time, significantly improves indicators of functional activity, promotes a faster return to sports activities, and at the same time has a favourable safety profile.

Peningkatan Keterampilan Teknik Dasar Passing dengan Metode Drill pada Ekstrakurikuler Futsal di SMA Islam Kota Malang

This research was conducted because the role of the coach still does not have a good and regular training program, so the purpose of this research is to improve basic passing technique skills for futsal extracurricular participants at the Islamic High School in Malang City by using the drill method. This research method uses Sports Action Research. This research is the same as Classroom Action Research which uses the stages of planning, implementing, observing, and reflecting. This study uses 2 cycles with 4 meetings in each cycle. The subjects of this study were 20 male participants in the futsal extracurricular activities at SMA Islam Malang City. From the results of the study showed an increase in basic passing technique skills in cycle 1 and cycle 2. In the initial observation it showed that the overall completeness of the participants was 49.28%, then it increased at the end of cycle 1 by 64,28% and increased again in cycle 2 of the final meeting by 88, 39%. With this, increased results were obtained from basic passing technical skills using the drill method for futsal extracurricular participants at Malang City Islamic High School. It can be concluded that the application of the drill method can improve basic passing technique skills for futsal extracurricular participants at Islamic High School in Malang City.

Peningkatan Hasil Latihan Passing dalam Permainan Sepak Bola Menggunakan Metode Drill pada Atlet SSB Perseta

Football is a popular game involving two teams with 11 players on each team. This game requires players to use their foot skills to compete for the ball and score goals in the opponent's goal. Basic techniques in football include passing the ball, dribbling, ball control, and heading the ball. Programmed, routine, and disciplined training is essential to master these basic techniques. Passing in football involves transferring the ball from one player to another within the same team. Passing skills are crucial in the game because their purpose is to create space, score goals, maintain defense, and restart the ball after a foul. The inside of the foot is often used in passing because it is wider and allows players to direct the ball more accurately. Drill methods, which involve systematically repeating movements, can help improve mastery of basic techniques. Drill training can also enhance physical conditioning. This research aims to improve passing training outcomes for Perseta SSB athletes using the drill method. This study benefits researchers, athletes, coaches, and others in enhancing understanding and skills in football passing. The method used in this research is the sports action method. The results obtained indicate that passing training using the drill method, especially the triangle drill method, is effective in improving athletes' passing abilities. This training helps improve coordination, speed, and passing accuracy. This finding provides evidence that drill methods can be used as an effective approach in training passing techniques and skills for athletes.

Searching for Relevance: The Olympic Games and Action Sports: A Review Essay of Belinda Wheaton and Holly Thorpe, Action Sports and the Olympic Games

Searching for Relevance: The Olympic Games and Action Sports: A Review Essay of Belinda Wheaton and Holly Thorpe, <i>Action Sports and the Olympic Games</i>