Extreme Degree Research Articles

Ранняя реабилитация дыхательной функции у пациентов, имеющих двусторонний парез голосовых складок

Therapeutic treatment of airway stenosis caused by vocal cord paralysis is a major challenge. Methodology, organization of research, treatment, and observation of such patients are necessary since the risk of developing respiratory failure and imposing a tracheotomy in the first months of the disease is especially high. Early diagnosis of impaired vocal fold mobility, the appointment of treatment, will contribute to the speedy rehabilitation of the respiratory function and reduce the number of complications. The purpose of the study is to develop a tactic for treatment and examination in patients with bilateral vocal fold paresis. The object of the study were 14 female patients with a diagnosis of bilateral vocal fold paresis caused by thyroid surgery. The following spirometry indicators were evaluated: FVC, FEV1, FEV/FVC, PEF, MEF75, MEF50, MEF25, which showed a significant impairment of air permeability at the level of the vocal folds, impaired ventilation of the bronchial tree, and a decrease in lung capacity. Endoscopic examination of the larynx also revealed a violation of the mobility of the vocal folds, which were in the paramedial position in 6 patients and in the median position in 6. The physical component of health and the psychological component were also assessed according to the standardized international questionnaire SF-36. The results obtained indicated an extreme degree of decrease in the patient’s psychological state on the verge of depression and also indicated the presence of respiratory failure. The information obtained as a result of such an examination can help in the choice of treatment tactics and further rehabilitation of patients.

The Chin as a Domain Widener in American Sign Language (ASL)

In this paper, we investigate a grammaticalized facial expression in American Sign Language (ASL) called flat chin, which we propose functions as a general-purpose domain widener, targeting both quantificational domains as well as the scales used by gradable predicates. Our analysis allows for flat chin to target nearly any expression involving a domain, and is based on Morzycki's (2012) analysis of extreme degree modifiers. Such an analysis both expands our understanding of ASL as well Language more broadly, as few general-purpose domain wideners have yet been reported and fewer still are reported to occur as a non-manual (non-hand) markers in a sign language.

Glenohumeral Instability and Arm Pain in Overhead Throwing Athletes: A Correlational Study.

The overhead activity of throwing a baseball is arguably the most demanding athletic endeavor placed on the glenohumeral (GH) joint. Previous studies illustrate that 75-80% of baseball players will experience some degree of upper extremity (UE) pain. GH instability is thought to play a role. The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between GH joint hypermobility and instability with measures of arm pain and performance in overhead throwing athletes. Actively competing baseball pitchers were recruited and evaluated once with the anterior-posterior Load and Shift examination procedure, the Kerlan-Jobe Orthopedic Clinic Shoulder and Elbow Questionnaire (KJOC), and the Functional Arm Scale for Throwers (FAST). Multivariate analysis was performed to identify correlation between severe GH capsular laxity (GH instability), mild capsular laxity (GH hypermobility), no capsular laxity (GH normal), and presence of shoulder pain when pitching. Cross-sectional Study. Forty-five pitchers were evaluated, 62.2% of throwing shoulders were classified normal stability, 26.7% were classified hypermobile, and 11.1% were classified unstable. Average KJOC scores for pitchers with the three mobility categories were 66.1 (normal), 59.7 (hypermobile), and 45.0 (unstable). Average FAST scores among the pitchers were 19.9 (normal), 34.2 (hypermobile), and 32.2 (unstable). Pitchers with GH instability and GH hypermobility demonstrated increased arm pain compared to athletes with normal GH joints; KJOC scores of 3.2, 5.5, and 7.4 (p = 0.0007), respectively. Pitchers with GH instability and hypermobility demonstrated significantly increased ratings of arm pain compared to pitchers with no capsular laxity. 3b.

Digital Fiction and the Unnatural: Transmedial Narrative Theory, Method, and Analysis

Digital Fiction and the Unnatural: Transmedial Narrative Theory, Method, and Analysis

Recreational Thematic Dominants in News TV Discourse

Introduction. This study examines the recreational thematic diversity of recreation presented in the form of the thematic dominants list. The thematic dominants are capable of organizing news discourse around themselves and transmitting significant information. Recreation is becoming an integral feature of information discourse, a tool for managing moods and public opinion. That is why the relevance of the topic is determined by the need to study text-forming tools for the implementation of recreation in the discourse. Thematic dominants of recreation are actively involved in the structural organization of the news; implement a wide range of recreational functions. The study of their linguistic implementation rules determines the scientific novelty of the research. The key tasks of the research are to identify the repertoire of thematic dominants of recreation, their functional characteristics, the specifics of participation in the construction of the news text, as well as a description of the recreation scale.Methodology and sources. The study used traditional general scientific methods, such as description and classification of linguistic material, generalization and observation, target sampling, quantitative analysis, as well as linguistic methods: discursive, descriptiveanalytical, contextual, semantic text analysis. As the material of the research, 400 textsrepresentatives of informational TV discourse, various in thematic focus and genre representation, were selected.Results and discussion. The analysis of news discourse allows us to talk about the saturation of recreational topics that broadcast information aimed at providing conditions for rest, relaxation, distraction from everyday problems and entertainment of the addressee. The study reveals macrostructural components, which are most often filled with recreational thematic dominants. It is shown that thematic dominants are unevenly located on the bipolar scale of positive – negative recreation. The extreme, average and threshold degrees of recreation have been established, and the themes that define them have been described.Conclusion. Recreational thematic dominants are aimed at shifting the focus of describing reality for the implementation of recreational functions (the formation of mental effects – distraction, experience; entertainment, interesting leisure, etc.). Their explication represents a multi-layered semiotic system (external level (multimodal resources); internal (macro- and micro-level). Between the two extreme points of recreation there are texts with different levels of recreation, and in descending order the recreational function is combined with additional, non-creative ones.

Decreased Electroencephalographic Alpha Power During Anesthesia Induction Is Associated With EEG Discontinuity in Human Infants.

Electroencephalogram (EEG) discontinuity can occur at high concentrations of anesthetic drugs, reflecting suppression of electrocortical activity. This EEG pattern has been reported in children and reflects a deep state of anesthesia. Isoelectric events on the EEG, a more extreme degree of voltage suppression, have been shown to be associated with worse long-term neurologic outcomes in neonates undergoing cardiac surgery. However, the clinical significance of EEG discontinuities during pediatric anesthesia for noncardiac surgery is not yet known and merits further research. In this study, we assessed the incidence of EEG discontinuity during anesthesia induction in neurologically normal infants and the clinical factors associated with its development. We hypothesized that EEG discontinuity would be associated with sevoflurane-induced alpha (8-12 Hz) power during the period of anesthesia induction in infants. We prospectively recorded 26 channels of EEG during anesthesia induction in an observational cohort of 54 infants (median age, 7.6 months; interquartile range [IQR] [4.9-9.8 months]). We identified EEG discontinuity, defined as voltage amplitude <25 microvolts for >2 seconds, and assessed its association with sevoflurane-induced alpha power using spectral analysis and multivariable logistic regression adjusting for clinically important variables. EEG discontinuity was observed in 20 of 54 subjects (37%), with a total of 25 discrete events. Sevoflurane-induced alpha power in the posterior regions of the head (eg, parietal or occipital regions) was significantly lower in the EEG discontinuity group (midline parietal channel on the electroencephalogram, International 10-20 System [Pz]; 8.3 vs 11.2 decibels [dBs]; P = .004), and this association remained after multivariable adjustment (adjusted odds ratio [aOR] = 0.51 per dB increase in alpha power [95% CI, 0.30-0.89]; P = .02). There were no differences in the baseline (unanesthetized) EEG between groups in alpha power or power in any other frequency band. We demonstrate that EEG discontinuity is common during anesthesia induction and is related to the level of sevoflurane-induced posterior alpha power, a putative marker of cortical-thalamic circuit development in the first year of life. This association persisted even after adjusting for age and propofol coadministration. The fact that this difference was only observed during anesthesia and not in the baseline EEG suggests that otherwise hidden brain circuit properties are unmasked by general anesthesia. These neurophysiologic markers observed during anesthesia may be useful in identifying patients who may have a greater chance of developing discontinuity.

Genetics for the pediatric endocrinologists – 2 Primordial short stature in children and adolescents

Primordial short stature (PSS) is an extremely rare group of monogenic disorders characterized by profound global growth failure commencing in the fetal life and continuing postnatally for the rest of the life. It is suspected when there is an extreme degree of proportionate short stature and global growth failure with or without microcephaly, and without any evidence of known skeletal dysplasia. The cardinal features of PSS include severe intrauterine and postnatal growth failure, severe postnatal short stature, primary microcephaly, characteristic facial features, and variable intellectual disability. The most common genetic etiology is monogenic except for Silver–Russell syndrome, where an epigenetic mechanism is a predominant cause of primordial dwarfism. This review demonstrates a holistic approach to the diagnosis and management of PSS in children and adolescents.

Development and Validation of SERR Scale for Detecting Extremism and Religious Radicalism.

In line with the growing religious, political and social violence around the world, this study evaluates the psychometric properties of a new scale for Detecting Extremism and Religious Radicalism (SERR), a self-report measure of extremism and religious radicalism. Factor analyses, validity and reliability data were collected using a sample of 1985 participants from 58 different cities around Spain who self-identified as actively practicing their religion. Statistical analyses of SERR scores yielded acceptable internal consistency scores (ω > .74) and confirmed key factors associated with radicalism and extremism. The structure of the scale was confirmed as two-dimensional (χ2(64) = 361.22, p < .001, CFI = 0.976, TLI = 0.970, RMSEA (90% CI) = 0.089 (0.080 - 0.098), SRMR = 0.064). Scores for the extremism dimension correlated significantly and positively with scores for the same factor on the Activism and Radicalism Intention Scales (r = .32, p < .001, n = 139). The SERR demonstrates adequate reliability and validity for evaluating the degree of extremism and radicalism in Christian/Catholic and Muslim believers.

Pipe Dreams: Water and Empire in Central Asia's Aral Sea Basin by Maya K. Peterson (review).

Reviewed by: Pipe Dreams: Water and Empire in Central Asia's Aral Sea Basin by Maya K. Peterson Marianne Kamp (bio) Pipe Dreams: Water and Empire in Central Asia's Aral Sea Basin By Maya K. Peterson. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2019. Pp. xxii + 399. The continuity of a vision for irrigation is on display in Peterson's Pipe Dreams, where the author's research reveals that Imperial Russia's dreams of constructing vast new systems of canals in Central Asia's arid lands found even more grandiose fulfillment when the Soviet government implemented its development plans. At times engineers and investors drew on indigenous Central Asian knowledge, but more frequently, top-down plans ran into material, social, economic, and natural obstacles. Peterson highlights three inherently contradictory goals that the Russian and Soviet governments pursued: turning Kyrgyz nomads into sedentary farmers, opening Central Asia to settlement by colonizers, and making Central Asia into the land of cotton. Starting in the 1860s, when Russia's geographers first set foot in the newly conquered lands, they imagined rerouting the lower reaches of the Amu River to reach the Caspian Sea and watering land that they saw as empty desert—believing it to be unused because it was not farmed. All that was required to make it useful was investment, expertise, and labor. A collection of diaries, reports, and letters to the Romanov Grand Duke Nikolai Konstantinovich allows Peterson to examine the repeated failures and moderate successes of canal building through the Hungry Steppe between Bekabod and Jizzakh (in today's Uzbekistan), not only as a water-control project, but also through the lenses of the Russian peasants who settled there. The sources attest to the peasants' apparent gratitude to the Russian government, and they illustrate an innovative social experiment that combined indigenous Central Asian and colonizer labor to provide both groups with irrigable fields. Those human dimensions are Peterson's contribution to what was otherwise a small-scale water engineering project that has attracted historians' attention, from a 1927 account by V. V. Tsinzerling to Julia Obertreis's Imperial Desert Dreams (2017), primarily because of its abundant archival traces rather than because of any transformative dimensions. [End Page 1185] Competition between indigenous peoples and colonizers is abundantly evident in Peterson's wholly novel research on irrigation projects in the Chu River valley, near today's Bishkek, Kyrgyzstan. As seen by Russian administrators, the lush grasslands that Kyrgyz herders apportioned through kin networks needed to be plowed and farmed to reach their productive capacity. Russian administrators crafted legal means to seize land, and settlers from Russia arrived in large numbers. Experts who designed the canal scheme were thwarted by lack of investment, so that the building project dragged on through World War I and into the Civil War years that followed the Russian Revolution. Project administrators recruited Uyghur and Dungan labor migrants from Xinjiang and contracted for prison labor, while Russians and Kyrgyz fought over land—the massacres inspiring the nascent Bolshevik government to restrict colonization. Pipe Dreams follows administrative visions for controlling water through a series of episodes from Imperial Russia to the Soviet years. In the 1890s, Russia's successful introduction of the highly productive American Upland strain of cotton (Gossypium hirsutum) directed attention to the possibilities for expanding irrigation into dry lands; after the Revolution, increasing cotton production became the obsession of Soviet-era plans for Central Asia, to the detriment of grain growing and livestock husbandry. Soviet-style investment featured massive, highly publicized building projects, one of which was the 1930s Vakhshstroi in southern Tajikistan, whose goal was populating the Vakhsh valley with indigenous cotton growers. Archives reveal the abundant problems that beset this venture, which relied on attracting tens of thousands of laborers to resettle in the area, including labor turnover and hydrology engineering failures resulting in many years of missed targets. Unlike Vakhstroi—where Soviet engineers took pride in using heavy machinery despite being plagued by problems—the Grand Fergana Canal, as well as many subsequent large canals in Soviet Uzbekistan, was dug by several hundred thousand Uzbek peasants in a celebrated "people's construction" campaign, using what Peterson views as the most extreme degree of state...

Tasting Light: Ten Science Fiction Stories to Rewire Your Perceptions

Reviewed by: Tasting Light: Ten Science Fiction Stories to Rewire Your Perceptions April Spisak Cappetta, A.R., ed. Tasting Light: Ten Science Fiction Stories to Rewire Your Perceptions; ed. by A. R. Capetta and Wade Roush. MITeen, 2022 [320p] Trade ed. ISBN 9781536219388 $16.99 E-book ed. ISBN 9781536227093 $9.99 Reviewed from digital galleys R* Gr. 8-12 Hard science fiction is relatively rare in YA literature, which is unfortunate considering how well suited it seems for teen readers. By its very nature, adolescence is a quest beyond the familiar boundaries of childhood, a search for a unique identity formed from what was and what is. Hard science fiction uses that same model of combining known and not quite realized technology into speculation that pushes the world forward. This sublime collection highlights those parallels with both wit and wisdom, and the stories affirm how impactful and memorable this sub-genre can be. Editors Capetta and Roush deploy the short story format with precision and purpose; the stories are distinctly beautiful, immediately engaging, and relentlessly provocative. The connective tissue is the meaning and significance of identity—who we are, who we can never be, or who we can, with a healthy dose of luck or grit, become in the swirl of time, place, situation, and cultural moments. Each story here is intentionally, effectively diverse, and each celebrates the quest to create labels that actually fit individual identities, rather than choosing from suffocating frameworks that earn legitimacy only by their familiarity. Concepts of race, ethnicity, gender, sexuality, and even humanity itself are challenged and redefined with a fearlessness and brash disregard for tradition that is reserved primarily for the young. "Melantis" by Junauda Petrus-Nasah is an instant classic, examining the political and cultural fallout of an expensive drug used by pregnant mothers to boost the intelligence of (almost exclusively white) babies. Years later, an unexpected side effect emerges: those children and teens are now experiencing a change in their melanin production, causing uproar about how their privileged selves are being treated now that they are perceived as Black. Similarly, K. Ancrum's "Walk 153" is immediately powerful—masked walkers roam cities with cameras on their chests, paid to essentially be proxies for their customers and send their anonymous perspective to people who can't or won't leave their homes. This premise pushes the limitations and dehumanization of gig culture out to an extreme degree before looping back to humanity after two people risk breaking the rules to make an actual connection. A.S. King's final story, "Smile River," wraps up the collection in stunning fashion, offering a tale that may feel startlingly familiar to readers who have been told to "just smile" all their lives. As the narrative jumps between different generations of one family, readers track how the societal emphasis on happiness (and control) [End Page 39] leads to the development of a neural implant that forces someone—most often, a woman—to smile. It is a sickeningly small leap to this future where smiling is compulsory and medically enforced for women from a present that has yet to fully recognize a woman's autonomy. The story makes a worthy finisher, as the clever and harsh critique of the whole darn time continuum and how women fare on it ultimately gives way to a hopeful, perhaps even quietly empowering, closing note. Science fiction is all about the "what ifs," but hard sci-fi with protagonists as bold as these becomes something more about how to get to a better future rather than wondering whether that future is possible. These characters are running full speed away from social limitations and toward entirely new models that could still exist within the known world. Teens who are very much living in a world that is on the brink of both disaster and possibility (in not always equal measures) will connect with the urgency in these stories. Such is the magic of hard science fiction, and these editors have found an impressive range of authors to explore the next possible steps, both dire and hopeful. Copyright © 2022 The Board of Trustees of the University of Illinois

Minimax regret with imperfect ex-post knowledge of the state

We consider decision problems under complete ignorance and extend the minimax regret principle to situations where, after taking an action, the decision maker does not necessarily learn the state of the world. For example, if the decision maker only learns what the outcome is, then all she knows is that the actual state is one of the (possibly several) states that yield the observed outcome under the chosen action. We refer to this situation as imperfect ex-post information. We show that, given a choice between more information and less information, the decision maker prefers the latter. We also extend the framework to encompass the possibility of less than the extreme degree of pessimism that characterizes the minimax regret criterion.

Groundwater quality in awe and environs, middle benue trough, nigeria

Groundwater quality is an important thing to be determined; because it is commonly used as a source of clean water for domestic, agricultural and industry purposes. Fifty three groundwater samples (seventeen from wells, five from springs and thirty one from boreholes) were sampled for this research work. Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrophotometer (ICP-MS) was used to analyze for the major cations while titration was used for SO4 and HCO3. Cl was analyzed using the Ion Chromatographic Method (IC). From the results obtained, Total dissolved solids (TDS), Electrical conductivity (EC), and Strontium (Sr) classified the groundwater in the study area into three as fresh, brackish and saline water. The concentrations of major ions in all the fresh water and some of the brackish water in the study area met the World Health Organization (WHO) Standard for drinking water while the concentrations of the major ions in the saline water are above the WHO permissible values for drinking water. This indicates that the saline water from the study area are not good for domestic, agriculture and industrial uses. Four types of water are obtained from the groundwater based on Total Hardness (TH) as: 75 mg/l as soft; 75–150 mg/l as moderately hard; 150–300 mg/l as hard; and &gt;300 mg/l as very hard. Both extreme degrees of very soft (&lt;75 mg/l) and very hard (&gt;300 mg/l) are considered as undesirable features in water. About 90% of the groundwater in the study area are suitable for domestic, livestock and irrigation purposes but only about 51% of the groundwater samples can be used by industries without being treated.&#x0D;

Classification of three-dimensional integral stimuli: Accounting for a replication and extension of Nosofsky and Palmeri (1996) with a dual discrimination invariance model.

The quest for determining the degree of learning difficulty associated with different types of categories has been instrumental in our understanding of human categorization behavior and, more broadly, human generalization. For instance, we now know that the topological nature of the dimensions (e.g., whether these are integral or separable) that define the family of categories generated with three binary dimensions yield two different learning difficulty orderings. In our study, for the first time, we replicated one such classic ordering involving integral dimensions and explored the impact that the choice of dimensional values, along with the nature of the stimulus presentation, had on learning difficulty during the learning phase of our four experiments. Two standard orderings were observed in our investigation which were consistent with the hypothesis that multilevel discrimination plays a key role in concept learning. We accounted for our empirical results by making this role explicit at three levels, the feature, object, and category structure levels, using a dual discrimination invariance model (DDIM) derived from the core invariance law of generalized invariance structure theory (GIST). The model involves a "discrimination switch" via what is referred to in GIST as the "tau discrimination threshold" where two distinct extreme degrees of discrimination yield two fundamental learning difficulty orderings able to account for results from our experiments without free parameters. We then show how the DDIM is not only a more accurate and general predictor than the best alternatives but also provides a plausible and tenable cognitive mechanism for understanding these behaviors. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2022 APA, all rights reserved).

A morphotectonic approach to the study of earthquakes in Rome

Abstract. Rome has the world's longest historical record of felt earthquakes, with more than 100 events during the last 2600 years. However, no destructive earthquake has been reported in the sources, and all of the greatest damage suffered in the past has been attributed to far-field events. While this fact suggests that a moderate seismotectonic regime characterizes the Roman area, no study has provided a comprehensive explanation for the lack of strong earthquakes in the region. Through the analysis of the focal mechanism and the morphostructural setting of the epicentral area of a “typical” moderate earthquake (Ml= 3.3) that recently occurred in the northern urban area of Rome, we demonstrate that this event reactivated a buried segment of an ancient fault generated under both a different and a stronger tectonic regime than that which is presently active. We also show that the evident structural control over the drainage network in this area reflects an extreme degree of fragmentation of a set of buried faults generated under two competing stress fields throughout the Pleistocene. Small faults and a present-day weaker tectonic regime with respect to that acting during the Pleistocene might explain the lack of strong seismicity in the long historical record, suggesting that a large earthquake is not likely to occur.

Robust Interior Penalty Discontinuous Galerkin Methods

A new variant of the IPDG method is presented, involving carefully constructed weighted averages of the gradient of the approximate solution. The method is shown to be robust even for the most extreme simultaneous local mesh, polynomial degree and diffusion coefficient variation scenarios, without resulting into unreasonably large penalization. The new IPDG method, henceforth termed as robust IPDG (RIPDG), offers typically significantly better error behaviour and conditioning than the standard IPDG method when applied to scenarios with strong mesh/polynomial degree/diffusion local variation, especially when the underlying approximation space does not contain a sufficiently rich conforming subspace. The latter is of particular importance in the context of IPDG methods on polygonal/polyhedral meshes. On the other hand, when using uniform meshes, constant polynomial degree for problems with constant diffusion coefficients the RIPDG method is identical to the classical IPDG. Numerical experiments indicate the favourable performance of the new RIPDG method over the classical version in terms of conditioning and error.

The Fits and Starts of Indian Rice Domestication: How the Movement of Rice Across Northwest India Impacted Domestication Pathways and Agricultural Stories

Rice is currently the staple food for over 3.5 billion people and is arguably the most important crop exploited by humans. Understanding how we came to the point where a single crop dominates the lives of almost half of the Earth’s population has major significance for our future, even more so given the climatic instability we face today, as rice is a cereal that is dependent on water to an extreme degree. In this study, the nature of early rice agriculture in South Asia is explored, looking at how this critical crop may have begun to be exploited, cultivated, and then brought under agricultural regimes during the long span between c.6500 and 1500 BC. There is now clear evidence for early Holocene cultivation of rice in the Middle Gangetic plains of northern India, but there is still considerable debate about the timing of when this cultivation began and whether it involved domestication of rice. By 3200 BC, however, rice agriculture was present outside the Ganges in the Indus Civilization. The data show accelerated domestication in the Indus environment and agricultural systems that played a part in later hybridization with the arrival of Chinese rice. Understanding how this move from its place of origin to a new environment may have become entangled in the domestication pathways of South Asia rice prior to the arrival of Chinese rice c.1500 BC are important to the overall rice story, as they play into modern concerns relating to biodiversity and different ways of growing and watering rice.

Workplace incivility and intention to quit among Civil Servants. The moderating role of gender

Objective - The objective of the investigation was to examine the correlation between workplace incivility and employees' viewpoints by intention to quit and to investigate if gender buffers the link and the variations in workplace incivility tolerance between female and male civil servants. Methodology/Technique – The study respondents were comprised of 375 civil servants that filled out a self-administrated survey. Hypothesis testing uses the SmartPLS version 3.3,7. Finding – The outcomes showed that workplace incivility was significantly correlated to the intention to quit, and gender is not supported as a moderator of the incivility-intention to quit correlation. Conclusively, there was a substantial difference in workplace incivility between men and women. Surprisingly, men sensed even more extreme degrees of workplace incivility than women. Novelty – This study might be worthwhile evidence that workplace incivility has a positive effect on the intention to quit among civil servants, and the relationship was not moderated by gender. The higher civil servants perceived workplace incivility the higher the intent to quit the organization. The study might be worthwhile evidence for administrators to pinpoint, avert, avoid, avert and manage negative attitudes in the work environment more efficiently. Type of Paper: Empirical JEL Classification: M12, M19. Keywords: Workplace Incivility; Gender; Intention To Quit, Civil Servant Reference to this paper should be referred to as follows: Gadi, P.D.; Rena, M.N.; Ngyak, G.N. (2022). Workplace incivility and intention to quit among Civil Servants. The moderating role of gender, GATR-Global J. Bus. Soc. Sci. Review, 10(2), 104–113. https://doi.org/10.35609/gjbssr.2022.10.2(4)

Stability of symptoms of psychological distress: A 13-year study using Australian national data.

This study examined the stability of 10 symptoms of psychological distress measured by the Kessler Psychological Distress Scale (K10) in an Australian adult sample. Data were collected at seven time points, 2years apart, between 2007 and 2019. The average stability of the 10 symptoms was 49%. However, there were differences between items. The items can be categorised based on two characteristics: Degree of extremity and arousal. More extreme symptoms (i.e., those beginning with 'so', such as 'so sad that...') tended to change more over time, whereas milder symptoms (e.g., "nervous") tended to be more stable. Symptoms with low levels of arousal (e.g., 'hopeless') tended to reflect more situation-specific influences, whereas symptoms with high levels of arousal (e.g., 'restless or fidgety') tended to reflect more nonsystematic influences.

Social psychology of the crowd in the works of foreign scientists of the late 19th - early 20th century

The article examines the ideas about the socio-psychological characteristics of the crowd described in the works of foreign scientists of the late 19th - early 20th century, analyzes the works on this topic by S. Sighele, G. Le Bon, G. Tarde, O. Cabanes and L. Nass. In the course of the study, a generalized picture of the views of these specialists on the phenomenology of large social groups was obtained. In general, it is recognized that the crowd is impulsive, unstable, irresponsible, susceptible to suggestions, gullible, intolerant and conservative. The behavior of an individual in a group differs from his behavior outside it, and the average intelligence of the crowd is generally lower than the individual. Of particular interest in the works under consideration is the criminal crowd, in which all the features of large social groups are expressed to an extreme degree. Its features are the susceptibility to imitation and suggestion, large numbers, moral intoxication, actualization of instinct and the specific, mostly marginal composition of the crowd. The merging of individuals into a crowd occurs with the help of a community of ideas and beliefs, through suggestion and imitation. The results obtained in the course of the study can be used both in social and political psychology and in historical science, where the scope of their application is outlined by the boundaries of mass phenomena of the past, present and future.

CLINICAL AND MORPHOLOGICAL FEATURES OF KIDNEY DAMAGE IN PATIENTS WITH ARTERIAL HYPERTENSION DIED OF SARS-COV-2 INFECTION

Objective: To assess clinical and pathomorphological features of kidney damage in patients with arterial hypertension (AH) who died of the new coronavirus infection COVID-19. Design and method: A complex analysis of 268 kidney autopsies was carried out, including the study of macro- and microscopic changes reflected in the protocols of pathological and anatomical autopsies and identified during the histological examination. In 224 patients (83.6%) with AH, the diagnosis was confirmed by isolating the SARS-CoV-2 RNA using the polymerase chain reaction; in 44 (16.4%) – through computed tomography of the lungs. The causes of deaths were the following: in 31 patients (11.6%) acute myocardial infarction; in 40 (14.9%) cerebrovascular accident; in 11 (4.1%) pulmonary embolism; 222 patients (83%) had acute respiratory distress syndrome. The analysis included 130 men aged 36 to 92 (72.6 years old on average) and 138 women aged 40 to 106 (77.1 years old on average). Results: In the kidneys we detected ischemic changes caused by disturbances in the microvasculature. These are stases, sludges, erythrocyte and fibrin thrombi predominantly in the medulla. In the glomeruli diapedesis hemorrhages, mesangial cells proliferation, basement membrane thickening and fibrinoid necrosis of the capillary wall were observed. In the epithelium of the convoluted tubules, a granular, hyaline-drop dystrophy and a necrosis as the extreme degree of the damage were noted. In the kidneys, a pronounced lymphoid and leukocyte infiltration was detected. These changes were accompanied by inflammation and renal failure symptoms. In particular, the level of C-reactive protein was 140.6 ± 7.42 mg/l; blood ferritin 1258.0 ± 110.1 mcg/l; blood leukocytes 15.0 ± 0.67 10^9/l; blood lymphocytes 1.54 ± 0.29 10^9/l; procalcitonin 1.350 ± 0.51 ng/ml. The development of hemorrhagic syndrome was observed in 93 (35%) cases. The level of D-dimer was 4326.4 ± 696.1 ng/ml; fibrinogen 18.2 ± 13.04 g/l; platelets 179.0 ± 8.7 10^9/l. Blood creatinine in patients aged 36 to 59 (27 people) was 120.6 ± 12.2 mmol/l; aged 60 to 80 (136 people) 136.6 ± 10.12 mmol/l; aged over 80 (105 people) 139.0 ± 11.7 mmol/l. Conclusions: The study of the kidneys in patients who died from the new coronavirus infection revealed microvasculature vessels damage and development of coagulation disorders amid the renal failure.