Parsley Extract Research Articles

Antioxidant and Antimicrobial Effect of Rosemary, Parsley, Thyme, Chive, and Dill Extracts

Purpose: This study aims to confirm the potential of rosemary, parsley, thyme, chive, and dill extracts as natural antimicrobial agents and incense cosmetic materials by evaluating the antioxidation effects and antimicrobial effects on the skin and related microorganisms.Methods: Rosemary, parsley, thyme, chive, and dill were extracted with 70% ethanol and used as a sample. Antioxidant effects were measured at the total polyphenol and flavonoid content, 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical, 2,2'-azinobis-3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulphonic acid (ABTS) radical scavenging effects and superoxide dismutase (SOD)-like activity effect. And for <i>Staphylococcus epidermidis</i>, <i>Propionibacterium acnes</i>, <i>Corynebacterium xerosis</i>, <i>Malassezia furfur</i>, and <i>Trichophyton mentagrophytes</i> related to the skin, the antimicrobial effect was measured using the paper disc method.Results: Among the rosemary, parsley, thyme, chive, and dill extracts, the total polyphenol and flavonoids were found to be high in rosemary and parsley extracts. DPPH and ABS radical scavenging effects and SOD-like activity effects were confirmed to be in the order of rosemary>parsley>thyme> chives>dill. As a result of measuring the antimicrobial effects at a concentration of 5 mg/mL, <i>S. epidermidis</i> was confirmed to be in the order of parsley=rosemary=thyme>chive=dill, <i>P. acnes</i> was confirmed to be in the order of rosemary>parsley>dill>thyme=chive, <i>C. xerosis</i> was confirmed to be in the order of rosemary>parsley>dill>thyme=chives, <i>M. furfur</i> was confirmed to be in the order of rosemary>parsley>dill>chives>thyme, and <i>T. mentagrophytes</i> was confirmed to be in the order of rosemary>parsley>chives>dill>thyme.Conclusion: Rosemary, parsley, thyme, chive, and dill extracts were confirmed to have antioxidant and antimicrobial effects, confirming their potential as natural antimicrobial agents and incense cosmetic materials.

Environmental Study of Effect of Some Plants Extracts on Culex pipiens mosquitoes

Background 
 In the nature there are many plants that play important roles to control mosquitoes, but some of these plants can increased their effect after mixed with another plant. For that, this study aimed to know the effect of mixture of two types of different plants on Culex pipiens mosquitoes in the larva stages and the process of hatching the eggs. 
 Materials and methods 
 In this research the effect of parsley water extract (Petroselinum crispum) and mosses water extract (Funaria sp.) have been taken as mixture in ratio (1:1) to know their effect on Culex pipiens mosquitoes after using different concentrations (4.5, 3.5, 2.5, 1.5, 0.5) mg/l from it.
 Results 
 The results show that percentage of mortalities for C. pipiens larva mosquitoes were (89, 72, 55, 42, 39)%, (89, 62, 56, 36, 38)%, (75, 67, 54, 46, 26)% and (77, 65, 63, 56, 40)% with LC50 (1.8, 2, 2.3, 1.3) mg/l for first, second, third and fourth stage respectively. While the percentage of hatching eggs that exposed to mixture extracts were (31, 43, 65, 71, 83)% with LC50 (3.2) mg/l. Results haven’t shown a significant differentiation among percentage of larva mortalities stages, but they have shown among percentage of hatching eggs in level of probability (0.05), also concentrations have a positive correlation coefficient with percentage of larva mortalities stages and negative with percentage of hatching eggs. 
 Conclusion
 The water extract mixture from water extract of parsley and mosses can be killed larva stages in low concentration and the mortality increases with increased concentration of extract, and can prevented eggs hatching.

Encapsulation of curly parsley extract and its use in creating functional drinks

Drinks are the most suitable matrix for including biologically active ingredients, which opens prospects for expanding the range of functional and preventive foods. World science knows and has proven many functional properties of flavonoids and their effectiveness in treating and preventing various diseases. Therefore, flavonoids are among the most sought-after functional ingredients widely used in the food and pharmaceutical industries. However, their use is limited due to their low bioavailability, low solubility, low stability, and off-target release. Various methods of encapsulation of biologically active substances have been developed. The work aims to develop a functional soft drink with the optimization of the method of introducing biologically active substances into the drink's composition to ensure the preservation of the beneficial properties of the drink during production and storage. A concentrate of biologically active substances isolated from the curly parsley leaves grown in the Russian Federation's Kemerovo region was used as a functional ingredient. The composition of the resulting concentrate was investigated. Also, the research objects were collagen substances obtained from fish waste and sea buckthorn juice concentrate, used as functional ingredients of the drink. The process of obtaining a collagen substance that performs both technological functions in capsules and the role of a functional ingredient has been investigated. Encapsulation of functional ingredients was carried out. As a result of research, a functional non-alcoholic drink formulation was obtained with sea buckthorn juice and an encapsulated extract of biologically active substances from curly parsley (Petroselinum crispum). One serving of the drink contains 1 g of collagen and 40 mg of flavonoids. These results allow calling the product functional and recommend it for inclusion in the diets of a healthy population to improve health and prevent diseases.

Cytotoxicity of Ethanolic Extract of petroselinum sativum against Esophageal Cancer Cell Lines

Digestive system tumors, including esophageal carcinoma considered one of the fatal tumors with a high mortality rate. The search for effective therapeutics is necessary to improve cancer patients’ survival. The classical cancer therapy showed many health problem during long time treatment, therefore alternative medicine needful to improve cancer treatment and reduce side effects.Herbal medicine is the origin of the most effective current cancer therapeutics. parsley (Petroselinum sativum) plant possess multiple pharmacological properties that drive attention to be tested for cancer therapy.This study aimed to evaluate the anti- tumor efficacy of 70% ethanolic extract of parsley (Petroselinum sativum) leaves against human esophageal cancer cell line (SK-GT-4) and normal rat embryonic cells (REF). The assessment of the cytotoxicityeffect of the extract was carried out by crystal violet assay for determining viability of cells CV.Parsley ethanolic extract has reduced the viability of esophageal cancer cells, and the maximum inhibition rate was 39.68 % at the dose of 500 μg/ml. The corresponding values for the normal embryonic (REF) cell (as inhibition rate) were 82% under the same experimental conditions and doses.In conclusion, the result revealed that, although the ethanolic extract has a cytotoxic effect on both esophageal cancer (SK-GT-4) and normal embryonic (REF) cells, but the effectiveness against cancer cells was less evident.

Evaluation of orellanine-induced toxicity from the mushroom Cortinarius orellanus and the antagonistic effect of Petroselinum crispum

Mushroom poisoning is a worldwide public health problem that may cause serious toxic consequences on renal functions. The study aimed to evaluate the acute toxicity (24 h) of orellanine (OR) from Cortinarius orellanus in rat kidney and the ameliorative effect of parsley ethanolic extract. Twelve adult male Wistar rats were used to determine intraperitoneal (ip) median lethal dose (LD50) of OR, and 32 rats were divided into 4 groups (n = 8): OR group had 500 mg OR per kg bwt; OR + parsley group had the same dose of OR and after 1 h had 500 mg/kg parsley orally; parsley group had parsley only; and control had the vehicle 0.1% DMSO. Blood and kidney samples were collected at Hour 48. The LD50 dose was 1430 mg/kg for an observation period of 24 h. There were significant reductions (p < 0.01) in the body weight, and relative kidney weight of intoxicated rats compared to parsley treated rats and to controls. Similarly, this group had significantly higher levels of creatinine (p < 0.001), uric acid and urea (p < 0.05). The antioxidant glutathione peroxidase activity was significantly reduced (p < 0.01), while Cystatin C serum levels were significantly higher (p < 0.001) in the intoxicated untreated rats compared to all groups. Histopathological examination indicated necrotic damage in glomeruli and proximal tubules of rats given OR, which was relieved by parsley extract. Overall, the study showed that parsley extract ameliorated OR-induced kidney toxicity. This could be utilized in future research on adjunct therapy for toxicity-induced renal injury.

Antimicrobial Properties of Bacterial Cellulose Films Enriched with Bioactive Herbal Extracts Obtained by Microwave-Assisted Extraction.

The use of bacterial cellulose (BC) as scaffold for active biofilms is one of the most interesting applications, especially for the biomedical and food industries. However, there are currently few studies evaluating the potential of incorporating herbal extracts into various biomaterials, including BC. Thus, the aim of this study is to report a screening of the total phenolic content and antioxidant and antimicrobial activity of ethanolic extracts of oregano, rosemary, parsley, and lovage. At the same time, the bioactive potential of BC enriched with the four ethanolic extracts is described. Microwave-assisted extraction was used to extract bioactive compounds from the four selected herbs. The physical, mechanical, structural, and chemical properties of BC were also assessed. Next, BC was enriched with the extracts, and their effect against Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, and Candida albicans was evaluated. The results showed that the bioactivity of the herbs varied significantly, with rosemary extract being the most bioactive. The BC films possessed good mechanical properties, and a three-dimensional network fibrillar structure appropriate for ethanolic-extract incorporation. The BC samples enriched with rosemary extracts had the highest antibacterial activity against S. aureus, while E. coli. and C. albicans seemed to be resistant to all extracts, regardless of herbs.

Parsley (Petroselinum crispum Mill.): A source of bioactive compounds as a domestic strategy to minimize cholesterol oxidation during the thermal preparation of omelets

This study evaluated the protective effect of parsley (Petroselinum crispum Mill.) against lipid and cholesterol oxidation in omelets prepared by air frying, pan frying, and microwaving. The bioactive composition and in vitro antioxidant capacity of parsley extract was characterized. Compounds such as phenolic acids and their derivatives (p-coumaric acid, p-coumaric acid 4-O-hexoside) and flavonoids (apigenin 7-glucoside, quercetin-O-pentosyl-hexoside) were identified in parsley by UHPLC-ESI-MS. Moreover, the presence of these bioactive constituents was investigated in omelets. Cooking induced lipid oxidation and increased the level of cholesterol oxidation products (COPs) in control omelets, which was more pronounced after air frying and microwaving. The total content of COPs increased from 40.69 ± 2.26 μg/g (raw) to 821.05 ± 13.77 μg/g (air frying), 805.21 ± 14.50 μg/g (microwaving), and 311.07 ± 13.84 μg/g (pan frying). The addition of parsley proved to be effective reducing COPs formation, mainly in air-fried samples with 0.75% parsley (81.73% of protection). Chromatographic analyses revealed the thermo-degradation of parsley compounds, since only two flavonoids detected in parsley were found in omelets containing the herb after cooking. Nonetheless, these findings indicate the potential application of parsley as a natural inhibitor of cholesterol and lipid oxidation in food systems such as omelets.

Anti-fatigue activity of parsley (Petroselinum crispum) flavonoids via regulation of oxidative stress and gut microbiota in mice

Parsley, a common vegetable, is widely used as a condiment because its flavor. However, its biological functionality remains largely ignored. In this study, the antioxidant activity-guided separation method was used to obtain four characteristic 7-O-flavonoid glycosides from parsley. An excessive fatigue mouse model was used to evaluate the anti-fatigue effects of the different parsley extracts. The results showed that parsley flavonoids could significantly improve fatigue related physiological indicators and morphology of the gastrocnemius muscle. Western blotting indicated that parsley flavonoids could regulate oxidative stress and exert an anti-fatigue effect by regulating the Keap1/Nrf2 and AMPK/PGC-1α pathways. Furthermore, the intake of flavonoids stimulated the enrichment of probiotics and short chain fatty acid producing microbiota, which likely participate in the body's energy metabolism and regulate fatigue. The present findings expand the conventional understanding of parsley as a seasoning food, proving that it has the potential for further development as a functional food.

The study of herbs extracts composition in the drying process

Medicinal and flavoring herbs are widely used in herbal medicine. Various methods are used to study plants, evaluate the efficiency of extraction of biologically active target components. The process control is carried out by chromatographic, spectral methods. The search for new fast, affordable, simple methods of analysis is currently relevant. The dry droplet weighing method of the extract was proposed as an alternative to the known methods. The analysis of flavoring herb parsley extracts by four methods (spectrophotometry, refractometry, thin layer chromatography and direct dry drop weighing) was carried out. The objects of study were fresh protected ground parsley and the Indana brand dried parsley. Fresh parsley was dried and the change in the chemical composition of water-alcohol extracts was monitored for 16 days. Compounds in the extracts were identified by differential spectra. It was found out that the amount of substances extracted from the flavoring herb was greater than in the dry sample after 12 days of drying. The composition of the mobile phase for thin layer fast chromatography was selected. The best separation of chlorophylls from related substances occurs at a volume ratio of toluene and ethyl alcohol of 5:5 and 6:4. The sensitivity of the refractometry method does not allow determining the difference in the composition of fresh parsley extracts. Using the method of direct piezoquartz microweighing, it was proved that with an increase in the drying time of parsley, the number of compounds in a dry drop of the extract increases. The most sensitive method i.e. piezoquartz microweighing, the MCNano-WPQ-8 device can be used in non-laboratory conditions for express monitoring of plant materials drying in small manufactures. it is simpler, cheaper, more compact and more sensitive than other devices. The device and approach were tested on various types of phyto raw materials.

The Effectivity of Parsley (Petroselinum crispum) Extract on The Growth Inhibition of Candida Albicans

Background: Denture stomatitis is a type of Candida-associated infection that mainly affects the palatal mucosa. Candida albicans is one of the normal flora that is considered to be the primary etiologic agent in the pathogenesis of denture stomatitis. Denture decontamination is necessary to prevent denture stomatitis. One method of decontamination is by immersing removable dentures in an antifungal solution. Parsley (Petroselinum crispum) is a medicinal plant showing antifungal activity. Objectives: To determine the effectivity of immersion of acrylic resin Plate in parsley extract on inhibition of growth of Candida albicans. Methods: The effectivity of immersion of heat-cured acrylic resin plates in parsley extract on inhibition of C. albicans growth was tested using an experimental laboratory study with a post-test-only control group design. Thirty samples were divided into 5 groups as 0.01%, 0.02%, and 0.05% parsley ethanol extract, 0.1% sodium hypochlorite, and sterile aquadest. The number of colony forming units per mL was obtained after calculating the colonies on SDA media, allowing the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) obtained according to the formula. Results: 0.01% parsley ethanol extract is MIC with a mean of 7.4 CFU / ml, which inhibited the growth of C. albicans by 31.05%. The Kruskal Wallis test (p&lt;0.001) results indicate that there is an effectivity of immersion of acrylic resin plate in parsley extract on inhibition of growth of C. albicans. Conclusions: The immersion of acrylic resin plates in parsley ethanol extract with a concentration of 0.01%, 0.02%, and 0.04% has effectivity on the inhibition of growth of C. albicans.

Anti-Corrosion Mechanism of Parsley Extract and Synergistic Iodide as Novel Corrosion Inhibitors for Carbon Steel-Q235 in Acidic Medium by Electrochemical, XPS and DFT Methods.

The parsley extract (PLE) was prepared using absolute ethyl alcohol. The PLE and synergistic iodide were firstly utilized as efficacious corrosion inhibitors to slow down the corrosion rate of carbon steel-Q235 in 0.5 mol/L H2SO4 solution. The anti-corrosion performance was researched by weight loss method, electrochemical tests, surface analysis and quantum chemistry calculation. Results of electrochemical and weight loss tests show that the synergetic PLE and I− exhibit the optimal corrosion inhibition efficiency 99%. The combined inhibitor displays the favorable long-term corrosion inhibition effect, and the inhibition efficiency can maintain more than 90% after 144 h immersion. The introduction of I− makes carbon steel surface with higher negative charge amount, which could be beneficial to the interaction between corrosion inhibitor and Fe atoms. The adsorption behavior obeys the Langmuir isotherm adsorption, and involves chemical and physical adsorption. On the basis of electrochemical consequences and theoretical calculation, the adsorption process and anti-corrosion mechanisms are further explored.

Medicinal Plants Extracts Impact on Oxidative Stress in Mice Brain Under the Physiological Conditions: the Effects of Corn Silk, Parsley, and Bearberry.

This study was performed to examine the effects of medicinal plant extracts of corn silk (Stigma maydis), parsley leaf (Petroselini folium), and bearberry leaf (Uvae ursi folium) on antioxidant status of the brain of experimental animals (mice) under the physiological conditions. Biological properties of these plants are insufficiently investigated and the aim was to explore their possible antioxidant effects that can alleviate oxidative damage of the brain tissue. Corn silk extract showed positive effect on activities of antioxidant enzymes in mice brain tissue. Parsley extract induced the increase in glutathione content and decrease of lipid peroxidation. Bearberry leaf extract induced catalase activity and decrease of hydroxyl radical content, while malonyldialdehide accumulation was maintained at the control level. Results obtained in this study support the use of corn silk, parsley and bearberry leaves as natural antioxidant sources in the prevention and treatment of brain tissue damages and different diseases caused by oxidative stress.

Bioactive compounds of parsley (Petroselinum crispum), chives (Allium schoenoprasum L) and their mixture (Brazilian cheiro-verde) as promising antioxidant and anti-cholesterol oxidation agents in a food system

This study determined the bioactive composition and antioxidant potential of parsley, chives and their mixture (Brazilian cheiro-verde). Additionally, the effect of these herbs against cholesterol oxidation in grilled sardines (Sardinella brasiliensis) was also investigated. Ultra-high Performance Liquid Chromatography-Electrospray Ionization-Mass Spectrometry (UHPLC-ESI-MS) analyses revealed the presence of phenolic acids (caffeic, chlorogenic, and ferulic acids) and flavonoids (apigenin, kaempferol, catechin) in the herbs. Higher levels of phenolics (2.10 ± 0.02 mg GAE/g) and carotenoids (205.95 ± 0.17 µg/g) were determined in parsley extracts. Moreover, parsley also presented higher antioxidant capacity by DPPH (59.21 ± 0.07 %) and ORAC (109.94 ± 18.7 µM TE/g) than the other herbs. In vivo analyses demonstrated that the herbs’ extracts decreased the damage on Saccharomyces cerevisiae cells exposed to H2O2, except the chives extract at 10 μg/mL. Higher levels of cholesterol oxidation products (COPs) were determined after grilling. The total COPs increased from 61.8 ± 0.7 (raw fish) to 139.7 ± 10.1 µg/g (control). However, the addition of herbs effectively reduced cholesterol oxides formation, this effect was more pronounced in fish containing 4% parsley and 4% cheiro-verde. Promising results were found for cheiro-verde; however, it did not present synergic antioxidant effects.

Impact of Parsley Extract on Experimental Rats with Kidney Stones and using it to make some food products

ABSTRACT Parsley is a rich source of natural antioxidants. The current study aims to study the impact of aquas extract of parsley cultivated in Egypt on experimental rats with kidney stones then using it to make some products. Biochemical analysis and histopathological properties were investigated using forty eight male albino rats which divided into two main groups, the first: control group (P) fed on basal diet, while the second was fed on basal diet and Ethylene glycol and ammonium chloride for 30 days to induce urolithiasis, Then divided to 5 subgroups, positive control(pc)fed on basal diet, the others were divided into four groups (P1,P3) fed on basal diet plus 5%, 10 % of aques extract of parsley seeds, respectively, (P2,P4) Fed on basal diet plus 5%, 10% of aques extract of parsley leaves respectively. Also, prepared 5 products (Ice cream, Eggplant salad, Creme bavaroise, Russian salad and Tuna salad )using aques extract of parsley leaves, and seeds. The results showed significant decrease in treated groups in serum urea, creatinine, uric acid and electrolytes. Also, declared that parsley has a nephroprotective and antiurolithiatic effects. According to sensory evaluation of all products revealed non- significant decrease in (p < 0.05) in color, texture, odor, taste and general acceptability. concerning histopathological studies´ results declared that good effects on kidney and liver المستخلص العربي البقدونس مصدر طبيعي غني بمضادات الأکسدة . تهدف الدراسة الحالية إلى دراسة تأثير المستخلص المائي للبقدونس على فئران التجارب المصابة بحصوات الکلى وإمکانية استخدامه لعمل بعض المنتجات الغذائية. تم دراسة التحليل الحيوى الکميائى والفحص الهستوباثولوجي باستخدام 48 فأر من ذکورالألبينو. تم تقسيم الفئران إلى مجموعتين رئيسيتين ، المجموعة الرئيسية الأولى: تم تغذيتها على النظام الغذائي الأساسي کمجموعة ضابطة سالبة ، والمجموعة الرئيسية الثانية: تم تغذيتها على النظام الغذائي الأساسي وتلقت الإيثيلين جلايکول وکلوريد الأمونيوم في ماء الشرب لمدة 30 يوما للحث على تکوين الحصوات. تم تقسيم المجموعة الرئيسية التانية الي5 مجموعات فرعية واحدة منهم کمجموعة ضابطة موجبة ،وباقي الفئران مقسم إلى4مجموعات (P1,P3) تم تغذيتها على النظام الغذائي الأساسي وتلقت 5٪ ، 10٪ على التوالي من المستخلص المائي لبذور البقدونس في ماء الشرب, (P2,P4) تم تغذيتها على النظام الغذائي الأساسي وتلقت 5٪ ، 10٪ على التوالي من المستخلص المائي لأوراق البقدونس في ماء الشرب . وتم إعداد 5 منتجات باستخدام المستخلص المائي لبذور وأوراق البقدونس. أظهرت النتائج انخفاضا معنويا في المجموعات المعالجة في اليوريا والکرياتينين وحمض البوليک والشوارد في الدم. واتضح أن البقدونس له تأثيرات علاجية لحصوات الکلي . وأظهر التقييم الحسي لجميع المنتجات انخفاض غير معنوي(p <0.05) في اللون والقوام والرائحة والطعم والمظهر العام . وأشارت النتائج الهستوباثولوجية إلى وجود تأثيرات جيدة في نسيج الکلى والکبد. الکلمات الرئيسية: بذور البقدونس - حصوات الکلي - الإيثيلين جلايکول - کلوريد الأمونيوم - وظائف الکلى - التقييم الحسي - إنزيمات الأکسدة – الفحص الهيستوباثولوجي – فئران التجارب.

Estimateof Biological Activity of Parsleyextract on the Isolated Pathogenic Bacteria in Baghdad City

This research investigates the most common urinary tract infection bacteria and their susceptibility to antibiotic disc and parsley (Aquas and methanol) extracts. The urinary tract microbial were isolated from patients of urinary tract infection (UTI) pregnant women patients from Baghdad Hospital. The pathogenic organisms were collected, cultured and identified. 50 microbial isolate wasset as, E. coli 56 (46.66%), Staphylococcus aureus19 (15.8%). Proteus mirabilis 6 (5%) and Klebsiella pneumonia3 (2.5%). The pathogenic bacterial showed various zone of sensitivity to different antibiotics. Within the parsley Antimicrobial activity ranged from 3 to 20 mm. Antibacterial activity of parsley extract (5-22) mm on UTI isolated pregnant women and methanol extracts was between (3-15) mm. Therefore, Parsley extract had a pharmacological to treat all of 50 isolates that were identify from patients. In conclusion, the findings suggested that different extractsmay content as a broad-spectrum bactericidal factor, to control the emergent pathogens any way of their drug resistance mechanismsto treat urinary tract infections

The protective effect of the aqueous extract of parsley (Petroselinum sativum ) seeds on experimentally – induced oxidative stress in rats

In this study, the potential protective effect of aqueous extract of parsley (Petroselinum sativum) seeds against hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) – induced oxidative stress in male rats was assessed. Three groups of male albino rats were randomly divided (n=7) and were handled for twenty-eight days as follows: rats in group I served as control; animals in group || were provided with drinking water containing 0.5% H2O2 and those in group III received orally 8 mg/100 gm B.W. of aqueous extract of parsley seeds plus 0.5% H2O2 in drinking water. After four weeks experimental period, a significant increase in lipid peroxidation products (MDA), and decrease in glutathione (GSH) concentrations were observed in plasma, kidney, liver and heart tissues of H2O2 treated animals as compared with the control group. These biomarkers (GSH and MDA) are interrelated and indicate the occurrence of oxidative stress. Plasma total cholesterol (TC) concentration was significantly increased in H2O2 treated rats. By administration of aqueous extract of parsley along with H2O2, plasma and tissue GSH levels were significantly increased while the elevation in MDA level was diminished in plasma and different tissues examined. A decrease in plasma cholesterol concentration was recorded in H2O2 and parsley treated group as compared with the control one and H2O2 treated groups. These results indicate that aqueous extract of parsley have hypocholesterolemic and antioxidant effect.

Effects of Parsley (Petroselinum Crispum) Hydroalcoholic Extract on Spermatogenesis and Pituitary- Gonadal Axis in Streptozotocin-Induced Diabetic Male Rat

BACKGROUND: Diabetes mellitus (DM), as a metabolic disease, has a high rate of mortality all over the world. In recent years, there is accumulating evidence that show this complex multifactorial disease has various effects on reproductive system. OBJECTIVES: This study aimed to investigate the effect of hydroalcoholic extract of parsley (Petroselinum cris-pum) leaves on spermatogenesis and pituitary-gonadal axis in male streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetic rats. METHODS: In the present study, 60 male rats were divided into 5 groups of 12 animals in each: control, DM control and 3 experimental groups (treated with doses 1, 2, and 4 gr/kg of hydroalcoholic extract of parsley leaves gavage for 28 days). DM was induced 48 h after intraperitoneal injection of a single dose of STZ (65 mg/kg). At the end of the treatment, rats were bled from the heart and follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH), luteinizing hormone (LH) and testosterone levels were measured. The testes of rats were isolated and weighed. Assessment of the sperm motility and evaluation of the seminiferous cells were performed using light microscopy. RESULTS: Comparison of LH, FSH and testosterone in rats treated with doses 1 mg/kg of hydroalcoholic extract of the plant revealed a significant increase as compared to the diabetic control group (P≤0.05). In addition, the results of histopathological evaluation elucidated a significant increase in the sperm cells number, and motility, testis weight, and total sperm count. It also improved condition of the seminiferous cells in the experimental group (1 mg/kg) compared to the diabetic control group (P≤0.001). CONCLUSIONS: It seems that parsley (P. crispum) hydroalcoholic extract can be effective in decreasing repro-ductive disorders in DM patients.

Incorporation of Natural Blueberry, Red Grapes and Parsley Extract By-Products into the Production of Chitosan Edible Films.

The aim of the research was to produce edible packaging based on chitosan with the addition of various concentrations of extracts of blueberry, red grape and parsley marcs. Packaging was made from extrudate extracts, which were subsequently analyzed by physicochemical methods: zeta-potential, gas barrier properties, thickness, water content, solubility, swelling degree, textural properties, total polyphenol content (TPC), polyphenols by high pressure liquid chromatography (HPLC), antioxidant activity, attenuated total reflectance Fourier-Transform spectroscopy (FTIR), antimicrobial activity and determination of migration of bioactive substances. The results indicate that a higher content of plant extracts have a statistically significant (p < 0.05) influence on properties of experimentally produced edible films. Edible films produced with the highest concentrations of red grapes marc extracts showed the most advantageous properties since antimicrobial activity against E. coli were the highest in this kind of produced film. The physical properties of edible films were also improved by the addition of extracts; gas permeability toward oxygen can be defined as advantageous, as can swelling degree, which decreased with higher concentrations of extracts. The research emphasized the possibility to use plant foodstuffs by-products in the production of edible/biodegradable films, helping in the overall sustainability and eco-friendliness of food/package production.

A feasible and low-cost green route to prepare ZnO with n or p-type conductivity by changing the parsley extract concentration

ZnO samples were prepared by an easy process based on green synthesis using three different concentrations of the parsley extract as natural reducing agents. The semiconductors were characterized structural, morphological, and opto-electronically by XRD, SEM-EDS, diffuse reflectance, and photo-response, respectively. Hexagonal structure ZnO-based semiconductors were obtained after the annealing process at 400ºC. The morphology, bandgap, and photo-response of the synthesized samples were sensitive to the extract concentrations used in this work. The incorporation of Mg traces in the bulk of ZnO produced changes in the c-lattice parameter, consequently forming native defects such as Oi and Vo. The bandgap increased as the Mg content in the ZnO increased too. The photo-response analysis suggested that the samples with 0.44 and 1.33 at% of Mg were p-type ZnO, while the sample with 2.01 at% was n-type ZnO. It likely means that the conductivity type and other optoelectronic characteristics depend on the Mg content in the ZnO samples and the formation of predominant native defects due to the interaction of Mg with the crystalline structure.

The Protective Role of Parsley extract on Carbimazole Induced Histopathological Alterations in The Exocrine Pancreas of Adult Male Albino Rat.

Abstract:Introduction: Carbimazole is used in the treatment of hyperthyroidism. Parsley is a common herb used in various types of industries such as food, cosmetics, and pharmaceuticals.Aim of the study: The current experiment is aimed to assess the harmful effect of carbimazole on the exocrine part of the pancreas of adult male albino rats and to analyze the protective role of parsley extract. Material and methods: twenty-eight rats were used and divided equally into control group, parsley group that was administered 1 ml of parsley extract /150 g/day for 8 weeks, carbimazole group that was treated with 1.35 mg of carbimazole/Kg/day for 8 weeks, and carbimazole and parsley extract-treated group that received both carbimazole and parsley extract in the same doses and durations as the previous groups. The pancreatic specimens were dissected out and prepared for light and electron microscopic examination.Results: Carbimazole induced clear histopathological alterations in the rat pancreas compared to the control group. There was degeneration in the epithelial cells of pancreatic acini with cytoplasmic vacuolation and a marked decrease in apical acidophilia. Widening in the intercellular space with mononuclear cellular infiltration and blood vessel congestion were also noticed. Morphological analysis showed a significant increase in collagen fibers in-between the pancreatic acini, around the blood vessels, and the interlobular ducts. Ultrastructure analysis also revealed dilatation in the rough endoplasmic reticulum, ballooning mitochondria with disturbed cristae as well as less electron-dense secretory granules. However, carbimazole and parsley extract co-treated showed major improvement in the histology and ultrastructure of pancreatic tissue.In conclusion: the results verified the protective role of parsley against the toxic effect of carbimazole which could belong to the antioxidant properties of parsley.KeywordsCarbimazole; Pancreas; Histopathology; Parsley; ultrastructure