Extracts Of Human Urine Research Articles

IDENTIFICATION AND MEASUREMENT OF GROWTH HORMONE IN EXTRACTS OF HUMAN URINE.

Evidence is presented to indicate that biologically active human growth hormone (HGH) can be extracted from normal human urine and quantitatively measured. The antigenic identity of HGH in urine extracts has been demonstrated on Ouchterlony plates. Hemagglutination-inhibition studies indicate that more than 5 times as much HGH is present in extracts of urine from patients with active untreated acromegaly as in extracts of urine from normals. No HGH was detected in urine extracts from each of 4 hypophysectomized patients.

Pattern of oestriol conjugates in human cord blood, amniotic fluid, and urine of newborns.

ABSTRACT Free and conjugated oestriol (oestra-1.3.5(10)-triene-3,16α,17β-triol) were measured in extracts of human cord blood, amniotic fluid and urine of newborns and the pattern of oestriol conjugates in these body fluids was determined. The bulk of oestriol occurred in a conjugated form, with more free oestriol (12 %) in cord blood than in amniotic fluid (2.5 %) or urine of newborns (1.5%). Sodium oestriol-3-sulphate has been identified in extracts of cord blood, amniotic fluid and urine of newborns. It is the principal oestriol conjugate of the cord blood (86% of total conjugated oestriol), but is only a minor component in the amniotic fluid (15 %) or in the urine of newborns (11%). Sodium oestriol-16(17?)-glucosiduronate has been identified in extracts of amniotic fluid and urine of newborns, and partially characterized in extracts of cord blood. It constitutes some 50% of the total conjugated oestriol of the amniotic fluid and urine of newborns, but amounts only to approximately 1 % of the total conjugated oestriol of cord blood. Three additional oestriol conjugates have been detected and partially characterized in the body fluids studied. Two of them appear to be dior tri-glucosiduronates. The quantitatively most important third one is a double conjugate: possibly oestriol-3-sulphate-16 and/or 17-glucosiduronate, or oestriol-3-sulpho-glucuronide. It is suggested that transconjugation of oestriol-3-sulphate into oestriol glucosiduronates takes place in the human foetus and newborn.

Differential haemopoietic response of rat and guinea pig to extracts of human urine.

Differential haemopoietic response of rat and guinea pig to extracts of human urine.

Paper chromatographic studies of pregnancy urine.

ABSTRACT By a special chromatographic procedure three chemically well-defined, presumably protein or polypeptide fractions could be separated from extracts of human pregnancy urine. Only one of these fractions had any gonadotrophic activity as measured by the male frog test.

Separation and Properties of Urinary Hemopoietine

Abstract Methods are described for the separation of nondialyzable material with erythropoietic activity (urinary hemopoietine), from urine of rabbits made anemic (< 5g Hb/100) by phenylhydrazine and of patients with aplastic anemia (< 5g Hb/100). The material obtained was assayed for its effects on Fe59 distribution 3 and 24 hours after tracer injection. The active extracts produced a marked increase in the rate of Fe59 clearance from plasma, and in the fraction of the injected Fe59 appearing in erythrocytes at 3 and 24 hours. Effect of the extracts was seen to be a linear function of log dose. The extracts prepared from urine of patients with aplastic anemia had a specific activity about 3 times higher than that obtained from urine of phenylhydrazine rabbits. The fractions of highest specific activity obtained from rabbit’s urine were (a) that precipitating between 50-75 per cent ethanol at pH 4.5; (b) adsorbed by kaolin at pH 4.5 and eluted at pH 7-8; and (c) adsorbed by D.E.A.E. cellulose at pH 4.5 and eluted by 0.2 M Na2HPO4 in 0.5 M. NaC1. Only the ethanol procedure was used for human urine, and it was seen that specific activities of the 0-50 and 50-75 per cent fractions were similar. The fractions obtained from human and rabbit urine showed great variability in hexose, sialic acid and hexosamine contents, and no clear correlation was apparent between gross chemical composition and erythropoietic activity. Paper electrophoresis showed the presence of a single component moving behind albumin, in both active and inactive extracts of human urine.

The excretion and stability to metabolism of bretylium.

Bretylium (o-bromobenzylethyldimethylammonium) is a new type of hypotensive drug. It was estimated in extracts of human urine as the methyl orange complex. From 7 to 45% of a single oral dose was found in human urine within 9 hr. The [(14)C] labelled drug was used to investigate excretion by cats. A minor proportion of a subcutaneous dose was eliminated by cats in the faeces, probably after secretion into the bile. Most of the dose was excreted unchanged in the urine. No products of metabolism were found in either human or cat urine. The drug suffered negligible change when incubated with rat liver tissue in vitro.

THE EFFECT OF GONADOTROPHINS AND ANDROGEN ON SPERMIOGENESIS IN THE IMMATURE RAT

SUMMARY Precocious differentiation of spermatids was induced in intact pre-pubertal rats aged 25 and 28 days by seven daily injections of 20 i.u. pregnant mares' serum (PMS). Injections of 10 i.u. PMS, various doses of chorionic gonadotrophin, androgen and extracts of human postmenopausal urine were not effective in accelerating the process of spermiogenesis.

A Comparison of Methods for the Analysis of Estrone, Estradiol, and Estriol in Extracts of Human Urine

A Comparison of Methods for the Analysis of Estrone, Estradiol, and Estriol in Extracts of Human Urine

Isolation of polar reducing corticosteroids from human urine

Ethyl acetate extracts of human urine have been analyzed by the use of paper chromatography for polar reducing corticosteroids. 6β-Hydroxycortisol (as diacetate) has been isolated in crystalline form from urinary extracts of normal men with and without cortisol feeding. 3α, 11β,17α,21-Tetrahydroxypregnane-20-one was isolated in the unconjugated form from urine following the feeding of cortisol to normal men. Two other reducing steroids more polar than cortisol and most likely C 21O 6 steroids have been partially characterized.

The physiological basis for a method of assaying aldosterone in extracts of human urine.

The physiological basis for a method of assaying aldosterone in extracts of human urine.

STUDY OF THE HYPERGLYCEMIC ACTIVITY OF NORMAL HUMAN URINE1

EARLIER experiments from this laboratory (Moya and Hoffman, 1954) showed that extracts of normal human urine are hyperglycemic and glycogenolytic, and that stimulation of glycogenolysis in vitro is due to some agent other than pancreatic glucagon. In later experiments (Moya, 1955) it was shown that the in vitro glycogenolytic activity of these preparations was due to the presence of urinary amylase. The present study is concerned with an investigation of the principle in these extracts responsible for their hyperglycemic action. It appears from the findings presented below that the hyperglycemic effect is due to a hypotensive agent which induces the release of endogenous epinephrine, which in turn results in an increase in blood sugar. methods and results Male New Zealand white rabbits weighing between 2 and 4 kg. were used, all animals being fed the same commercial diet (Purina). The substances injected were dissolved in 2 ml. of isotonic phosphate-buffered saline (pH 7.4), prepared as indicated below.

THE CHARACTERIZATION OF FOUR NEW METABOLITES OF ADRENOCORTICAL HORMONES

SUMMARY 1. Four new metabolites of adrenal hormones have been isolated from human urine after ACTH administration and identified by isotopic dilution after a tracer dose of hydrocortisone-4-C14. The compounds obtained were (1) pregnane3ar,llp, 17o(,20a,21-pentol; (2) 3a, 1701,20a,21-tetra- hydroxypregnane-11-one; (3) pregnane-3a!, lip ,17a ,208,21-pentol; (4) 3ar, 17~~) 2Op ,21-tetrahydroxypregnane-1 l-one. Trivial names were sug- gested for these products. 2. On the basis of the isotopic dilution studies it was estimated that these compounds represent a minimum of 30 per cent of the metabolites of hydrocortisone found in the neutral ether-soluble extract of human urine after hydrolysis of their conjugates by means of beef liver @-glu- curonidase. 3. 3a, 17ar ,2Oa!, 21-Tetrahydroxypregnane-11-one was isolated from human urine after administration of 100 mg. of cortisone-t by vein. It was estimated that the metabolite represented about 6 per cent of radio- activity in the neutral ether-soluble fraction after hydrolysis by means of beef liver p-glucuronidase. 4. A novel and efficient synthesis for 3a, 17a,20a,21-tetrahydroxy- pregnane-11-one was described. The procedure is based upon the solvoly- sis of 3~r, 17a( ,21-triacetoxy-20P-p-toluenesulfonoxypregnane-ll-one with aqueous acetic acid in the presence of potassium acetate. The reaction is an example of “neighboring group effect ” in an acetyl migration with inversion of configuration. 5. The preparation of the related compounds, 3a,21-diacetoxy-17a-hy- droxy-20P-p-toluenesulfonoxypregnane-11-one, 3a,21-diacetoxy-17~u, ~OLU- epoxypregnane-11-one, and pregnane-3oL, llfl ,17ar ,2Oa! ,21 -pentol has been described. The authors express their gratitude to their colleagues Dr. Leon Hellman and Dr. Olaf Pearson for their cooperation in the studies with patients. We are especially indebted to Evelyn Meyer for technical assistance and to Friederike Herling for her valuable contributions to the interpretation of the infra-red spectra.

Mammotrophic activity of extracts of human urine. A preliminary report

Mammotrophic activity of extracts of human urine. A preliminary report

On the role of the hypothalamic-neurohypophyseal neurosecretion in the liberation of the adenohypophyseal hormones.

1) Adult mongrel dogs, albino male rats, and human subjects were employed test the effect of Vasopressin and Oxytocin on the adenohypophysis. The experiments were carried out in three groups: Pitressin-injected, Pitocin-injected, and human urine Extract-injected groups.2) By the injection of Pitressin, the pituitary-adrenocortical system is stimulated and the secretion of ACTH increases.3) After the administration of human urine Extract, possessing a striking antidiuretic activity, similar changes as by the Pitressin injection occurs in the function of the pituitary-adrenocortical system.4) Pitocin seems to increase the secretion of the gonadotrophic hormone, judged by the fractionations of urinary 17-ketosteroids and histological findings of adenohypophysis.5) Brief discussions have been made on the concept that the anterior pituitary stimulated by the hypothalamic-pituitary neurosecretion.

Bioassay of mineralocorticoids: relationship of structure to physiological activity.

Adrenal cortical extracts and human urine contain a corticosteroid of great potency measured by its effect on sodium and potassium excretion and on the survival of adrenalectomized animals. Wintersteiner and Pfiffner (1936) found that very small doses of the “amorphous fractions” of adrenal cortical estract maintained life after adrenalectomy. Simpson and Tait (1953), Mattox, Mason, and Albert (1953), and Knauff, Nielson and Haines (1953) have prepared crystalline materials of very similar properties and of high activity on sodium and potassium excretion. The chemical structure of this mineralocorticoid has recently been described as the 11–18 hemiacetal of 18-aldehydo-corticosterone by Simpson, Tait, Wettstein, Neher, v. Euw, Schindler, and Reichstein (1954), who have suggested the definitive term, aldosterone. Grollman and Firor (1932) demonstrated that extracts of human urine prolonged the survival of adrenalectomized animals. The urine of edematous patients with lipemic nephrosis, heart failure, and h...

The demonstration of a non-estrogenic uterine stimulating and estrogen augmenting substance in pregnant mares' urine.

THE occurrence of substances, in the extracts of human urine and of testes, that are capable of augmenting the effects of estrogens or androgens has been postulated and demonstrated by various workers. Freud and co-workers (1933, 1935) obtained factors from extracts of testes and human urine that augmented the effects of androgens, although possessing no androgenic activity themselves. Emmens (1938) described the presence of substances in the phenolic fraction of normal human female urine which in themselves were non-estrogenic, but when given orally, increased the potency of estriol injected subcutaneously. Emmens (1939) also demonstrated that when normal human female urine was fractionated into phenolic, neutral, and acidic fractions and each fraction was assayed separately, the sum of the potency of the fractions was about 50 per cent less than that of the original starting material or that obtained when the fractions were recombined.

The renal excretion of digitoxin in the normal subject after single and continuous administration of the drug.

By employing the embryonic duck heart method to assay digitoxin quantitatively in extracts of human urine, it was found that, contrary to previous opinion, a large percentage of ingested or in-injected digitoxin is excreted via the kidney in a physiologically active state. Approximately 40 per cent of a digitalizing dose (1.2 mg.) is excreted over a period of 12 to 24 days. The average rate of renal excretion in theoretically digitalized normal young individuals was found to vary from 30 to 50 µg. of digitoxin per day, while those showing signs or symptoms of overdosage excreted significantly greater amounts of digitoxin.

A serologic study of chorionic gonadotrophin.

Summary1. Seventeen rabbits were immunized with “APL,” which is a combined extract of human placental tissue and pregnancy urine. Seven rabbits (6 females) produced detectable antibodies. 2. Two hundred eighty-five urines submitted for pregnancy tests were tested for the presence of CG by biological and serological methods. 3. Sative rabbit CG antiserum tends to give many cross-reactions. Therefore, it is necessary to absorb the serum and test it for potency and specificity prior to use in testing urines for the presence of increased amounts of CG. 4. It is suggested that it may be possible to use this serologic method for the detection of pregnancy; the development of an antiserum of somewhat greater specificity would be advantageous.

Reduction in eosinophil level of adrenalectomized mice following injection of adrenocorticotropin, 11-dehydro-17-hydroxycorticosterone and lipid extracts of human urine.

ARTICLESReduction in Eosinophil Level of Adrenalectomized Mice Following Injection of Adrenocorticotropin, 11-Dehydro-17-Hydroxycorticosterone and Lipid Extracts of Human UrineEugenia Rosemberg, and Roger A. LewisEugenia Rosemberg, and Roger A. LewisPublished Online:01 Sep 1950https://doi.org/10.1152/jappl.1950.3.3.164MoreSectionsPDF (1 MB)Download PDF ToolsExport citationAdd to favoritesGet permissionsTrack citations ShareShare onFacebookTwitterLinkedInWeChat Previous Back to Top Download PDF FiguresReferencesRelatedInformation More from this issue > Volume 3Issue 3September 1950Pages 164-172 https://doi.org/10.1152/jappl.1950.3.3.164PubMed14778789History Published online 1 September 1950 Published in print 1 September 1950 Metrics

THE EFFECTS OF SOME URINARY EXTRACTS ON GASTRIC SECRETION IN THE SHAY OPERATED RAT

Following the general procedure of Risley, Raymond, and Barnes the effects of urinary extracts on gastric secretion have been studied in the Shay operated young, male, albino rat. The procedure consisted of ligating the pylorus following a 24 hr. fast. Immediately postoperatively the test material was administered. After a five hour period the stomach was removed, opened, and rinsed into 10 ml. of distilled water. An aliquot of this was titrated for its free and total acid content. Human chorionic gonadotrophin and preparations obtained by the benzoic acid absorption method from human and equine pregnancy urine were studied for their effects on gastric section using the above technique after subcutaneous, intraduodenal, and oral administration. It was found that chorionic gonadotrophin caused gastric secretory depression at a dose level as low as 10 mgm. per rat subcutaneously. Both the human and equine preparations were observed to reduce the gastric secretion proportionately to the dose when administered subcutaneously. When administered by intraduodenal injection at the time of operation, the equine preparation was active but required several times the subcutaneous dose to produce comparable results. Oral administration of both equine and human pregnancy urine extracts showed antisecretory activity only in the former at the dose levels employed. In addition, the effects of possible complicating factors such as estrogens, pyrogens, and nonspecific damage on gastric secretion have been investigated and found to play no appreciable part in the results produced by the urine fractions.