Betel Leaf Extract Research Articles

Potential Red Leaves Extract on Improving The Effectiveness of Antibiotic in Postpartum (Study Experiment of Perineum Wound Healing Process)

Background: Puerperal infection is caused by the entry of bacteria through uterine or perineal wounds. These bacteria can trigger proinflammatory cytokines. Excessive proinflammatory response results in tissue damage, septic shock to death. Among the non-pharmacological methods are extracts of red betel leaves which have phytochemical screening of flavonoids and tannins as antibacterial and antiseptic.Purposes: Knowing the potential of simplicia extract of red betel leaf on increasing the effectiveness of antibiotic in postpartum (study experiment of the process of healing of perineal wounds).Method: Quasi-experimental post-test only with control group design. Subjects were postpartum mothers with episiotomy perineal wounds that were sewn at Ummu Hani Purbalingga Mothers and Child Hospital using purposive sampling with a total of 38 respondents. The treatment group was given amoxicillin and red betel leaf simplicia extract, the control group was given amoxicillin and perineum wound care standard service. Provision of intervention carried out for 7 days, the measurement instrument for perineal wound healing is the REEDA score. Data analysis using independent t-test.Result: An independent test between the two groups found a mean difference in perineal wound healing p-value 0.0001. On intervention group the mean of perineal wound healing in day 5 and control group day 7.Conclusion: There is potential for simplicia red betel leaf extract to increase the effectiveness of antibiotic in postpartum.

Uji Toksisitas Ekstrak Daun Sirih (Piper betle) Terhadap Benih Ikan Kakap Putih (Lates calcarifer)

White snapper (Lates calcarifer) is a type of seawater fish that is in great demand by the public. This study aims to determine the 48-hour LC50 value and the effect of using betel leaf extract on the health status of white snapper. This research was conducted in July 2020 which took place at the Sekotong Coastal Aquaculture Development Center (BPBPP), West Lombok Regency, West Nusa Tenggara. This research was conducted using experimental methods. This study used 5 treatments and three replications, to obtain 15 experimental units with doses of 0 ppm, 80 ppm, 90 ppm, 100 ppm and 200 ppm. Data analysis was performed using a linear regression test, namely probit analysis by testing the mortality of tested animals and calculated through statistical data using Microsoft Excel. The higher the betel leaf extract concentration, the higher the number of white snapper seed deaths. This happens because the betel leaf extract contains active antimicrobial compounds, but at high concentrations, it can poison the white snapper seeds. For further research, it is recommended to test the toxicity of betel leaf extract on the mortality of white snapper with variations in water quality.

Toothpaste Gel Preparation from Composite of Hydroxyapatite-Chitosan-Green Betel Leaf (Piper Batle L.) Extract

The use of toothpaste aims to reduce plaque and remineralize tooth enamel as a result of the reduction caused by the activity of oral bacteria. Toothpaste is generally added with antibiotics to treat bacterial caries, but the addition of calcium remineralization compounds to teeth is rarely found so the development of toothpaste with three ingredients, namely hydroxyapatite as an ingredient for remineralization, chitosan, and green betel leaf extract as an antibiotic. The purpose of this study was to manufacture a toothpaste gel formula from the hydroxyapatite-chitosan-green betel leaf extract composite and to determine the physical and chemical properties of each formula. This research is a laboratory experimental research. The results of the organoleptic test showed that the variation of green betel leaf extract affected the color, texture, and aroma of each formula. The homogeneity test showed the homogeneity of the third formula. The third formula has good dispersion between 5-7 cm and good adhesion, which is more than 1 second. The pH test shows that the results of formula one (F1) and formula two (F2) meet the pH range according to SNI (12-3524- 1995) which is 4.5-10 while formula three (F3) is far below it.

Inovasi Masyarakat Desa Kalikejambon dalam Pembuatan Hand Sinitizer dengan Menerapkan Teknologi Tepat Guna

The people of Kalikejambon Village, Tembelang District, Jombang have several kinds of potential in the fields of agriculture, animal husbandry and natural resources. Therefore, during the Covid-19 pandemic, people must always maintain their health and hand hygiene. One of the things to maintain cleanliness is by using hand sanitizer. During the pandemic, the need for hand sanitizers continues to increase so that solutions are needed, one of which is by making hand sanistizers using natural ingredients. The ingredients used are betel leaves and lime. One of the uses of these materials is a bacterial killer substance. Both ingredients contain essential oils and anti-bacterial substances. The purpose of this service is to invite the community to innovate in using appropriate technology (TTG). The discussion and lecture method is carried out in this activity with intensive assistance. The results of the questionnaire for making hand sanistizers are that 70% of this activity can improve the community's economy, 10% of residents consider hand sanitizers as natural disinfectants and as community innovations, 8% practice skills, and 2% as experiences. However, in reality on the ground, it turns out that residents still need to learn and continue to practice their skills in making betel leaf extract and lime hand sinitizers. After this service activity, it is hoped that the community can practice skills in making the hand sinitizer. The public knows the importance of making hand sinitizer and can be made using natural materials so that people do not need expensive costs in using hand sinitizers.

PENGARUH FUMIGASI MENGGUNAKAN AIR DAUN SIRIH TERHADAP DAYA TETAS TELUR DAN MORTALITAS EMBRIO TELUR PUYUH

This replacement of natural disinfectants is expected to improve fertility, increase hatchability, increase hatching weight and reduce mortality. This study aims to determine whether the fumigation of betel leaf water can improve fertility, increase hatchability, increase hatching weight and reduce mortality in quail hatching, as well as determine the best level of administration in a mixture of betel leaf water and aquades. This study used a completely randomized design (CRD) consisting of 5 treatments, namely p1 (Control), p2 (70% Alcohol), p3 (20 ml Betel Leaf Extract + 80 ml Aquades), p4 (30 ml Betel Leaf Extract + 70 ml Aquades ), and p5 (40 ml Betel Leaf Extract + 60 ml Aquades) and 4 replicates. The data obtained were processed using variance, if the results showed significant differences, they were tested using the Duncan multiple range test (DMRT). The results showed that quail eggs fumigated using Betel Leaf Extract had an average fertility ranging from 80.00 – 97.00%. The average hatchability ranged from 80.55– 96.91%. The average hatching weight ranged from 8.72 to 8.74 grams. And the average mortality ranged from 3.09 to 19.45%. The results of the study on the effect of treatment on fertility, hatchability and mortality showed a very significantly different effect (P<0.01). Meanwhile, on hatching weight, the effect was not significantly different (P>0.05). Based on the results of this study, it can be concluded that the most optimal fumigation using Betel Leaf Extract is treatment 3 (20 ml Betel Leaf Extract + 80 ml Aquades) with an average fertility of 97.00%, hatchability 96.91%, hatching weight 8.72 grams, and 3.09% motility.

Uji Fisik Formulasi Hand Sanitizer Dengan Bahan Aktif Daun Sirih (Piper betle L) Dari Desa Luhu Kecamatan Huamual Kabupaten Seram Bagian Barat

The rise of disease outbreaks caused by microorganisms such as SARS, bird flu, HIV and COVID-19 has made people use products that contain antiseptics such as soap and hand sanitizer. However, if used continuously it will dissolve the layer of fat and sebum on the skin so that the skin becomes sensitive, dry, and irritated. The development of antiseptic products can be done with natural ingredients such as green betel leaf extract (Piper betle L). It is known that green betel leaf (Piper betle L) has long been used in traditional medicine and can be a natural antiseptic ingredient for making hand sanitizer. This study aims to determine the formulation of hand sanitizer from betel leaf extract (Piper betle L) accompanied by a physical stability test. The materials used in this study were methyl paraben, triethanolamine (TEA), glycerin, aquadest, 95% ethanol, lime juice, green betel leaf extract obtained from the reflux extraction process. The research was conducted by varying the betel leaf extract 55%, 60%, 65%, 70%, 75%. Tests were carried out by covering organoleptic observations (shape, color, odor), pH, homogeneity, dispersion.

Post-Harvest Preservation of Whole Kinnow Fruit Using Betel Leaf Extract Coating

Post-Harvest Preservation of Whole Kinnow Fruit Using Betel Leaf Extract Coating

Antibacterial Activity of Edible Film with the Addition of Betel Leaf Extract (Piper betle) againts Streptococcus mutans

Edible films are generally used as packaging materials to protect food and can be eaten with the packaged product. In addition, the edible film can be affixed to the tongue, so that it immediately melts in the mouth. Products like this can be added to betel leaf extract which can function as an oral antiseptic, that can inhibit the growth of Streptococcus mutans. The purpose of this study was to obtain the results of the inhibition of edible film added with water extract of betel leaf with concentrations of 30%, 50%, and 70%. The research was conducted through experiments in the laboratory by measuring the diameter of the inhibition zone that occurred. The diameter of the average inhibition zone against Streptococcus mutans produced by edible film added 30%, 50%, and 70% aqueous extract of betel leaf, respectively, was 14.36 mm, 18.17 mm, and 24.74 mm. An edible film added water extract of betel leaf can inhibit Streptococcus mutans.

<em>In vitro</em> anti-lipid peroxidation and anti-<em>Candidal </em>potentials of different betel leaf varieties

Betel leaf (Piper betel L.) is an important plant being widely consumed worldwide as well as being used in traditional medicine. The present study aims to evaluate the anti-lipid peroxidation and anti-Candida potentials of different varieties of betel leaf extracts. Three widely consumed betel leaf varieties of India (Kolkata Variety, Varanasi Variety, and Mysore Variety) were used to evaluate anti-lipid peroxidation, and anti-Candida potentials in different extracts (ethyl acetate, acetone, and methanol). Total Phenolic Content (TPC) and Total Flavonoid Content (TFC) were found to be higher in the ethyl acetate extract of all the varieties and hence selected for medicinal potential evaluation. The Mysore variety exhibited higher antioxidant and free radical scavenging properties IC50 value 179.90 ± 2.98 μg/mL and 319.52 ± 4.00 μg/mL respectively. The Varanasi variety with the IC50 value of 51.54 ± 1.81 μg/mL has slightly high anti-lipid peroxidation potentials over the Mysore variety (IC50 value 61.67 ± 2.92 μg/mL) over the standard butylated hydroxytoluene (BHT) with an IC50 value of 276.33 ± 15.20 μg/mL. The oral lotion disinfectant formulation showed anti-Candida activity in a dose-dependent fashion and the activity was higher than that of the standard drug fluconazole with the inhibition zone of 15mm over fluconazole having zone of inhibition of 12mm. The present study confirmed that the antioxidant and anti-lipid peroxidation potentials of the ethyl acetate extract of the Mysore and Varanasi variety respectively. The study also confirmed the anti-Candida activity of the ethyl acetate extract of betel leaf.

FORMULATION OF RED BETEL LEAF EXTRACT SERUM (Piper crocatum Ruiz & Pav.) AS ANTIOXIDANT

Red betel leaf (Piper crocatum Ruiz & Pav.) is a plant that has medicinal and cosmetic properties. One of the cosmetics used by society today is facial serum. The purpose of this study was the formulation of facial serum from red betel leaf water extract. The water extract was obtained by means of the Pressurized Hot Water Extraction method using distilled water as a solvent, then phytochemical screening was carried out. Serum is made in several concentrations, namely 1.5% (F1); 2% (F2);3%;(F3) and blank (F0). The quality inspection of the preparation includes homogeneity test, pH, viscosity, stability, irritation test, hedonic test, and antioxidant activity test. The results of phytochemical screening of red betel leaf water extract contained alkaloids, flavonoids, tannins, saponins and triterpenoids. Red betel leaf is formulated into a homogeneous serum preparation with a temporary pH range of 6.1-6.2 after testing has a pH of 5.8-6.1 and does not irritate the skin. The results of the antioxidant activity test showed that the water extract of red betel leaf (Piper crocatum Ruiz & Pav.) was included in the "strong" antioxidant category with an IC50 value of 38.30 g/ml. The IC50 values ​​for serum preparations F0, F1, F2 and F3 were 430.3689 g/ml (weak), 252.03 g/ml (moderate), 115.6 g/ml (moderate) and 58.13 g/ml (strong). Based on this study, it was concluded that all facial serum formulas were homogeneous, stable and did not irritate the skin and serum preparations with 3% red betel leaf water extract (F3) had the best activity in the category of strong antioxidants.

THE EFFECT OF BETEL LEAF EXTRACT SPRAY ON HISTOPATHOLOGY OF WOUND HEALING

Wounds are referred to as 'Silent Epidemic' because they have a substantial impact if not treated properly. Betel leaf is known to contain compounds that may be used as wound healers. The purpose of this study was to test the spray activity of betel leaf extract (Piper betle L) in healing acute wounds in male Balb/C mice. Spray formula made with various concentrations of betel leaf extract by 3% (S1), 5% (S2) and 7% (S3). The acute wound healing activity test was 15 mice divided into 5 groups S1, S2, S3, P (positive control), and C (negative control). Interventions and observations were carried out for 14 days. The results of observational analysis by calculating the ratio of wound area then One Way Anova test and Post Hoc Tukey Cramer test. The results showed that spray of betel leaf extract with a concentration of 7% was not significantly different from P (p>0.05). The conclusion in this study is that sprays of betel leaf extract 3%, 5%, and 7% may be used as an acute wound healer, the best healing activity is shown at a concentration of 7%.

Daya Hambat Ekstrak Daun Sirih dan Daun Legundi Terhadap Pertumbuhan Bakteri Staphylococcus aureus

Staphylococcus aureus is one of the causes of infectious disease, ranging from mild to severe infections such as meningitis. The drug that is often used is the penicillin class of antibiotics. Apart from chemical antibiotics, natural antibacterial compunds from plants can be also used as an alternative treatment for this infection. Such as green betel (Piper betle L.) and legundi (Vitex trifolia L.). The ethanol extract of betel leaf has antibacterial activity against Staphylococcus aureus. The phytochemical content in legundi leaf is also able to inhibit the growth of Staphylococcus aureus. The ethanol extract of betel leaf and legundi is made through a maceration process. The extract concentrations used in this study were 20%, 30%, and 40%. The inhibition test of Staphylococcus aureus using the disc method. From the results of this study, the active substances found in betel leaf were flavonoids, tannins, and phenols, while in legundi were found flavonoids, tannins and phenols, and quinones. In total, the mean inhibition zone in this study ranged from 7.87mm to 17.33mm where legundi leaf extract was in the moderate category, betel and combination extract were classified as strong. There was a difference in the diameter of the inhibition zone of betel and legundi extract at a concentration 20% with 40%. In the combination extract there is a difference in the concentration of 20% with 40% and 30% with 40%. An antimicrobial compound can be said to synergize if a mixture of two or more antimicrobial compounds is able to provide an effect of each compounds. In this study, it has seen that the mean of the combination is higher than the mean of legundi leaf extract. Meanwhile, the mean of betel leaf extract is still greater than the combination extract.

UJI AKTIVITAS SEDIAAN SPRAY HAND SANITIZER KOMBINASI EKSTRAK DAUN SIRIH HIJAU DAN DAUN SERAI SEBAGAI ANTIBAKTERI TERHADAP Staphylococcus aureus

The content of extracts of green betel leaf and lemongrass leaves have antibacterial compounds to inhibit the growth of Staphylococcus aureus. The purpose of this study was to determine the antibacterial activity of the spray hand sanitizer preparation of a combination of green betel leaf extract and lemongrass against Staphylococcus aureus. This type of research is an experimental laboratory. Green betel leaves and lemongrass leaves were partially macerated, formulated to be hand sanitizers in a ratio of 1:2, 2:1, and 2:2. The formula was tested for antibacterial activity by the dilution method. The results showed that the hand sanitizer combination of green betel leaf extract and lemongrass had antibacterial activity against Staphylococcus aureus with a bactericidal formula of 0 CFU/ml and total bacteria with an antiseptic formula of 0 CFU. From this research, it is known that the spray hand sanitizer combination of green betel leaf extract and lemongrass is effective in inhibiting and killing Staphylococcus aureus.

Efek Larvasida Ekstrak Etanol Daun Sirih (Piper betle.L) terhadap Larva Aedes aegypti

Betel a leaf is a medicinal plant and consists of alkaloids , saponins and eugenol. Based on the experiment done to mosquito larvae by Cheng et al. resulted the extract of betel leaf has LD50 was 33 ppm. This research aimed to determine LC50 and LC90 of ethanolic extract of betel leaf (Piper betle L.) on the larvae of Aedes aegypti. The preliminary test had done to determine 10-90% mortality. Following concentrations that used for the final test were 300 ppm, 400 ppm, 600 ppm, 800 ppm, 1000 ppm, 1200 ppm, 1400 ppm, and one negative control. LC50 value from ethanolic extract of betel leaf was 467,441 ppm and LC90 value was 869,412 ppm. Larvicides effect from betel leaf because of chemical compound which had positive allosteric modulator of GABA mechanism. In conclusion, ethanolic extract of betel leaf (Piper betle L.) is potential to develop as mosquito larvicides.

Modifikasi Pembalut Wanita Berbasis Serabut Pelepa Sawit Dan Serabut Kelapa Higienis Dan Ramah Lingkungan

Sanitary napkins are medical devices used to absorb menstrual blood during menstruation. The number of sanitary napkins containing chlorine has a high risk of reproductive health for women, including the risk of: vaginal discharge, itching, irritation and causing cancer. Permenkes No. 472/Menkes/Per/V/1996 chlorine is a hazardous substance which is toxic and causes irritation and itching. Therefore, its use in sanitary napkins is prohibited. In this study, the aim of this study was to obtain sanitary and safe sanitary napkins and to use palm frond waste which is usually just thrown away. This research was conducted using materials, namely palm midrib fibers and coconut fibers and added with betel leaf extract. This research was conducted by testing the absorbency of the sanitary napkins. How to test the pads by making 2 samples, namely pads without a mixture of palm midrib and coconut fiber and pads with a mixture of palm midrib and coconut fiber, and tested how much the pads can absorb liquid with the unit used is mL. After being tested, the results of this study were that the absorption capacity of the pads of palm midrib and coconut fiber was better than that of pads without palm and coconut fiber.

Uji Toksisitas Ekstrak Etanol Daun Sirih Merah (Piper crocatum) Terhadap Larva ( Artemia salina L) Dengan Metode Brine Shrimp Lethality Test

Red betel (Piper crocatum) is a plant that is often used as medicine. Red betel belongs to the Piperaceae family, grows vines with heart-shaped leaves and stems, which grow alternately from the stem and the appearance of leaves that are silvery red and shiny when exposed to sunlight. Red betel contains flavonoid compounds, alkaloids, tannins, phenolic compounds and essential oils. The results showed that the ethanol extract of red betel leaf contains active compounds such as flavonoids and phenolics. The purpose of this study was to determine the toxic effect of red betel leaf ethanol extract on Artemia salina. The method used is the Brine Shrimp Lethality Test method. The results obtained were analyzed using a probit table to find the value of LC50 (Lethal concentration). The LC50 value was obtained based on the toxicity test of the red betel leaf ethanol extract at 10 ppm. This indicates that the red betel leaf ethanol extract is very toxic to shrimp (Artemia salina) larva.

Antibacterial Activity of Ethanol Extract of Red Betel Leaves (Piper crocatum) and Its Fractions against Escherichia coli pBR322

Red betel leaf (Piper crocatum) is one of the typical Indonesian herbal plants that has an antibacterial function. This study aimed to test and measure the activity of 70% ethanol extract of red betel leaf and its fractions (n-hexane, ethyl acetate, and water fractions) as antibacterial against specific bacteria Escherichia coli pBR322 based on activity and minimum inhibitory concentration. Extraction was carried out using the maceration method and continued with fractionation based on the level of solvent polarity. Antibacterial activity was indicated by the presence of inhibition zones. The minimum inhibitory concentration was indicated by the appearance of the inhibition zone at the minimum concentration. Results showed that extraction process resulted in crude extract yield of 19.49%. The best antibacterial activity was shown by 1000 ppm n-hexane fraction with an inhibition zone of 2.40 mm ± 0.14. The best minimum inhibitory concentration was 100 ppm n-hexane fraction with an inhibition zone of 0.60 mm ± 0.56.

Nano-Green Betel Leaf Extracts (Piper betle L.) Inhibits the Growth of Streptococcus mutans and Staphylococcus aureus

Abstract: Streptococcus mutans is a type of bacterium that initiates plaque formation on the tooth surface causing tooth decay, meanwhile, Staphylococcus aureus causes pyogenic infections such as abscesses to necrosis. Green betel leaf (Piper betle L.) contains secondary meta-bolites that have the potential as antibacterial. This study aimed to investigate the effectiveness of green betel leaf extract (Piper betle L.) in micro and nano sizes against Streptococcus mutans and Staphylococcus aureus. This was an experimental and laboratory study with a post-test-only design. The results showed that nano-green betel leaf extracts had antibacterial activity against Streptococcus mutans and Staphylococcus aureus. Green betel leaf extract had a much larger inhibition zone against Staphylococcus aureus rather than against Streptococcus mutans in all groups (p<0.05), with inhibitory diameters of 13,883±1.1496 mm (micro 10%), 16,767± 1.8779 mm (micro 30%), and 18.667±3.148 mm (nano), respectively. A stable increase in antibacterial activity was derived from micro-green betel leaf extracts (Piper betle L.) concentrations of 10%, 30%, and nanoparticle size. In conclusion, nano-green betel leaf extract (Piper betle L.) showed better antibacterial effectiveness than micro-sizes in inhibiting Streptococcus mutans and Staphylococcus aureus bacteria.Keywords: Piper betle L.; nanoparticles; antibacterial; Streptococcus mutans; Staphylococcus aureus

The Comparison between Black Cumin Extract and Betel Leaf Extract As Antifungal Potential to Candida Albicans on Acrylic Resin Denture Base

Porosity in acrylic resin denture base causes a rough surface and can absorb fluid, leading to plaque. Candida albicans can stick to a plaque on the denture base and engender denture stomatitis. Denture base submersion has to be carried out in traditional plant solutions to prevent denture stomatitis. Traditional plants such as black cumin and betel leaf are considered to have anti-fungal properties. This study aims to identify the comparison of antifungal properties between black cumin and betel leaf extract to Candida albicans on the acrylic resin denture base. This study is an experimental laboratory. Treatment group 1 used aquadest as a control negative, treatment group 2 used a black cumin extract with a concentration of 0.25%, while treatment group 3 used betel leaf extract with a concentrate of 50%. In every group, 9 acrylic resin pieces were soaked for 8 hours. The colony calculation was then conducted and analyzed using the Mann-Whitney test to compare the average difference level between the two tested groups. There was no significant difference level among a total colony of Candida albicans in the treatment group with a concentration of 0.25% black cumin and the treatment group with a 50% concentration of betel leaf. The result showed that the black cumin extract is no more effective in hindering the growth of Candida albicans on the acrylic resin denture base than betel leaf extract.

NANO SPRAY ANTI ACNE: NANOTECHNOLOGY-BASED SERUM SPRAY INNOVATION FROM BETEL LEAF EXTRACT IN OVERCOMING PROPIONIBACTERIUM ACNES BACTERIA CAUSES BY ACNE PROBLEMS

Acne is an inflammation and blockage of the oil gland ducts in the skin caused by the bacteria Propionibacterium acne, Staphylococcus epidermidis, and Staphylococcus aureus. Acne treatment is usually done by giving antibiotics and chemicals that have irritating side effects. Therefore, other alternatives are needed by using natural products that have milder side effects and are halal. The author reviews the potential of Betel Leaf Extract which can be used as an acne medication because it has a high antibacterial content. The method used in this paper is a narrative literature study. The author uses global journal publication websites such as Science Direct and Google Scholar with the keywords Betel Leaf, Antimicrobial, Propionibacterium, Acne, and Nano Spray Serum. Based on the literature obtained, the results of the ethanol extract of betel leaf have antibacterial activity against P. acne and multiresistant Staphylococcus aureus with a KBM of 0.5% w/v. Betel leaf extract is combined with distilled water, polyoxyethylene sorbitan monooleate as a solvent, chitosan as a preservative, and acetic acid by ultrasonication method which functions to break particles into nano size with the help of sound waves above 20 kHz. The spray form was chosen because it can accelerate the absorption of serum into facial skin. In conclusion, Betel Leaf Extract has the potential to be a safe and halal organic material for serum spray preparations as a halal skincare solution for acne problems. Keywords: Betel Leaf, Antimicrobial, Propionibacterium, nano spray serum, Acne.