Bean Extract Research Articles

EFFECTS OF LIMA BEAN (Phaseolus lunatus) FLOUR ON COGNITIVE FUNCTION AND GROWTH RECOVERY MALNUTRITION RATS

Incorporating lima bean (Phaseolus lunatus) flour can replace and complement the content of proteins, macronutrients, and micronutrients, which may be related to curative effects for malnutrition. Therefore, an in vivo approach was undertaken to demonstrate the effect of lima bean flour on cognitive function and growth recovery in malnourished rats. Four groups of male Wistar rats were included in this study: The control group (N), MAL, MAL+25% LB group, and MAL+50% LB group. Morphometric analysis was used to assess growth recovery. Cognitive tests included Y-Maze, Novel Object Recognition Test (NORT), and Water Maze by Morris (MWM) test, and histopathological examination of the brain sections was conducted on the cerebral cortex and hippocampus by hematoxylin and eosin stains. The biological activity prediction of lima bean active compounds was analyzed by the PASS server using an in-silico study. This study found that lima bean flour increased body weight, length, tail increment, ear length, and leg length in malnourished rats at 50% lima bean concentration, similar to the control group. Lima bean flour showed neuroprotective capabilities by reversing the effects of malnutrition on the cerebral cortex and hippocampus by lowering the percentage of degenerated cells and increasing cognitive and behavioral. Eight bioactive compounds in lima bean extract have antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and antibacterial properties. Lima bean flour, a source of complex nutrients, protects against malnutrition systemically in various organ systems, including the brain.

The Antioxidant and Antidepressant Properties of Dietary Proteins Derived from Egg and Bean Extracts and Their Acute Toxicity: A Journey from Nutrition to Pharmacognosy

This research reveals the previously unexplored pharmacognostic potential of antidepressants found in nutrients derived from both legume and animal sources. Through preclinical investigations involving mouse models, the study focused into antidepressant and antioxidant activities of non-denatured and denatured protein extracts from beans and eggs. Non-denatured protein extracts from beans and eggs, at saturation levels of 40% and 80%, were examined as macronutrients, while denatured protein extracts at equivalent saturation levels were considered micronutrients. The study employed the DPPH and hydrogen peroxide tests to assess antioxidant activity, and the forced swimming test and sucrose preference test to evaluate acute and chronic mild antidepressant effects, respectively. The acute toxicity study revealed that macronutrients from eggs at 40% and 80% saturation displayed non-toxic effects (LD50 >5 g/kg), while those from beans, specifically at saturation of 80%, exhibited a relatively low level of toxicity (LD50 = 2.5 g/kg). Evaluation of antioxidant activity using the DPPH test yielded inconclusive results due to the influence of ethanol precipitation. In contrast, the H2O2 test demonstrated significant antioxidant potential in both macronutrients and micronutrients extracted from beans and eggs at all saturation levels. In investigating antidepressant properties, both macronutrients and micronutrients of bean and egg protein extracts at 40% and 80% saturation exhibited notable antidepressant effects, particularly the micronutrients at saturation of 80%. This antidepressant effect was characterized by a reduction in immobility time and an increase in sucrose preference.

Effect of Thermal Processing and Oxygen concentration on the Phenolic Composition and Inhibition of Advanced Glycation End Products of Chilean Beans (Phaseolus vulgaris) Extracts

Effect of Thermal Processing and Oxygen concentration on the Phenolic Composition and Inhibition of Advanced Glycation End Products of Chilean Beans (Phaseolus vulgaris) Extracts

Individual Growth And Gonad Development Of Female Tilapia (Oreochromis Sp.) With Addition Of Velvet Bean (Mucuna Pruriens) Seed Extract

Tilapia is one of the fish that is widely cultivated in Indonesia. The obstacle to tilapia cultivation is high reproduction, which inhibits growth. An alternative to increase growth is by inhibiting gonad growth, so that feed energy is focused on somatic development. The aim of this research was to analyse the effect of velvet bean extract concentration on individual growth and gonad development of female tilapia fish and to determine the optimum concentration of velvet bean extract to increase growth and reduce reproductive activity in female tilapia fish. This study used a Completely Randomized Design (CRD) with the addition of various velvet bean extracts and compared with the control (without velvet bean extract). The use of velvet bean extract had a significant effect (p<0.05) on growth parameters such as length, weight, fecundity and egg diameter. The best treatment was found in treatment 3 (velvet bean extract 5 ml.kg-1 ) which resulted in growth in individual length of 16.1 cm, individual weight of 89.43 g, fecundity of 2206 and egg diameter of 1.11 mm. In addition, the dose in this treatment may reduce the reproductive activity of tilapia.

Enhancing Bioactivity and Conjugation in Green Coffee Bean (Coffea arabica) Extract through Cold Plasma Treatment: Insights into Antioxidant Activity and Phenolic-Protein Conjugates.

Cold plasma technology is gaining attention as a promising approach to enhancing the bioactivity of plant extracts. However, its impact on green coffee bean extracts (GCBEs) still needs to be explored. In this study, an innovative underwater plasma jet system was employed to investigate the effects of cold plasma on Coffea arabica GCBEs, focusing on the conjugation reflected by the change in composition and bioactivity. The DPPH radical scavenging antioxidant activity exhibited a gradual increase with plasma treatment up to 35 min, followed by a decline. Remarkably, at 35 min, the plasma treatment resulted in a significant 66% increase in the DPPH radical scavenging activity of the GCBE. The total phenolic compound content also displayed a similar increasing trend to the DPPH radical scavenging activity. However, the phenolic profile analysis indicated a significant decrease in chlorogenic acids and caffeine. Furthermore, the chemical composition analysis revealed a decrease in free amino acids, while sucrose remained unchanged. Additionally, the SDS-PAGE results suggested a slight increase in protein size. The observed enhancement in antioxidant activity, despite the reduction in the two major antioxidants in the GCBE, along with the increase in protein size, might suggest the occurrence of conjugation processes induced by plasma, particularly involving proteins and phenolic compounds. Notably, the plasma treatment exhibited no adverse effects on the extract's safety, as confirmed by the MTT assay. These findings indicate that cold plasma treatment holds significant promise in improving the functional properties of GCBE while ensuring its safety. Incorporating cold plasma technology into the processing of natural extracts may offer exciting opportunities for developing novel and potent antioxidant-rich products.

Monitoring of Chemical Changes in Coffee Beans during the Roasting Process Using Different Roasting Technologies with Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy

The roasting process is an important step in coffee production, leading to important physical and chemical changes that are responsible for the sensory quality of a coffee beverage. Besides the commonly used drum roasters, a newly developed infrared roaster can be used to roast green coffee beans. In this study, 1H nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy was used to analyze the fat and aqueous extracts of coffee beans roasted to different degrees of roasting using a professional drum roaster, a hot air fluidized bed sample roaster and an infrared roaster. Caffeine-containing and decaffeinated Coffea arabica coffee samples were used to monitor the roasting process in the different roasters. Compared with the drum-roasted coffee sample, the formation and degradation of NMR-detectable components in the coffee sample roasted with the infrared roaster and the hot air roaster were time-dependent. In the decaffeinated coffee sample, compounds such as kahweol, caffeoylquinic acid and trigonelline were found to occur at lower levels. The formation and degradation of the NMR-detectable compounds in the decaffeinated coffee sample also occurred with a time lag or to a lesser extent than in the caffeine-containing coffee sample.

Karakteristik Organoleptik Permen Jeli Sari Kacang Merah dengan Penambahan Gelatin Tulang Ikan Nila Merah

This study aimed to determine the organoleptic characteristics of red bean extract based on jelly candy with the addition of nile bones gelatin. This study used a completely randomized design with factorial experiments. The first factor is Nila-bones gelatin concentration which consists of concentration levels A1 (10 g) and A2 (13 g). The second factor was the addition of red bean extract to replace water which consisted of 3 levels, namely B1 (50%), B2 (70%), and B3 (100%). Data analysis of organoleptic used the Kruskal-Wallis test. When p < 0.05, will be continued by the Mann Whitney test at the real level α 5%. The results showed that the addition of Nila-bones gelatin to jelly candy based on red bean extract had a significant effect (p < 0.05) on the quality and level of overall panelist preference. A1B2 (10 g of gelatin; 70% of red bean extract) is the formula for the selected jelly candy red bean extract.

Performance comparison of anthocyanin-based smart indicator films

Anthocyanins are natural dyes from plants that change color according to environmental changes, allowing for their potential use in real-time freshness-indicator films. In this study, black rice extract (BRE), black soya bean extract (BSBE), black wolfberry extract (BWE), purple sweet potato extract (PSPE), purple cabbage extract (PCE) and roselle extract (RE) were added to soybean isolate protein/chitosan (SPI/CS) films, and their performance was assessed. Results showed the total anthocyanin content of these six extracts were 1.50, 1.13, 1.98, 0.47, 0.33, 2.67 mg/mL, respectively. The presence of the six major anthocyanins was confirmed by mass spectrometry. Spectroscopy revealed that anthocyanin addition did not induce interactions between the extracts and SPI/CS film. Excess of anthocyanins weakened interactions between macromolecules, damaged membrane structure and reduced mechanical properties. Membrane water barrier properties improved with an increase in anthocyanin content, as well as antioxidant properties, but the difference between the indicator films was not significant. Finally, SPI/CS/RE exhibited a significant color change and the sensitivity was up to 50.6%, indicating the best application performance.

EDUKASI PEMBERIAN SARI KACANG HIJAU (VIGNA RADIATE) SEBAGAI UPAYA PENINGKATAN PRODUKSI ASI PADA IBU NIFAS

Exclusive breastfeeding refers to the practice of providing breast milk solely to infants aged 0-6 months without introducing any additional solid foods or liquids such as formula, fruit juice, honey, or tea. The objective of this study is to assess the impact of administering green bean juice (Vigna Radiate) on enhancing postpartum breast milk production among mothers receiving care at the Yeni Clinic in the Tinggi Raja District, Asahan Regency, in the year 2022. This research follows a quantitative approach and employs a quasi-experimental design known as the "slum experiment," involving both pre-test and One Group post-test designs. Data analysis involved the application of a paired t-test on a sample of 10 postpartum mothers facing challenges in providing exclusive breastfeeding, and the study was conducted in June 2022. The findings of the study indicated that prior to the introduction of green bean extract, the majority of mothers (90%) experienced low breast milk production, with only one mother (10%) achieving sufficient breast milk production. Following the reintroduction of green bean extract, two mothers (20%) observed an increase in breast milk production, while eight other mothers (80%) achieved adequate breast milk production. Data analysis results revealed a p-value of 0.000, which is less than 0.005, indicating a significant influence of administering green bean juice (Vigna Radiate) on breast milk production among postpartum mothers at the Yeni Clinic, Tinggi Raja District, Asahan Regency, in 2022.

Efficacy and safety of Vicia faba L. extract compared with levodopa in management of Parkinson’s disease and an in‐silico phytomedicine analysis

Background: Parkinson’s disease is a chronic degenerative disease of the central nervous system, presently lacks an effective therapy for its complex pathogenesis. Agents containing Levodopa can alleviate its symptoms. Hypothesis Vicia faba L. (Fava bean) extract may prove a useful antiparkinsonian agent similar to Levodopa. Methods: Thirty patients with Parkinson’s disease, entered into this cross over clinical study. In the first step, each participant received V. faba L. extract containing 106.5 mg of Levodopa. After a wash out period of 7 days, the patients entered the second step during which they received conventional treatment with Levodopa-C tablets. Blood Levodopa were measured 4 hours and 8 hours after each administration. The Movement Disorder Society-Unified Parkinson’s Disease Rating Scale was employed to measure the therapeutic effects in each step. Additionally, a docking analysis was performed to distinguish the chemical constituents of the plant and six key mediators actively involved in Parkinson disease. Results: The fava bean extract significantly alleviate all studied end points except for tremor at rest and freezing. Wilcoxon Signed Ranks Test showed that there was not a significant difference between rigidity, rising chair, gait and bradykinesia. Docking results of the herb components and standard ligands, indicating that the antiparkinsonian activity of V. faba could presumably be related to many phytochemicals. Conclusion: This study showed a beneficial effect of V. faba L. similar to Levodopa-C. and better compliance due to lower adverse events.

Expression of TNF-α and TGF-β after the Administration of Cacao Bean Extract on Alveolar Bone

Background: Teeth that are given orthodontic forces can relapse because of excessive resorption on the pressure side. Cocoa bean extract enhances bone apposition during bone remodeling by increasing osteoblast proliferation. This research aimed to ascertain molecular mechanisms of alveolar bone during orthodontic tooth movement applied with cacao bean extract (Theobroma cacao L.) through TNF-α and TGF-β, expressions. Methods: This study utilized an experimental laboratory posttest-only control group design. The NiTi closed coil spring was braced between the right upper first molar and the upper incisor, a strength of 10gf was estimated utilizing a tension gauge to mesially move the upper molars. The total 36 were divided into six groups, Wistar rats were beheaded on days 7 and 14 of treatment. Immunohistochemical staining was utilized to show TNF-α and TGF-β expression. Results were assessed using the one-way ANOVA analysis. Results: The immunohistochemistry findings in osteoclast cells that demonstrate positive results for TGF-β and TNF-α, expression by immunohistochemical staining calculated for each group (control, positive control, treatment). The treatment group (Q14) showed reduced expression (2±0.957) of TNF-α in osteoclast cells. TGF-β, on the other hand, was found with diminished expression in osteoblast cells C-7 and C-14 (3.75±0.816, 3.25±0.957) and increases in the treatment group (Q14) (11.25±0.957). significantly (p=0.000). Conclusion: The administration of cacao bean extract on days 7 and 14 could decrease the expression of TNF-α and increase TGF-β of the treatment group. Therefore, with an increased TNF-α apposition process, relapse after orthodontic treatment can be prevented to accelerate the orthodontic treatment.

EFFECT OF ROBUSTA COFFEE BEANS AND ARABICA EXTRACT GEL AS INFLAMATION PULP MATERIAL

Background: Reversible pulpitis is a mild to moderate inflammatory pulp condition often treated with pulp capping treatments. Current study states that calcium hydroxide (CaOH2) has drawbacks for a long-time use. One of the alternative pulp capping materials is Robusta and Arabica coffee bean extract gel which contains flavonoid compounds and chlorogenic acid which have immunomodulatory properties that play role in the pulp inflammatory process by increasing the count of lymphocyte. Objective: The goal of this study is to determine and analyse the effect of Robusta coffee bean and Arabica coffee bean extract gel 95% to the of lymphocyte cells count on the 3rd and 5th day of pulp inflammation compared to placebo gel. Materials and Methods: This research is a true experimental with a post-test only control group design. This study used three treatment groups; Robusta coffee bean extract gel 95%, Arabica coffee bean extract gel 95%, and control group placebo gel. Results: Two Way Anova test results obtained p<0.05, showed significant difference. Data analysis was continued with the Post Hoc Bonferroni test which showed that there was a significant difference between the 95% Robusta coffee bean extract gel group and the 95% Arabica coffee bean extract gel group with p<0.05. Conclusion: The administration of Robusta coffee bean extract gel with a concentration of 95% can increase the of lymphocyte cells count in pulp inflammation on the 3rd and 5th days more effectively than the 95% Arabica coffee bean extract gel. Keywords: Arabica Coffee, Direct Pulp Capping, Inflammation, Lymphocytes, Pulpitis, Robusta Coffee

Antioxidant Activity of Fermented Red Bean Extract on Sperm Quality of Mice Exposed to Cigarette Smoke

Smoking has a negative effect on fertilization as it decreases sperm quality. The current research aimed to investigate the effect of fermented red bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) extract on sperm motility, viability, and plasma membrane integrity of white mice (Mus musculus) exposed to cigarette smoke. The red beans were subjected to a 36-hour fermentation process using Rhizopus spp. Then, methanol was extracted by maceration method for 24 hours until maceration was obtained. In this study, 25 male white mice aged 3 months were randomly divided into 5 groups of 5 mice. Group C (negative control) was given 0.5 mL of carboxymethyl cellulose natrium (CMC Na) 1% solution orally without unfiltered cigarette smoke exposure, and group C+ (positive control) was given 0.5 mL of CMC Na 1% solution orally and unfiltered cigarette smoke exposure. Treatment groups T1, T2, and T3 were orally given fermented red bean extract at doses of 26 mg/kg Body weight (BW), 52 mg/kg BW, and 104 mg/kg BW, respectively, and then were exposed to unfiltered cigarette smoke. For 36 days, treatment groups (except the negative control) were subjected to the inhalation of smoke from an unfiltered cigarette containing a nicotine dose of 2.2 mg. The exposure period lasted for 20 minutes each day. Each group was put into a cigarette smoke-exposing box. The sperm motility (observing the forward movement of spermatozoa), the sperm viability (examining the color of the sperm head), and the sperm plasma membrane integrity (observing the tail shape using the hypoosmotic swelling test) were then evaluated. The findings indicated significant differences in sperm motility, viability, and plasma membrane integrity of each group with positive control. A dose of 104 mg/kg BW of fermented red bean extract had the best potential to maintain sperm motility (70%), viability (82.13%), and plasma membrane integrity (61.93%) of mice exposed to unfiltered cigarette smoke.

The use of Green Bean Juice as an Effort to Improve MSCT Image in Abdomen MSCT Protocol (in Vitro Study)

Oral contrast media usually used in abdominal MSCT examinations are water and contrast media containing iodine. However, there are advantages and disadvantages, so an alternative replacement for natural ingredients is needed, namely green bean juice. This study aims to prove that using mung bean extract can improve MSCT images for oral contrast media in the MSCT Abdomen protocol based on in vitro studies. The research method used was a quasi-experimental study to compare the extent to which mung bean extract improved MSCT images compared to water and contrast media containing iodine as oral contrast media in the Abdomen MSCT protocol based on in vitro studies. Measurement of image enhancement is done by measuring ROI. Furthermore, the measurement results were analyzed using the difference test and a follow-up test, namely the Least Significance Difference (LSD) test. The research results show that green bean juice can improve abdominal MSCT images to be used as an oral contrast medium in the Abdominal MSCT protocol based on in vitro studies. Then, there was a difference in improving the MSCT image when using green bean juice, water, and contrast media containing iodine as oral contrast media in the abdominal MSCT protocol based on in vitro studies, and it was found that there was a difference in the concentration of green bean juice in getting optimal results in the MSCT protocol. Abdomen based on in vitro studies. Conclusion Mung bean extract can be used as an oral contrast medium instead of water because it can improve MSCT images.

The Role of Robusta Green Bean Extract in Decreasing Il-1β Levels on Dental Pulp Stem Cells (Dpsc) Induced by Lps Porphyromonas Gingivalis

Background: Stem cell-based tissue engineering is a potential strategy for periodontal tissue regeneration. Besides the advantages of stem cells as periodontal tissue regenerative therapy, this therapy must also be able to prevent and control the possibility of inflammation that occurs. Robusta green beans contain anti-inflammationsubstances that may decrease excessive inflammation in stem cell therapy. Purpose: To analyze IL-1β levels after giving Robusta green bean extract to DPSC induced by LPS P. gingivalis. Materials and Methods: This study used DPSC from the extraction of premolar teeth of orthodontic patients. The viability test was performed on the LPS P. gingivalis at 0.5; 1; 5; 10µg/ml and robusta green bean extract at 0.0625%; 0.125%; 0.25%; 0.5%to determine non toxic concentration. The treatment group was divided into 4 groups, the control group, the DPSC+LPS group, the DPSC + LPS + 0.125% Robusta green bean extract group, and the DPSC+LPS+0.0625%Robusta green bean extract group.Each group was observed at 24, 48, and 72 hours. ELISA test was performed on the supernatant to measure IL-1β levels. Results: The level of IL-1β in the Robusta green bean extract group was significantly lower (p <0.05) than the group without Robusta green bean extract at all observation times. Conclusion: Robusta green bean extract concentrations of 0.125% and 0.0625% can significantly reduce IL-1β levels in DPSC induced by LPS P. gingivalis, which is the most effective at reducing IL-1β levels was 0.125%.

Optimization of Defective Coffee Beans Decaffeination Using Palm Oil

Defective coffee beans amount to 15-20% of the total produced coffee beans. The defective coffee bean contains caffeine, which can negatively affect the human body, such as increased heart rate, and thus sensitive to consumption by some people. This study aims to optimize the decaffeination process of defective coffee beans. The extraction of aroma and flavor compounds was done by maceration, and the decaffeination was carried out using palm oil as a solvent. The type of beans (green and roasted beans), the decaffeination contact time, and the ratio between coffee bean extract and solvent were varied in this study. The caffeine content was quantified, and the organoleptic and color tests were done on the concentrated coffee extracts. It was found that the higher the amount of solvent volume in decaffeination, the higher the caffeine decrease. In addition, the longer the green beans’ decaffeination time, the lower the caffeine decrease. Decaffeination using green coffee beans resulted in a greater reduction of caffeine (6.515-48.241%) than roasted coffee beans (8.495-24.272%). The optimum operating condition of green coffee bean decaffeination was the coffee bean extract and solvent ratio of 1:5.82 and the decaffeination time of 26.5 minutes. The organoleptic test result shows that decaffeinated coffee flavor had the same preferability as the commercial coffee flavor and was thus able to compete in the market.

Novel Multi-Ingredient Supplement Facilitates Weight Loss and Improves Body Composition in Overweight and Obese Individuals: A Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Clinical Trial.

Despite the growing recognition of the obesity crisis, its rates continue to rise. The current first-line therapies, such as dietary changes, energy restriction, and physical activity, are typically met with poor adherence. Novel nutritional interventions can address the root causes of obesity, including mitochondrial dysfunction, and facilitate weight loss. The objective of this study was to investigate the effects of a multi-ingredient nutritional supplement designed to facilitate mitochondrial function and metabolic health outcomes over a 12 wk period. Fifty-five overweight and/or obese participants (age (mean ± SEM): 26 ± 1; body mass index (BMI) (kg/m2): 30.5 ± 0.6) completed this double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trial. Participants were randomized to 12 wks of daily consumption of multi-ingredient supplement (MIS; n = 28; containing 50 mg forskolin, 500 mg green coffee bean extract, 500 mg green tea extract, 500 mg beet root extract, 400 mg α-lipoic acid, 200 IU vitamin E, and 200 mg CoQ10) or control placebo (PLA, n = 27; containing microcrystalline cellulose) matched in appearance. The co-primary outcomes were bodyweight and fat mass (kg) changes. The secondary outcomes included other body composition measures, plasma markers of obesity, fatty liver disease biomarkers, resting energy metabolism, blood pressure, physical performance, and quality of life. The post-intervention differences between MIS and PLA were examined via ANCOVA which was adjusted for the respective pre-intervention variables. After adjustment for pre-intervention data, there was a significant difference in weight (p < 0.001) and fat mass (p < 0.001) post-intervention between the PLA and MIS treatment arms. Post-intervention weight and fat mass were significantly lower in MIS. Significant post-intervention differences corrected for baseline were found in markers of clinical biochemistry (AST, p = 0.017; ALT, p = 0.008), molecular metabolism (GDF15, p = 0.028), and extracellular vesicle-associated miRNA species miR-122 and miR-34a in MIS (p < 0.05). Following the 12 wks of MIS supplementation, weight and body composition significantly improved, concomitant with improvements in molecular markers of liver health and metabolism.

Effect of Red Bean Extract (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) on IL-10 Levels in Systemic Lupus Erythematosus Model

Introduction: Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE) is a is a chronic autoimmune inflammatory disease of unknown etiologic. Multiorgan dysfunction in women with SLE causes menstrual irregularities, ovarian failure, follicular atresia, and premature ovarian failure (POF) leading to the cessation of menstruation. Phaseolus vulgaris L. contains isoflavones that can trigger oocyte maturation, stimulate the formation of antral follicles, increase FSH receptor expression and proliferate cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) expression. This study aims to prove the effect of red bean extract (isoflavones) in SLE by and increasing the secretion of anti-inflammatory IL-10 levels. Material and Methods: This study used a true experimental design with a post-test-only controlled group design. The samples used in this study were at least 25 female Balb/c mice. Data on serum IL-10 levels in mice were obtained by measurement using ELISA. The data were statistically analysed using SPSS 16 for Windows software program. The data were tested for normality and homogeneity using parametric non-parametric analysis. Results: The results showed that there was a significant difference in ANA levels with a p-value of 0.000 in each sample. From this test, it was proven that there was a significant increase in IL-10 levels at doses of 75 mg/KgBW (P2) and 100 mg/KgBW (P3) (p-value=0.000) due to the administration of various doses of red bean extract (isoflavones). Conclusion: Red bean extract (isoflavones) had a significant effect in increasing IL-10 levels.

The Influence of Giving Green Bean Extract and Bean Extract Soybean on Increasing Haemoglobin Levels in Trimester III Pregnant Women

Anemia is a health problem throughout the world, especially in developing countries. Iron deficiency problems often cause anemia in pregnant women because iron is needed to help the body produce new red blood cells rich in oxygen and nutrients; the impact of anemia on pregnant women is not insignificant. Mainly, pregnant women who experience anemia in pregnancy will affect the period of pregnancy, labor, and childbirth, namely miscarriage, bleeding, premature parturition, uterine inertia, prolonged delivery, uterine atony, shock, stillbirth, in the puerperium, and can even have an impact on death. Aim the study to measure the increase in hemoglobin levels in third-trimester pregnant women from the effect of green bean and soybean extracts.&#x0D; This research is a quasi-experimental research with a two-group pre-test - post-test approach. The population of this study was the third-trimester pregnant women who had their pregnancies checked at the Putri Ayu Public Health Centre. The sampling technique for this study was simple random sampling, and the sample size was 20 respondents who met the inclusion criteria. The sample used in this study is simple random sampling. Following the research hypothesis described, the statistical analysis technique used is univariate with frequency distribution and bivariate with the Wilcoxon test. Research analysis was carried out with the help of a computerized program. Based on the study's Wilcoxon test results, the green bean group value was ρ = 0.003 (CI 95%), while in the soybean group, it was ρ = 0.011. This means that mung bean extract is more influential in increasing haemoglobin levels in thirdtrimester pregnant women than soybean extract.

Spray-dried microencapsulation of bean coat flour (Phaselus vulgaris, L.) bioactive compounds: optimization, functional activity, and storage

ABSTRACT Common beans are a source of phenolic compounds. However, they are sensitive to different factors. Microencapsulation may protect those bioactive compounds (BC). Hence, it is important to study the effects of microencapsulation and increase BC stability. A mix of methanolic extract of bean coat flour was prepared with N-lok as wall material. Inlet air temperature and total solids of wall material were evaluated. Air inlet temperature (115°C) and 28.54% total solids were the optimal conditions for the drying process, obtaining the highest concentration of BC. The particle size of microcapsules was ≈20 μm, and microencapsulation efficiency reached 96.29%. The stability conditions at two temperatures (30°C and 7°C) and two water activities (0.329 and 0.765) showed that encapsulation maintained BC stability in time as compared to control. The bean coat extract can be used as a functional microencapsulate with high BC content in the food and pharmaceutical sectors.