Extraction Process Of Polysaccharides Research Articles

Optimization of extraction process of polysaccharide from Phylloporia fontanesiae and its simulated digestion in vitro.

In this study, Phylloporia fontanesiae polysaccharide was successfully isolated through a sequential water extraction and alcohol precipitation process. Utilizing the Box-Behnken design, the extraction process was optimized based on single-factor experiments, considering variables such as the material-to-liquid ratio, extraction temperature, extraction time, and the number of extractions. The polysaccharide composition of P. fontanesiae is predominantly composed of mannose, glucuronic acid, glucose, and galactose, with a molar mass ratio of 4.31:4.10:36.83:1, along with minor amounts of aminoglucose and fucose. The polysaccharide fraction of P. fontanesiae comprises two distinct components, possessing relative molecular masses of 8.85kDa and 134.03kDa. Notably, the polysaccharide exhibited significant antioxidant activity. After undergoing simulated gastrointestinal digestion, no significant changes were observed in its antioxidant activity, molecular weight, or monosaccharide composition. This study not only enhanced the extraction efficiency of P. fontanesiae polysaccharide but also provided valuable insights into its composition, structure, and digestion characteristics. PRACTICAL APPLICATION: The optimum extraction process, stability, and antioxidant activity of Phylloporia fontanesiae polysaccharide during simulated digestion of gastrointestinal tract were studied. The results provide a theoretical basis for the development and application of this polysaccharide in the field of food and health products.

Extraction, characterization, and neuroprotective effects of polysaccharides the stems of Panax ginseng C. A. Meyer by three different solvents (water, acid, alkali)

The purpose of this study was to optimize the extraction process of polysaccharides from the stems of Panax ginseng C. A. Meyer using different solvents (water, acid and alkali), and investigate their protective effects on PC12 cells against Amyloid-β1–42 (Aβ1–42)-induced cell apoptosis. Three polysaccharides (W-GSP, Ac-GSP and Al-GSP) were prepared and optimized: liquid to material ratio 27:1 mL/g, extraction temperature 89°C, extraction time 2.9 h and 0.3 mol/L HCl/NaOH. The results of characterization indicated that the monosaccharides of W-GSP (703.80 kDa), Ac-GSP (641.38 kDa) and Al-GSP (457.04 kDa) all composed mannose, rhamnose, glucuronic acid, galacturonic acid, glucose, galactose, xylose and arabinose with different molar ratios. Interestingly, W-GSP possessed a lower uronic acid, higher molecular weight, rougher surface and poorer thermal stability, whereby W-GSP exhibited a protective effect against Aβ1–42-induced apoptosis in PC12 cells by mediating the JNK signaling pathway, restoring the mitochondrial membrane potential and reducing intracellular ROS levels. This study should be provided the theoretical basis for the study and exploitation of polysaccharides from the stems of Panax ginseng C. A. Meyer.

Extraction, purification, chemical characterization, and in vitro hypoglycemic activity of polysaccharides derived from Rosa laevigata Michx.

This study aimed to optimize the extraction process of polysaccharides from Rosa laevigata Michx. (RLMP) using an ultrasound-microwave-assisted method and investigate its in vitro hypoglycemic activity. Key factors affecting RLMP yield were identified using a Plackett–Burman design, followed by a Box–Behnken design and response–surface methodology, to determine the optimal extraction conditions. RLMP was purified using DEAE-52 cellulose, yielding two homogeneous fractions: RLMP-1 and RLMP-2. Monosaccharide composition was analyzed by gas chromatography, and structural characterization of RLMP, RLMP-1, and RLMP-2 was performed using FT-IR, SEM, and TEM. Methylation analysis and NMR were used to elucidate the sugar-chain structure of RLMP-1. In vitro hypoglycemic activity analysis showed that RLMP improved the glucose consumption and glycogen synthesis and enhanced the activities of pyruvate kinase and hexokinase in IR-HepG2 cells. Moreover, RLMP significantly increased the activities of antioxidant enzymes, such as CAT, SOD, and GSH-Px and decreased those of ROS and MDA. Western blotting analysis confirmed that RLMP enhances glucose and lipid metabolism and reduces oxidative stress by activating the PI3K/Akt/GLUT-4 signaling pathway, thereby exerting its hypoglycemic effect. These findings suggest that RLMP is a promising candidate for developing novel antioxidant agents or hypoglycemic drugs.

Extraction of Pithecellobium clypearia Benth polysaccharides by dual-frequency ultrasound-assisted extraction: Structural characterization, antioxidant, hypoglycemic and anti-hyperlipidemic activities

In this research, the extraction process of polysaccharides from Pithecellobium clypearia Benth (PCBPs) was optimized using dual-frequency ultrasound-assisted extraction (DUAE). The biological activities of PCBPs were investigated by in vitro antioxidant, hypoglycemic, and anti-hyperlipidemic assay. High-performance anion-exchange chromatography, high-performance gel permeation chromatography, SEM, UV–Vis spectroscopy, and FT-IR spectra were used to analyze the monosaccharide composition, molecular weight, microscopic morphology, and characteristic structure of PCBPs. The results showed that the maximum extraction rate of PCBPs was 9.90 ± 0.16% when the ultrasonic time was 8 min, the liquid-to-material ratio was 32 mL/g, and the ultrasonic power was 510 W. The PCBPs also possessed excellent in vitro antioxidant, hypoglycemic, and anti-hyperlipidemic activities. In addition, the average molecular weight of PCBPs was 15.07 kDa. PCBPs consisted of rhamnose, arabinose, galactose, glucose, xylose, mannose, and glucuronic acid, with the molar ratios of 11.07%, 18.54%, 48.17%, 10.44%, 4.62%, 4.96%, and 2.20%, respectively. Moreover, the results of SEM showed that PCBPs mainly showed a fine spherical mesh structure. The above studies provided a valuable theoretical basis for the subsequent in-depth study of PCBPs.

OPTIMIZATION OF THE EXTRACTION PROCESS OF HORSE CHESTNUT (AESCULUS HIPPOCASTANUM L.) POLYSACCHARIDES

The results of the development of optimal parameters for the extraction process of polysaccharides isolated from the shells of horse chestnut fruits collected on the territory of Tashkent and the Tashkent region of the Republic of Uzbekistan are presented. To identify the optimal indicators affecting the extraction processes, the influence of the following parameters on the yield of polysaccharides was studied: the ratio of raw materials: extractant, the extraction rate, the extraction temperature, the degree of evaporation. It has been established that at ratios of raw materials : extractant of 1 : 30, the highest yield of the final product is observed leads to a significant increase in the yield of the final product. The influence of the temperature regime on the yield of polysaccharides was carried out in the temperature range from 25 to 120 °С. At the same time, under constant conditions of the bath modulus of 1 : 30 and the duration of extraction of 2 hours with varying temperature, the highest yield of polysaccharides is observed at a temperature of 95 °С. The optimal degree of evaporation of the extract, in which no large losses of the final product are observed, is the degree of evaporation by 4 times. To assess the influence of technological parameters on the change in qualitative or quantitative indicators of the quality of PS, a one-way analysis of variance was studied for each experiment. Analysis of variance showed the significance of the Fisher criterion, since the p-value is less than 0.05, therefore, the influence of the studied parameters on the yield of polysaccharides can be considered proven. Keywords: extraction, aqueous fraction, extractant, analysis of variance.

Extraction of Polysaccharides from Root of Pseudostellaria heterophylla (Miq.) Pax. and the Effects of Ultrasound Treatment on Its Properties and Antioxidant and Immune Activities.

The hydrophilic polysaccharides (PS) were isolated and purified from the tuberous roots of Pseudostellaria heterophylla. The extraction process of PS from Pesudostellariae radix was optimized by single-factor experiments and orthogonal design. The extract was purified by DEAE cellulose column to obtain the pure polysaccharide PHP. Then PHP was treated with different intensities of sonication to study the effect of sonication on PHP's characteristics and its biological activity in vitro and in vivo. The results of this study revealed that ultrasound treatment did not significantly change the properties of PHP. Further, with the increase of ultrasound intensity, PHP enhanced the proliferation and phagocytosis of macrophage RAW264.7. Meanwhile, it could also significantly improve the body's antioxidant activity and immune function. The results of this study demonstrated that PHP has the potential as a food additive with enhanced antioxidant and immune functions, and its biological activities could be enhanced by sonication.

Polysaccharides from Brasenia schreberi with Great Antioxidant Ability and the Potential Application in Yogurt.

Brasenia schreberi is a widely consumed aquatic plant, yet the knowledge regarding its bioactive components, particularly polysaccharides, remains limited. Therefore, this study aimed to optimize the extraction process of polysaccharides from B. schreberi using the response surface method (RSM). Additionally, we characterized the polysaccharides using various methods and assessed their antioxidant capabilities both in vitro and in vivo, employing cell cultures and Caenorhabditis elegans. Furthermore, these polysaccharides were incorporated into a unique yogurt formulation. Our findings demonstrated that hot water extraction was the most suitable method for extracting polysaccharides from B. schreberi, yielding samples with high sugar content, significant antioxidant capacity, and a well-defined spatial structure. Moreover, pectinase was employed for polysaccharide digestion, achieving an enzymolysis rate of 10.02% under optimized conditions using RSM. Notably, the results indicated that these polysaccharides could protect cells from oxidative stress by reducing apoptosis. Surprisingly, at a concentration of 250 μg/mL, the polysaccharides significantly increased the survival rate of C. elegans from 31.05% to 82.3%. Further qPCR results revealed that the polysaccharides protected C. elegans by up-regulating the daf-16 gene and down-regulating mTOR and insulin pathways, demonstrating remarkable antioxidant abilities. Upon addition to the yogurt, the polysaccharides significantly enhanced the water retention, viscosity, and viability of lactic acid bacteria. These outcomes underscore the potential of polysaccharides from B. schreberi as a valuable addition to novel yogurt formulations, thereby providing additional theoretical support for the utilization of B. schreberi.

Ultrasound-assisted extraction and characterization of Penthorum chinense polysaccharide with anti-inflammatory effects

Penthorum chinense has been used in both food and medication for many years, and polysaccharide of which was considered as one of the bioactive compounds. However, the extraction process of polysaccharide from P. chinense (PCP) was not well optimized. Ultrasound-assisted extractionhas been widely employed in the extraction of natural products for its compliance with the concept of green and economic chemistry. To better investigate the structure and biology activity of PCP, response surface methodology was employed to optimize the ultrasound-assisted extraction conditions of PCP. The optimum extraction for the ultrasound-assisted extraction of PCP were obtained as ratio of solvent to material 40 mL/g, ultrasonic power 380 W, and extraction time of 50 min. The yield of PCP reached 8.71% under these optimized conditions. PCP was further purified by using anion exchange chromatography and gel filtration, an acidic fraction PCP-AP-1 was hereby obtained. The results of structural elucidation indicated that PCP-AP-1 was a typical pectic polysaccharide with a molecular weight of 66360 Da, mainly composed of galacturonic acid (68.5 mol%), followed by arabinose (9.8 mol%), rhamnose (9.4 mol%), glucose (7.7 mol%), with homogalacturonan region and rhamnogalacturonan I regions. In vitro study showed that PCP-AP-1 could improve the inflammation induced by lipopolysaccharide in intestinal epithelial cells, which was probably performed through the inhibition of multiple signaling pathways including the inhibition of TLR4, NOD1/2 and NF-κB pathway, as well as the reduction of NLRP3 inflammasome. This study defined the type of polysaccharide present in P. chinense and revealed a potential of application this plant in the prevention of intestinal inflammatory diseases.

Ultrasonic extraction, structural modification and gastric mucosal cells protective activity of a polysaccharide from Dendrobium denneanum

Optimize the ultrasonic extraction process of polysaccharides from Dendrobium denneanum by Response surface design (RSM). The main polysaccharide (DP40) from was separated by anion exchange chromatography, and its structure was modified by low-temperature plasma. The results showed that the polysaccharide extraction rate of ultrasonic was 22.98 ± 0.97%, which was significantly higher than water extraction method(P < 0.05). FT-IR showed that low-temperature plasma modification could improve the water solubility and OH content. NMR showed that the 1 → 6 glycosidic bonds of DP40 are transformed into 1 → 4 glycosidic bonds and 1 → 3 glycosidic bonds, and the α-configuration sugar ring is transformed into β-configuration after plasma treatment. SEM and TEM analysis showed that the morphology of modified DP40 changed from layered porous network structure to smooth morphology, and bulged into semicircular particles, and the degree of cross-linking of surface molecules increased. The results of biological activity experiments indicated that the modified polysaccharide (500–1000 μg·mL−1) can significantly improve the survival rate of GES-1 cells (p < 0.01). Compared with the untreated group, the high concentration of 1000 μg·mL−1 DP40-plasma could not only reduce ROS by 14.5% (p < 0.05) and MDA by 27.45% (p < 0.05), increase SOD activity by 28.27%, but also reduce cytokines (IL-8, TNF-α, IL-1β) by 31.82% (p < 0.05), 33.23% (p < 0.05) and 21.97% (p < 0.05), respectively. At the same time, low-temperature plasma modification can effectively reduce the caspase 3 activity, prevent cell apoptosis, and protect gastric mucosal cells from ethanol damage. Therefore, low-temperature plasma modification can improve the biological activity of DP40 polysaccharide by altering its structural characteristics. The results provide a new idea for the application of low-temperature plasma modification in biomacromolecules.

Improving fed-batch culture efficiency of Rhodiola sachalinensis cells and optimizing flash extraction process of polysaccharides from the cultured cells by BBD–RSM

Fed-batch culture of plant cells can enhance biomass and bioactive compound accumulation compared with batch culture, in which the initial culture medium is one of the controllable factors in the fed-batch culture system. Rhodiola sachalinensis is a valuable medicinal herb and its cell culture is an alternative approach to obtaining plant material. R. sachalinensis cells has been previously cultured in a fed-batch culture system and the initial culture medium has been found to critically affect production yield. Therefore, this study investigated the effect of nitrogen concentration, ammonia and nitrate ratio (NH4+/NO3-), and phosphorus and calcium concentrations in initial culture medium on cell biomass, as well as salidroside and polysaccharide accumulation to improve the fed-batch culture efficiency. Then, the cultured cells were extracted by flash extraction and the extraction conditions were optimized by Box-Behnken Design Response Surface Method (BBD–RSM). Finally, the antibacterial and antibiofilm effects of the extract were examined to further utilize R. sachalinensis cell cultures. The results showed that the fed-batch culture efficiency was obviously improved when the initial culture medium was modified as 30 mM of nitrogen with 5/25 of NH4+/NO3-, 0.94 mM of phosphorus, and 2.3 mM of calcium, at which 277.3 mg/L of salidroside and 4.5 g/L of polysaccharides were obtained In flash extraction, polysaccharide yield was as the response value to optimize extraction process by controlling extraction time, extraction temperature, and liquid–solid ratio in the BBD–RSM experiments. The optimal flash extraction conditions were 55.7 s of extraction time, 56.5 °C of extraction temperature, and 37.0 mL/g of liquid–solid ratio, which the polysaccharide yield reached 12.76% under the optimized conditions. In antibacterial experiment, the cell extract (RCE) inhibited the growth of Bacillus subtilis, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Salmonella choleraesuis; the biofilm of B. subtilis and S. choleraesuis was scavenged in the groups of 8 mg/mL and 16 mg/mL RCE. The findings provided a basis for further industrial production of cell cultures and a theoretical reference in using R. sachalinensis cells in the production of antibacterial-related products.

Optimization of the Extraction Process and Antioxidant Activity of Polysaccharide Extracted from Centipeda minima.

The purpose of this study is to optimize the extraction process and study antioxidant activity of Polysaccharide extracted from Centipeda minima. The Box-Behnken design-response surface methodology was adopted to optimize the extraction process of polysaccharides from Centipeda minima. We purified the crude polysaccharides from Centipeda minima, as well as determined the purity, monosaccharide composition, and molecular weight of the purified fraction. Fourier transform infrared spectrometer (FT-IR) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) were used to analyze the structural features of the polysaccharides. Further, we investigated the antioxidant activities of different fractions of polysaccharides. Consequently, the results showed that the optimum extraction conditions for polysaccharides were: a liquid-solid ratio of 26 mL/g, extraction temperature of 85.5 °C, and extraction time of 2.4 h. Moreover, the yield of polysaccharides measured under these conditions was close to the predicted value. After purification, we obtained four components of Centipeda minima polysaccharides (CMP). The purity, monosaccharide composition, molecular weight, and structural characteristics of CMP were different, but with similar infrared absorption spectra. CMP exhibited a typical infrared absorption characteristic of a polysaccharide. Besides, CMP displayed good antioxidant activity, with potential to scavenge DPPH radical, hydroxyl radical, and superoxide radical. Therefore, this study provides a reference for future research on the structure and biological activity of CMP, and lays a theoretical foundation for food processing and medicinal development of CMP.

Optimization of Extraction Process of Polysaccharides from Olea europaea L. Leaves and Its Physicochemical Properties and Antioxidant Activity

Optimization of Extraction Process of Polysaccharides from Olea europaea L. Leaves and Its Physicochemical Properties and Antioxidant Activity

Optimization of ultrasonic extraction of polysaccharides from Flammulina velutipes residue and its protective effect against heavy metal toxicity

The extraction process of polysaccharides from Flammulina velutipes residue (FVRP) was optimized by the single factor test and response surface methodology with the physical and chemical properties of FVRP determined. The protective effect of FVRP against heavy metals and their mechanism were studied based on Saccharomyces cerevisiae. The results showed that the extraction rate reached 83.7 mg/g with conditions as follows: ultrasonic temperature 75 ℃, extraction time 20 min, material-liquid ratio 1:50 (g/mL), and ultrasonic power 540 W. FVRP with an average molecular weight of 335.3 kDa, containing xylose (17.2 %), galactose (17.0 %), mannose (15.8 %), fucose (9.3 %), arabinose (5.7 %), rhamnose (7.4 %), glucose (8.3 %), galacturonic acid (16.2 %), and glucuronic acid (3.3 %), was obtained under the optimal conditions. FVRP exhibited a strong in vitro antioxidant activity, the scavenging rate on DPPH and ABTS was 55.6 % and 93.9 %, respectively, as FVRP concentration reached 4 mg/mL. Moreover, FVRP significantly rescued the toxicity of heavy metals (cadmium, nickel, and lead) and H2O2 in yeast cells by reducing the overproduction of intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS). Furthermore, FVRP at the concentration of 0.1 mg/mL still exhibited protective effect in yeast cells against toxicity. Our study built a strong foundation for the reuse and development of FVRP and its protective effect against heavy metal toxicity.

Ultrasonic Extraction Process of Polysaccharides from Dendrobium nobile Lindl.: Optimization, Physicochemical Properties and Anti-Inflammatory Activity.

To optimize the ultrasonic extraction process of polysaccharides from Dendrobium nobile Lindl. (DNP), the extraction method was conducted through a single-factor test and the response-surface methodology (RSM). With the optimal extraction process (liquid–solid ratio of 40 mL/g, ultrasonic time of 30 min, and ultrasonic power of 400 W), the maximum extraction yield was 5.16 ± 0.41%. DNP1 and DNP2 were then fractionated via DEAE-QFF and Sephacryl S-300 HR chromatography. The molecular weight (Mw) of DNP1 was identified as 67.72 kDa, composed of Man (75.86 ± 0.05%) and Glc (24.14 ± 0.05%), and the Mw of DNP2 was 37.45 kDa, composed of Man (72.32 ± 0.03%) and Glc (27.68 ± 0.03%). Anti-inflammatory assays results showed that as DNPs were 200 μg/mL, and the contents of NO, TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6 and IL-10 in LPS-induced RAW 264.7 cells were about 13.39% and 13.39%, 43.88% and 43.51%, 17.80% and 15.37%, 13.84% and 20.66%, and 938.85% and 907.77% of those in control group, respectively. It was indicated that DNP1 and DNP2 inhibited the inflammatory response of RAW 264.7 cells induced by LPS via suppressing the level of NO and pro-inflammatory cytokines (TNF-α, IL-1β and IL-6) and promoting the secretion of anti-inflammatory cytokine (IL-10). Therefore, DNP1 and DNP2 have potential applications in the treatment of inflammatory injury.

Optimization of Extraction Process of Polysaccharides from Plumeria rubra L.cv. Acutifolia and Evaluation of Biological Activity

Optimization of Extraction Process of Polysaccharides from Plumeria rubra L.cv. Acutifolia and Evaluation of Biological Activity

Simultaneous extraction of polysaccharides and polyphenols from blackcurrant fruits: Comparison between response surface methodology and artificial neural networks

A procedure for simultaneous extraction of polysaccharides and polyphenols from blackcurrant fruits by microwave-assisted aqueous two-phase system (MA-ATPS) was studied. Ethanol/(NH4)2SO4 was determined as the most suitable ATPS including 18.99 % (NH4)2SO4 and 31.65 % of absolute ethanol. Apart from response surface methodology (RSM), artificial neural network linked genetic algorithms and grey relational analysis (ANN-GA-GRA) was also employed to optimize the extraction process of polysaccharides and polyphenols from blackcurrant fruits. GA was used to give assistance to the parameters optimization of ANN model and GRA was subsequently utilized to optimize the variables. ANN model displayed relatively higher coefficient of determination (R2, 0.9805) and lower absolute average deviation (AAD, 0.6648) than those of RSM (R2 = 0.9783, AAD = 0.8505), indicating ANN possessed more excellent prediction and estimation capabilities. Under the optimum conditions (liquid-to-material ratio, extraction time, extraction temperature and microwave power predicted by RSM were 60.01 mL/g, 9.96 min, 59.57 °C, and 592.98 W, while predicted by ANN were 56.10 mL/g, 9.78 min, 60.92 °C, and 640.78 W), the yields of polysaccharides, anthocyanins, polyphenols, and DPPH radical scavenging activities of two phases given by ANN (46.75 %, 6.75 mg/g, 53.51 mg/g, 95.17 %, and 97.05 %) were higher than those deriving from RSM (43.48 %, 6.62 mg/g, 52.48 mg/g, 93.72 %, and 96.65 %). In addition, gas chromatography (GC) analysis confirmed that the polysaccharides in bottom phase were composed of six monosaccharides, and thirteen phenolic compounds were determined in the extract of top phase by high-performance liquid chromatography-electrospray ionization-mass spectrometry (HPLC-ESI-MS). Therefore, microwave-assisted ethanol/(NH4)2SO4 extraction may be a promising technique to simultaneously prepare multiple active compounds from blackcurrant, and ANN-GA-GRA was an effective mathematical model to predict and optimize this extraction process.

Optimization of extraction process, characterization and antioxidant activities of polysaccharide from Leucopaxillus giganteus

Many literatures have been reported edible fungi with high protein, high carbohydrates, low fat and a variety of biological activities, while Leucopaxillus giganteus was rarely studied. In this study, in order to obtain high yield polysaccharides from L. giganteus, the best extraction process of polysaccharides was optimized by single factor and orthogonal experiments. The polysaccharide extracted by optimized method was characterized and its antioxidant activities were further investigated. The results showed that the optimum extraction conditions were as follows: ratio of material to water of 1:35, extraction temperature of 80 °C, extraction time of 4.5 h, ultrasound assisted and extraction times of 3. Under the optimal extraction conditions, the yield of polysaccharides from L. giganteus was 6.79 ± 0.15% (n = 3). High Performance Gel Permeation Chromatography showed that molecular weight of partially purified polysaccharide was about 92.4 KDa. The results of TGA and Congo red test indicated that polysaccharides from L. giganteus had great thermal stability and contained triple-helix structure. The antioxidant results in vitro suggested that the polysaccharide from L. giganteus had excellent antioxidant activity on DPPH· (91.76%), OH· (67.22%) and ABTS + (81.03%) at the concentration of 2 mg/mL. This result provided a theoretical basis for the polysaccharide from L. giganteus as a potential natural antioxidant in the future.

Kinetics and thermodynamics of water extraction of foxtail millet polysaccharides

In order to understand the mechanism of the extraction process of polysaccharides from foxtail millet by hot water, the extraction was carried out for studying the kinetics and thermodynamics of extraction process. After the appropriate stirring rate and liquid material ratio was selected through preliminary experiment, the changes of polysaccharides mass concentration in the extract liquor with extraction temperature and extraction time were measured. The experimental data were fitted by the first-order model. The kinetics and thermodynamics parameters were calculated. The results showed that the appropriate stirring rate and liquid material ratio was 150 r/min, 20.0 mL/g respectively. The greater extraction rate and higher equilibrium mass concentration could be obtained under higher extraction temperature. The extraction process accorded with the first-order dynamics model. The apparent activation energy of process was 12.03 kJ/mol under study conditions. The internal diffusion coefficient was increased with increasing temperature in the range of 7.84×10-10 - 1.29×10-9 m2/min. The half-life was decreased from 25.2 min to 3.9 min as temperature increased. The Gibbs free energies were all less than zero, the enthalpy change was 31.96 kJ/mol and the entropy change was 120.3 J/(mol·K) in process. The polysaccharides extraction process was a spontaneous, endothermic and entropy increases process.

Ultrasonic-assisted Extraction, Purification, Antioxidant and Antibacterial Activity of Polysaccharide from &lt;i&gt;Cornus officinalis&lt;/i&gt; Leaves

The ultrasonic-assisted extraction process of polysaccharide from Cornus officinalis leaves (COLP) was optimized. After isolation and purification, the antioxidant and antibacterial activities of polysaccharide were studied in vitro. The extraction rate was highest under conditions of ultrasonic power 340 W, solvent to solid ratio 26:1(v/w), extraction temperature 71 °C and extraction time 2.3 h, reaching 7.04%, which was consistent with the model predicted value. The crude polysaccharide was isolated and purified by DEAE-52 cellulose chromatography column, and four components COLP-1, COLP-2, COLP-3 and COLP-4 were obtained. Then, Sephadex G-100 chromatography column was used to purify COLP-1 and COLP-3, and two components COLP-1-1 and COLP-3-2 were obtained. COLP-1-1 had strong scavenging ability against DPPH free radicals, against hydroxyl radical, and superoxide anion radical, with the highest clearance rate reaching 81.48%, 79.48% and 72.87% respectively. COLP-3-2 also had strong scavenging ability against DPPH free radicals, against hydroxyl radical, and superoxide anion radical, with the highest clearance rate reaching 88.57%, 76.64% and 86.08% respectively. The results indicated that COLP-1-1 and COLP-3-2 had higher antioxidant activity, and the antioxidant activity of COLP-3-2 was stronger than COLP-1-1. The†results of antibacterial activity showed†that COLP-1-1 had the highest antibacterial activity on Bacillus subtilis and weaker antibacterial activity on Escherichia coli, Salmonella typhimurium and Staphylococcus aureus; COLP-3-2 had a certain antibacterial activity on Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Salmonella typhimurium and Bacillus subtilis.

Optimization of the extraction process of polysaccharide from Bublophyllum kwangtungense and its antioxidant activity

Optimization of the extraction process of polysaccharide from Bublophyllum kwangtungense and its antioxidant activity