Extraction Of Bio-oil Research Articles

Extraction of Bio Oil from Jordanian Biomass Resources via Pyrolysis and its Antibacterial Effect

This study explores the potential of pyrolytic oil extracted from Jordanian biomass resources as an antibacterial agent. Pyrolysis, a transformative thermal decomposition process, offers a promising avenue for converting biomass into valuable products. Pyrolytic oil, derived from biomass via pyrolysis, presents a complex composition and inherent antibacterial properties, making it a candidate for addressing antibiotic resistance and promoting sustainable solutions. Five biomass feed stocks were subjected to pyrolysis and their product distributions were analyzed. Pyrolytic oil yields were investigated and antibacterial activities against four bacterial strains were evaluated using disc diffusion, minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) assays. Results indicate varying levels of antibacterial activity among the biomass extracts, highlighting their potential as eco-friendly antibacterial agents.

Stable diesel and bio-oil emulsion through solvent extraction and ultrasonic aided emulsification

Fast pyrolysis bio-oil is considered a highly preferable supplement to conventional fossil fuels. However, the direct application of pyrolysis bio-oil is limited due to poor fuel properties. Emulsification of bio-oil with diesel using a solvent is considered a relatively straightforward technique for utilizing bio-oil directly with diesel. In this study, new solvents were studied with the aid of sonication to produce a stable emulsion of diesel and bio-oil. 2-Octanol, 2-Heptanol and 2-Octanone were selected as solvents based on computer-aided molecular design (CAMD) method. Bio-oil was blended with 5, 10, 15 and 20 wt% of 2-Octanol using sonication. The solvent-oil blends with different solvents (2-Heptanol and 2-Octanone) at 20 wt% were also investigated for extracting organics from bio-oil. Subsequently, sonication-assisted emulsification of the solvent-extracted bio-oil with diesel was conducted with the aid of a composite surfactant with a hydrophilic-lipophilic balance (HLB) value of 7. Extraction of bio-oil with 20 wt% of 2-Octanol provided a maximum organic yield of 37.9 ± 1.3 % with a Higher Heating Value (HHV) of 31.9 MJ/kg. The desired ratio for emulsification was found to be 80: 15: 5 (diesel: surfactant: solvent-extracted bio-oil). The emulsion samples showed promising quality with an HHV of 44.0 MJ/kg and a pH of 8.0 ± 0.1. Moreover, no phase separation was observed even after the accelerated ageing process at 80 ºC for 24 hours. The results showed that all three solvents had an overall positive effect on the extraction of organics from bio-oil and aided in emulsification with diesel in which 2-Octanol was the most effective solvent for achieving a stable diesel – bio-oil emulsion.

Liquefied dimethyl ether as alternative extraction solvent for high γ-oryzanol rice bran oil: Systematic HSP theory and experimental evaluation

This study aimed to systematically find an alternative solvent to replace hexane for the extraction of bio-oil with high γ-oryzanol content from rice bran (RB). The selection involved predicting solubility through Hansen solubility theory, experimental validation, determination of suitable extraction conditions, and comparison of oil quality with that of conventional hexane. A wide variety of solvents: subcritical water (SCW), supercritical carbon dioxide (SCCO2), bio-based solvents (alcohols and terpenes), and liquefied dimethyl ether (LDME), were initially assessed for rice bran oil (RBO) and γ-oryzanol solubility using Hansen solubility spheres. Solvents demonstrating high solubility for both RBO and γ-oryzanol, including LDME, ethyl acetate, acetone, and others (alcohols and SCCO2) known for effective vegetable oil extraction, were selected/identified for experimental extraction comparison. Among these, LDME performed better overall, affording greater solubility and requiring less solvent, shorter duration, lower pressure, and no additional co-solvents for equivalent extractions. Optimal conditions for LDME extraction were identified as 30 °C with a solvent-to-sample ratio of 10 mL/g and an extraction time of 10 min. Oils extracted with LDME and hexane displayed similar fatty acid compositions and no adverse effects on RB protein and carbohydrate structures after LDME extraction were observed. This study demonstrates LDME as a promising alternative to replace hexane for RBO extraction to further valorize this abundant low-cost RB residue into bio-oil and its γ-oryzanol and de-oil RB co-products.

Investigation and optimization of bio-oil extraction from mixed Jatropha-Castor seeds using screw-pressing methodology

The increasing global energy demand has led to the dominance of fossil fuels, but they also contribute to harmful emissions and global warming, and biofuels offer a promising alternative. This study aims to extract bio-oil from mixed Jatropha-Castor seeds as an alternative fuel, overcoming atomizing challenges with current biofuels through precise extraction methods. A comprehensive exploration of various extraction methods, including solvent, hydraulic, and screw pressing techniques, is undertaken. Special attention is given to optimizing the screw pressing method in terms of yield, energy and time consumption. In the realm of screw pressing, the oil yield is enhanced by elevating the extraction temperature and screw speed across all proportions. The yield showed a significant correlation with temperature, while speed significantly impacted energy and time consumption. The screw press method demonstrates considerable suitability for processing mixed Jatropha-Castor seeds in comparison to solvent and hydraulic methods. Quantitatively, the screw-pressing enhances the yield by 34.27–131.96% compared to hydraulic method, albeit with a minor decrease of 2.41–32.21% compared to solvent method. Nevertheless, the screw press achieves notable savings in extraction energy (35.65%) and time (92.91%). The results from mixed seeds demonstrate good consistency with diesel properties and could contribute to advanced fuel technology.

Life cycle greenhouse gas emission analysis of co-processing of algal bio-oil and vacuum gas oil in an existing refinery

The co-processing of algal bio-oil and vacuum gas oil (VGO) within existing refineries to generate gasoline and diesel represents a financially advantageous strategy for the integration of third-generation biofuels. Microalgae cultivation can be facilitated through the utilization of algal turf scrubbers (ATS) and open raceway ponds (ORP), with algal bio-oil extraction achievable via hydrothermal liquefaction (HTL) and fast pyrolysis (FP). Four distinct algal bio-oil production processes, namely ORP&HTL, ORP&FP, ATS&FP, and ATS&HTL, have been identified for the integration of algae cultivation and algal bio-oil production. To assess the global warming potential (GWP) of the five co-processing scenarios, the four algal bio-oils co-processed with VGO, along with pure VGO cracking, underwent evaluation utilizing the CML 2001 method. The investigation revealed that the ORP&HTL scenario exhibited the lowest GWP among the five scenarios. In the ORP scenarios, KNO3 and Ca(H2PO4)2·CaHPO4 were utilized as nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) sources during the algae production stage, resulting in a GWP 3.86 and 2.01 times higher than that observed in the ATS scenarios during this phase. Subsequent sensitivity analysis demonstrated that optimizing the reduction of GWP entails diminishing electricity and nutrient consumption within the algal production processes, alongside augmenting the proportion of algal bio-oil in the feed. This strategic approach effectively mitigates the GWP associated with the co-processing endeavor.

Experimental investigation of optimum bio-oil production parameters through co-pyrolysis of three organic wastes

In Bangladesh, approximately 24,000 tonnes of general wastes are produced per day which creates environmental pollution due to lack of their proper disposal. Hence, a unique utilization of three types of wastes named rice husk (RH), scrap tire (ST) and low-density polyethylene (LDPE) has been investigated using a fixed bed co-pyrolysis reactor for bio-oil extraction. Pyrolysis is selected because it produces more liquid (bio-oil) than other thermochemical treatments. The extracted bio-oil has been characterized by elemental analysis, calorific value, fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and gas chromatography (GC-MS). During co-pyrolysis it is observed that higher process temperature produces more gaseous product and comparatively less char and liquid products (above 400 °C). In terms of a mixing ratio, higher percentage of LDPE produces more liquid and gaseous products on the contrary less amount of char product. The optimum operating conditions to produce maximum amount of bio-oil were 400 °C temperature for particle size of 1.18–2.36 mm, feed mixing ratio of 40:40:20 (ST/RH/LDPE), and running time of 120 min. The elemental analysis of the extracted bio-oil showed higher carbon and hydrogen content and lower oxygen content with a higher calorific value than that of the studied individual biomass-derived oil, leading to upgraded bio-oil. FTIR and GC-MS analysis clarifies the presence of mainly aliphatic compound in the co-pyrolytic oil. However, the number of aromatic compounds present in the co-pyrolytic oil is less than the individual biomass derived oil. The results indicated that the co-pyrolysis of ST, RH, and LDPE could be a promising way of organic waste material conversion into useful alternative fuel.

Optimization of bio-oil extraction from Chlorella biomass via a green approach to obtain algal-based Di-ethyl phthalate.

This study focuses on determining the optimum external operating parameters of algal cell lysis for extraction of bio-oil from Chlorella biomass. Response surface methodology has been applied to a regression analysis model for optimizing solvent ratios, i.e., ethyl acetate to ethanol (E.A.:E) ratio for maximum extraction of bio-oil and aqueous deep eutectic solvent to biomass (aDES:biomass) ratio for algal pretreatment for the enhanced yield of bio-oil. Optimized process conditions were 15min of homogenization combined with ultrasonication (hybrid method). The aDES:biomass ratio of 8.25 caused the highest cell disruption efficiency to liberate bio-oil from encapsulated cells. The solvent ethyl acetate to ethanol ratio (E.A.:E) was optimum at 0.8 for maximum extraction of bio-oil, and studies indicated a maximum bio-oil yield of 94.0% using this hybrid pretreatment process combined with ultrasonication and homogenization. The GC-MS characterization technique was used to analyze the bio-oil, which showed it consisted of 67.93% Di-ethyl phthalate (DEP) and 32.07% esters compounds (C12-C40 hydrocarbons range). The produced DEP from Chlorella biomass using this sustainable green approach is very promising. The estimated cost was around Rs 49 per gm (equivalent to Rs 664.56 for 13.58 gm), which indicates the potential for a cost-effective method to produce pure DEP from Chlorella biomass.

Taguchi Optimization on the Biooil Extraction from Fresh Water Algae (Spirogyra) Using Soxhlet Apparatus

The present investigation is aimed at maximizing the biooil yield (BOY) from the algal species Spirogyra by solvent extraction method with a nonpolar solvent n-hexane using a Soxhlet apparatus. Also, this present work is aimed at acquiring optimal physiochemical properties such as kinematic viscosity and iodine value of the biooil produced from the algae. To carry out this work, the Taguchi technique with the L9 orthogonal array (OA) was used. With the L9 OA, nine sets of experiments were directed as per the design matrix, and the results were analyzed using the Taguchi method with the help of Minitab 16 software. The results generated from this optimization process showcased that the BOY from the Spirogyra was found to be a maximum of 26.86% with the particle size (PS) being 0.462 μm, the response time (RT) of 60 minutes, the solvent ratio (SR) of 1 : 10, and the extraction temperature (ET) of 75°C. The optimal set of input parameters for the optimal output response kinematic viscosity of 1.92 mm2/s was found to be achieved with the PS being 0.462 μm, 60 minutes of RT, the SR of 1 : 15, and the ET of 75°C. Similarly, the optimal set of input parameters for the optimal output response iodine value was found to be at 0.322 μm PS, 120 minutes of RT, an SR of 1 : 5, and an ET of 75°C. The signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) for the output responses exposed that the PS exhibited a major impact on the BOY and kinematic viscosity and the contribution levels of 76.68 and 51.7%, respectively.

Evaluating Green Solvents for Bio-Oil Extraction: Advancements, Challenges, and Future Perspectives

The quest for sustainable and environmentally friendly fuel feedstocks has led to the exploration of green solvents for the extraction of bio-oil from various biomass sources. This review paper provides a comprehensive analysis of the challenges and future research outlooks for different categories of green extraction solvents, including bio-based solvents, water-based solvents, supercritical fluids, and deep eutectic solvents (DES). The background of each solvent category is discussed, highlighting their potential advantages and limitations. Challenges such as biomass feedstock sourcing, cost fluctuations, solvent properties variability, limited compatibility, solute solubility, high costs, and potential toxicity are identified and examined in detail. To overcome these challenges, future research should focus on alternative and abundant feedstock sources, the development of improved solubility and separation techniques, optimization of process parameters, cost-effective equipment design, standardization of DES compositions, and comprehensive toxicological studies. By addressing these challenges and advancing research in these areas, the potential of green extraction solvents can be further enhanced, promoting their widespread adoption and contributing to more sustainable and environmentally friendly industrial processes.

Production and Physiochemical Characterization of Biodiesel from Nile cabbage grown in Pager River, Kitgum Municipality, Northern-Uganda

Nile cabbage (Pistia stratiotes) represents a promising source of biodiesel which has been garnered due to good biomass yield. This study aims to determine the possibility for biodiesel production from Nile cabbage plants collected from a seasonal Pager River. The bio-oil extraction from Nile cabbage leaves was done using soxhlet apparatus. The biodiesel was produced by transesterification of lipids and characterized by GC-FID and the physio-chemical parameters of the produced biodiesel were also performed. The obtained results indicate that, Nile cabbage sample showed a yield of biodiesel (30.30±0.01) %. The biodiesel obtained possess the following fuel properties: density (880.00±0.00)Kg/m3, pH (5.70±0.00), saponification value (137.10±0.09) mg KOH/g, acid value (1.00±0.00) mg KOH/g, iodine value (63.41±0.01) mg I2/100g, flash point (120±0.00)℃, pour point (-6.20±0.03) ℃, colour (brown), moisture content (50.00±0.00)%, and ash content (0.003±0.00)%, and cetane number (49.53±0.05). The GC-FID analysis of the obtained biodiesel showed the presence of C16:0, C18:0, C18:1 and C18:2 as the major constituents of fatty acids (FAs) detected. Therefore, all physiochemical parameters were within the allowable limits, accept only acid value which was slightly higher than the standard limits issued by the American and European (ASTM D 6571:12 and EN 14214:2012) standards. Aquatic weeds are considered a global threat in the aquatic ecosystem, which invoked a lot of attention from the general public and the scientific community. Our findings showed that Nile cabbage biomass could give a significant yield of biodiesel, with desired fuel properties which will initiates a cleaner energy.

Formation of value-added products from the pyrolysis of date pits: A combined experimental–DFT approach

In arid and semiarid environments, bio-oil extraction from environmentally favorable and waste biomass is presently used as a mainstream strategy for the development of sustainable sources of energy. In keeping with this, we provide a thorough analysis of the pyrolysis of date palm pits here, focusing particularly on relevant thermal degradation profiles and pyrolytic products over a wide temperature range. Pyrolysis experiments were performed using a single-stage reactor at several temperature intervals. The temperature ranges were chosen following mass loss profiles of date pit biomass obtained by thermogravimetric analyzer (TGA) analysis. Density functional theory (DFT) calculations map out reaction pathways that dictate the decomposition of two model compounds that represented oxygen and nitrogen content in the collected condensed and non-condensed fractions. In-depth temperature-dependent profiles of pyrolytic products are thoroughly presented and analyzed. Analysis of products indicates the generation of a wide spectra of green diesel's ingredients of (i.e., long aliphatic compounds) and transportation fuels additives (alkylated benzenes). Aromatic compounds attain the highest fractions in the collected bio-oil at investigated temperature windows. Glucose derivatives appear in appreciable loads in the non-condensable fractions. The obtained mass loss curves reflect degradation curves for the most prominent biomass structural components; namely lignocellulosic, hemicellulose, and lignin. Findings presented herein shall be helpful to develop pyrolysis technologies that are suited for niche categories of biomass found in arid and semiarid regions where cultivation of standard energy crops is impractical.

Extraction, characterization and kinetics of ultrasonic assisted extraction of biooil from Annona squamosa seeds

The current research work investigated the extraction of biooil from custard apple seed (Annona squamosa). The Biooil extraction process has been carried out using the method of ultrasonic-assisted solvent extraction. The process conditions for biooil extraction have been optimized for attaining the maximum yield of biooil. The presence of functional groups and fatty acids in the extracted Annona squamosa seed oil has been analyzed by FT-IR and GC-MS analysis. The predominant compound present in the extracted oil was oleic acid, which is confirmed by GC-MS. The kinetics study results indicated that the biooil extraction process fits very well into first order reaction kinetics. The physicochemical properties of biooil have also been analyzed. The maximum biooil yield of 23% (w/w) from Annona squamosa seed has been achieved under the optimal process conditions with the extraction time of 20 min, temperature of 50°C and hexane to biomass ratio of 3:1 v/w.

Phycocyanin Extraction and Production of Crude Bio-Oil from Residual Biomass

Large-scale cultivation of algae is getting increasingly popular to produce environmentally sustainable crude bio-oil and other products. These phototrophs can be cultivated on non-agriculture lands with minimal nutrient requirements. If one gets multiple products from single production unit (biorefinery approach), the overall value increases leading to techno-economically favorable production. Hydrothermal Liquefaction (HTL) converts biomass into biofuels without drying the feedstock, uses water as the reaction medium at high temperature and high pressure. Nitrogen is one of the major rate-limiting factors in hydrothermal liquefaction (HTL) process. Crude bio-oil (CBO) from HTL is not suited for direct fuel applications due to undesired hetero-atoms like nitrogen and oxygen. It needs to be upgraded further, which adds on to the cost of overall processing of biofuel. Here we demonstrated that the reduction of nitrogen by removing pigment protein (phycocyanin) could significantly increase overall HTL efficiency. The CBO and extracted phycocyanin have been fully characterized and reported here.

Formulation and Evaluation of Topical Preparations Containing Pyrolytic Oil Obtained from Local Biomass

Abstract: Objectives: Pyrolytic oil of coconut shell was obtained by the fast pyrolysis method. This research aimed to identify the use(s) of pyrolytic oil in topical pharmaceutical formulations. The study included extraction of bio-oil by pyrolysis, physicochemical characterization, screening the oil for microbial activity, preformulation studies, formulation into suitable topical preparations like ointment, gel and cream, evaluation studies of the formulation and stability studies. Materials and Methods: The extracted pyrolytic oil was subjected to diversified physicochemical evaluation tests like specific gravity, acid/saponification/ ester values, viscosity, moisture content, pH, thin layer chromatography, Fouriertransform infrared spectroscopy and Gas chromatography-Mass spectrometry analysis. It was then screened for its potential for antibacterial/antifungal activity. Various topical formulations were prepared using the pyrolytic oil. Preformulation studies of the pyrolytic oil were carried out. This was formulated into suitable topical preparations like ointment, gel and cream and subjected to physicochemical evaluations which include appearance, pH, spread ability, viscosity and antimicrobial activity. Also, the formulations were evaluated for its stability. Results: The stability studies results showed no change in pH, spreadability and viscosity, thus indicating good stability of the formulations. The prepared formulations displayed good antibacterial and antifungal activity. Conclusion: The use(s) of pyrolytic oil have not been explored to its full potential for its pharmaceutical application. In this study, the pyrolytic oil showed good antimicrobial activity due to the presence of polyphenols. Hence it could be used as an effective topical formulation to cure various topical infections. Key words: Biomass, Pyrolytic oil, Characterization, Antimicrobial activity, Topical preparations, Evaluation.

Experimental Design Analysis of Murexide Dye Removal by Carbon Produced from Waste Biomass Material

The aim of this work is to investigate the adsorption of an anionic dye, the Murexide (MX) present in aqueous solution, on activated carbon, derived from prickly pear seed cake biomass after bio-oil extraction. The obtained adsorbent used was characterized by Bohem titration, pH of point of zero charge (pHPZC), FTIR spectroscopy, Brunauer–Emmett–Teller surface area (SBET), and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The different experimental parameters of the adsorption process, such as temperature, contact time, initial dye concentration, and adsorbent dose, were studied. For the optimization of the process, the effects of these parameters were investigated using the full factorial experimental design methodology. Design Expert 11.1.2.0 Trial software was used for generating the statistical experimental design and analysing the observed data. Langmuir and Freundlich’s adsorption models were employed to provide a description of the equilibrium isotherm. The adsorption process was found to obey Langmuir, which indicates that the Murexide had formed a monolayer onto activated carbon. Furthermore, according to the regression coefficients, it was observed that the kinetic adsorption data can fit better by the pseudo-second-order model compared to the first-order Lagergren’s model. The thermodynamic studies indicated that the adsorption of Murexide occurs in a spontaneous and exothermic process. The regeneration process of the exhausted adsorbent was studied to assess the economic and operational feasibility. According to the obtained findings, it is proposed that the activated carbon prepared from prickly pear seed cake retains a high potential for Murexide removal and is suitable for repetitive usage.

Maximization of Bio-Oil Extraction by Co-Pyrolysis of Three Organic Wastes

Maximization of Bio-Oil Extraction by Co-Pyrolysis of Three Organic Wastes

Extraction of Bio-oil from Sugarcane Leaves

Bio oil production has become the main substitute for fossil-based fuels, but it should be available as a cost-effective method for its production. Extraction of bio-oil from sugarcane leaf is the motive of this project. We are going to achieve this by grinding the leaves freshly into a liquid form with Sugarcane Juicer that is going to be inoculated with Saccharomyces Cerevisiae (Brewer’s Yeast). The yeast culture was maintained in YPD (Yeast Peptone Dextrose) agar medium for 72 Hours. Once this Yeast grows, it is coagulated with the Sugarcane leaf extract that separates Bioethanol by distillation. Then this Bio-oil can be used in engines. This Bio oil is made because this is cost efficient. It is less pollutive when compared to other gasoline Products. These leaves are mostly thrown out as trash or else it is burnt, so this could be a method of changing those trash into one of the Valuable resources of fuel for Heavy vehicles.

Cultivation and extraction of omega 3-6 fatty acids from the heterotrophic marine microalga Schizochytrium mangrovei TB17 to make a functional food

The objective of this study was to investigate the different fermentation conditions for Schizochytrium mangrovei TB17 biomass production rich in omega-3 and omega-6 fatty acids to determine the optimal conditions for bio-oil extraction from the algal biomass and to study the pharmacological effects of this bio-oil in experimental animal models. After 108 h of fed-batch fermentation, the cell density, dry biomass, lipid contents and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) contents reached 392.53±3.89×106 cells/mL, 100.41±3.17 g/L, 41.04±0.87% dry cell weight (DCW) and 33.33±1.96% total fatty acids (TFAs) respectively. The in situ transesterification producing bio-oil rich in omega 3-6 fatty acids from the biomass of the TB17 strain reached a yield of TFAs of 45.02±1.37% DCW. The yields of PUFAs and SFAs were 30.02±0.38% and 69.98±0.53% of TFA respectively. The bio-oil mainly contains DHA and EPA accounting for 74.04±0.25% and 10.97±0.43% of the TFAs respectively. The bio-oil met the Vietnam food safety standard. According to the results of the acute in mice and the subchronic oral toxicity in rats for 90 days, the bio-oil rich in omega 3-6 fatty acids is safe and has the ability to improve memory and learning ability in mice which can be made functional food oil capsules for human.

Bio Oil Extraction from the Shells of Cocos Nucifera A Source of Generating Renewable Energy and Its Analysis

Biomass is an important source of energy and fuel worldwide after coal, oil and natural gas. These fossil fuels do substantially more harm than renewable energy sources like biomass energy. Oil extracted from biomass is considered as an attractive option. In our project, we have specifically selected coconut shells as our feed as they are carbon-neutral, easy to store and abundantly available. Coconut shell also known as Cocos Nucifera shell in biological terms, once a discarded outer hardcover is now a product of great demand. Coconut shell charcoal is used as domestic and industrial fuel. This is obtained by various techniques. Initially, the shells are burned at high temperature and condensed to extract bio-oil using a series of unit operations and processes such as distillation, gas chromatography. These samples are then sent for analysis to compare them with the conventional fuel sources and then antimicrobial activity is examined. The medium-chain fatty acids in coconut oil have antimicrobial properties that can help protect against harmful microorganisms. Lauric acid and capric acid are known to have potent antimicrobial properties. Different bacterial cultures have been introduced later to test the ability of the oil to resist the harmful microorganisms and fungal cultures. Various analysis such as Infrared Spectroscopy, Gas-Mass Spectroscopy and Ultimate analysis are performed on the retrieved samples of oil extracted from the coconut shells. It is to be observed that the carbon content in the Cocos nucifera derived oil is less than the conventional diesel oil which makes it best for environmental uses.

Optimization and technoeconomic analysis of biooil extraction from Calophyllum inophyllum L. seeds by ultrasonic assisted solvent oil extraction

In the present investigation, the bio-oil extraction from Calophyllum inophyllum seeds using an ultrasonic-assisted heterogeneous solvent technique has been carried out in order to avoid diminishing the oil property and quality by high temperature. The application of different combinations of solvent extraction has been examined using Diethyl ether:Ethanol, Chloroform:Methanol, and Isopropanol: Methanol. The results reveals that the equal ratio of Diethyl ether:Ethanol in assistance with ultrasonic waves yields maximum oil extraction. The other optimized process conditions determined by central composite design was found to be the seed kernel to the solvent ratio of 1:15 (w:v); time 45 min; temperature 36 °C and ultrasonication power of 54 % yields maximum bio-oil of 82.8 % (w/w). The kinetic study denotes that the oil extraction process follows first-order kinetics. The presence of different functional groups, as well as volatile compounds in the extracted oil, were confirmed by fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. This confirms the presence of 22.11 % of free fatty acid content in the extracted bio-oil. The techno-economic analysis of 4.4 million kg of oil extract plant was investigated. The annual revenue estimated from the oil is 2,097,000 $/yr and the payback period is 5.43 years.